List of Exhibits
Highlights
2012 Extent of the Highway System
2002—2012 Highway System Trends
2012—2032 Future Highway Capital Investment Scenarios
2012 Extent of the Transit System
2002—2012 Transit Trends in Urban Areas
2012—2032 Future Transit Capital Investment Scenarios
Executive Summary
Chapter 1
Percentage Point Change in Young Adult Population (Ages 20—34 Years) by Neighborhood Type, 2000—2010
Chapter 2
Highway and Bridge Ownership by Level of Government
Percentages of Highway Miles, Vehicle Miles Traveled, and Bridges by Functional System, 2012
2012 Urbanized Area Density vs. Ridership (Top 50 Areas in Population)
Chapter 3
Pavement Ride Quality on Federal-Aid Highways, 2002—2012
Structurally Deficient Bridges (Systemwide), 2002—2012
Definition of Transit Asset Conditions
2012 Asset Categories Rated Below Condition 2.0 (Poor)
2012 Transit Assets not in SGR (percent)
Chapter 4
Annual Highway Fatality Rates, 2002—2012
Highway Fatalities by Crash Type, 2002—2012
Fatalities by Type of Person, 2012 and 2002
Chapter 5
Travel Time Index for Urbanized Areas, 2002—2012
Mean Distance Between Failures, Directly Operated Service, 2004—2012
Transit Ridership versus Employment, 2006—2012
Chapter 6
Highway Expenditure by Type, 2012
Revenue Sources for Highways, 2012
2012 Urban Capital Expenditure by Asset Category
Urban Recovery Act Funding Awards Compared to Other FTA Fund Awards
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Average Annual Cost by Investment Scenario (Billions of 2012 Dollars)
Average Annual Investment 2013 through 2032
Projected Total Ridership Per Year
Chapter 9
Asset Condition Forecast for All Existing and Expansion Transit Assets
Chapter 10
Impact of Alternative Assumptions on Highway Scenario Average Annual Investment Levels
Chapter 11
Bicycle and Pedestrian Travel Trends as Percentage of All Trips, 1994 and 20092
Chapter 12
Main Report
Exhibit 1-1 Vehicle Miles Traveled by Type of Travel
Exhibit 1-2 Per Capita Vehicle Miles Traveled, 1987—2012
Exhibit 1-3 Licensing Percentages for 16- and 24-year olds, 1978—2012
Exhibit 1-4 Per Capita Daily Passenger Miles Traveled and Vehicle Miles Traveled, 1977—2009
Exhibit 1-5 Percentage Change in Trips by Travel Mode, 1990—2009
Exhibit 1-6 Average Annual Person Miles and Person Trips per Household by Trip Purpose
Exhibit 1-7 Population Age Structure, 1960, 1990, and 2020
Exhibit 1-8 Racial and Ethnic Composition of the United States, 1970—2050
Exhibit 1-9 Labor Force Participation Rates, 1947—2012 and Projected Rates for 2022
Exhibit 1-10 Regional Migration and Growth
Exhibit 1-12 Emerging Megaregions of the United States
Exhibit 1-14 Teleworking Population, 2005 and 2009
Exhibit 1-16 Goods Movement by Mode, 2012
Exhibit 1-17 Tonnage on Highways, Railroads, and Waterways, 2010
Exhibit 1-18 Average Daily Long-Haul Freight Truck Traffic on the National Highway System, 2011
Exhibit 1-19 Annual Freight Transportation Services Index Values, 2000—2014
Exhibit 1-20 Weight of Shipments by Transportation Mode
Exhibit 1-21 Average Daily Long-Haul Freight Truck Traffic on the National Highway System, 2040
Exhibit 1-22 The Spectrum of Freight Moved, 2007
Exhibit 1-23 Major Truck Routes on the National Highway System, 2011
Exhibit 1-24 Trucks and Truck Miles by Range of Operations
Exhibit 1-25 Total U.S.-Canada Trade Value by Transportation Mode, 2000—2014
Exhibit 1-26 Total U.S.-Canada Trade Tonnage by Transportation Mode, 2000—2013
Exhibit 1-27 Total U.S.-Mexico Trade Value by Transportation Mode, 2000—2014
Exhibit 1-28 Total U.S.-Mexico Trade Tonnage by Transportation Mode, 2000—2013
Exhibit 2-1 Highway and Bridge Ownership by Level of Government
Exhibit 2-3 Annual Growth Rates in Vehicle Miles Traveled, 1992—2012
Exhibit 2-7 National Network for Conventional Combination Trucks, 2013
Exhibit 2-8 Functional Classifications
Exhibit 2-9 Highway Functional Classification System Hierarchy
Exhibit 2-11 Highway Route Miles by Functional System, 2002—2012
Exhibit 2-12 Highway Lane Miles by Functional System, 2002—2012
Exhibit 2-13 Vehicle Miles Traveled by Functional System, 2002—2012
Exhibit 2-14 Highway Travel by Functional System and Vehicle Type, 2008—2012
Exhibit 2-15 Number of Bridges by Functional System, 2002—2012
Exhibit 2-17 Rail Modes Serving Urbanized Areas
Exhibit 2-18 Transit Active Fleet by Vehicle Type, 2012
Exhibit 2-19 Composition of Urban Transit Road Vehicle Fleet, 2012
Exhibit 2-20 Maintenance Facilities for Directly Operated Services, 2012
Exhibit 2-21 Transit Rail Mileage and Stations, 2012
Exhibit 2-22 Rural Transit Vehicles, 2010 and 2012
Exhibit 2-23 Urban Transit Operators' ADA Vehicle Fleets by Mode, 2012
Exhibit 2-24 Urban Transit Operators' ADA-Compliant Stations by Mode, 2012
Exhibit 2-25 Percentage of Urban Bus Fleet Using Alternative Fuels, 2002—2012
Exhibit 2-26 Hybrid Buses as a Percentage of Urban Bus Fleet, 2007—2012
Exhibit 3-1 Condition Rating Classifications Used in the 2015 C&P Report
Exhibit 3-2 Federal-Aid Highway Pavement Conditions, 2012
Exhibit 3-3 Bridge and Culvert Conditions, 2012
Exhibit 3-4 Pavement Ride Quality on Federal-Aid Highways, 2002—2012
Exhibit 3-7 Structurally Deficient Bridges-Systemwide, 2002—2012
Exhibit 3-8 Structurally Deficient Bridges by Owner, 2012
Exhibit 3-9 Structurally Deficient Bridges on the National Highway System, 2002—2012
Exhibit 3-10 Structurally Deficient Bridges on the Strategic Highway Network, 2002—2012
Exhibit 3-11 Structurally Deficient Bridges by Functional Class, 2002—2012
Exhibit 3-12 Bridges by Age, 2012
Exhibit 3-13 Percentages of Structurally Deficient Bridges by Age, 2012
Exhibit 3-14 Rural Alignment by Functional Class, 2012
Exhibit 3-15 Lane Width by Functional Class, 2012
Exhibit 3-16 Functionally Obsolete Bridges-Systemwide, 2002—2012
Exhibit 3-17 Functionally Obsolete Bridges on the National Highway System, 2002—2012
Exhibit 3-18 Functionally Obsolete Bridges by Functional Class, 2002—2012
Exhibit 3-19 Percentages of Functionally Obsolete Bridges by Age, 2012
Exhibit 3-20 Bridge Deficiencies: Systemwide vs. National Highway System, 2012
Exhibit 3-21 Definitions of Transit Asset Conditions
Exhibit 3-22 Distribution of Asset Physical Conditions by Asset Type for All Modes
Exhibit 3-23 Estimated Replacement Value of the Nation's Transit Assets, 2012
Exhibit 3-24 Urban Transit Bus Fleet Count, Age, and Condition, 2002—2012
Exhibit 3-25 Age Distribution of Fixed-Route Buses (Urban Areas), 2012
Exhibit 3-26 Age Distribution of Vans, Minivans, Autos, and Cutaways (Urban Areas), 2012
Exhibit 3-27 Distribution of Estimated Asset Conditions by Asset Type for Fixed-Route Bus
Exhibit 3-28 Urban Transit Rail Fleet Count, Age, and Condition, 2002—2012
Exhibit 3-29 Age Distribution of Rail Transit Vehicles, 2012
Exhibit 3-30 Age Distribution of Rail Transit Vehicles, 2012
Exhibit 3-31 Distribution of Asset Physical Conditions by Asset Type for All Rail
Exhibit 3-32 Distribution of Asset Physical Conditions by Asset Type for Heavy Rail
Exhibit 3-33 Non-Vehicle Transit Assets: Age and Condition, 2012
Exhibit 3-34 Age Distribution of Rural Transit Vehicles for Fixed-Route Buses, 2012
Exhibit 4-1 Crashes by Severity, 2002—2012
Exhibit 4-2 Summary of Fatality and Injury Rates, 1966—2012
Exhibit 4-3 Fatalities, 1980—2012
Exhibit 4-4 Fatality Rates, 1980—2012
Exhibit 4-5 Fatalities by Functional System, 2002—2012
Exhibit 4-6 Fatality Rates by Functional System, 2002—201
Exhibit 4-7 Highway Fatalities by Crash Type, 2002—2012
Exhibit 4-8 Intersection-Related Fatalities by Functional System, 2012
Exhibit 4-9 Pedestrian and Other Nonmotorist Traffic Fatalities, 2002—2012
Exhibit 4-10 Annual Transit Fatalities Excluding Suicides, 2002—2012
Exhibit 4-11 Transit Fatality Rates by Person Type per 100 Million PMT, 2002—2012
Exhibit 4-12 Annual Transit Fatalities Including Suicides, 2002—2012
Exhibit 4-13 Transit Injury Rates by Person Type per 100 Million PMT, 2002—2012
Exhibit 4-16 Transit Incidents and Injuries by Mode per 100 Million PMT, 2004—2012
Exhibit 4-17 Commuter Rail Fatalities, 2002—2012
Exhibit 4-18 Commuter Rail Incidents, 2002—2012
Exhibit 4-19 Commuter Rail Injuries, 2002—2012
Exhibit 5-1 Travel Time Index for 52 Urban Areas, 2012
Exhibit 5-2 Quarterly Travel Time Index for 52 Urban Areas, 2012
Exhibit 5-3 Congested Hours per Weekday for 52 Urban Areas, 2012
Exhibit 5-4 Miles by Duration of Congestion: Minneapolis/St. Paul, 2002—2012
Exhibit 5-5 Planning Time Index for 52 Urban Areas (95th Percentile)
Exhibit 5-6 Congestion in Atlanta, 2009—2010
Exhibit 5-7 Travel Time Index for All Urbanized Areas, 2002—2012
Exhibit 5-8 National Congestion Measures, 2002—2012
Exhibit 5-9 Annual Delay: Washington State, 2007—2012
Exhibit 5-11 Top 25 Congested Freight-Significant Locations, 2013
Exhibit 5-12 Average Truck Speeds on Selected Interstate Highways, 2012
Exhibit 5-13 FAF Network Commodity Tonnage
Exhibit 5-14 Top 25 Intercity Truck Corridors
Exhibit 5-17 Examples of Sustainable Community Indicators
Exhibit 5-18 Transportation-related Greenhouse Gas Emissions By Mode, 2013
Exhibit 5-19 Average Speeds for Passenger-Carrying Transit Modes, 2012
Exhibit 5-20 Unadjusted Vehicle Occupancy: Passenger Miles per Vehicle Revenue Mile, 2002—2012
Exhibit 5-21 Average Seat Occupancy Calculations for Passenger-Carrying Transit Modes, 2012
Exhibit 5-22 Vehicle Service Utilization: Vehicle Revenue Miles per Active Vehicle by Mode
Exhibit 5-23 Distribution of Passengers by Wait Time
Exhibit 5-24 Share of Working-Age Residents with Access to Transit, 100 Metropolitan Areas
Exhibit 5-25 Mean Distance between Failures, Directly Operated Service, 2004—2012
Exhibit 5-26 Transit Urban Directional Route Miles, 2002—2012
Exhibit 5-27 Rail and Nonrail Vehicle Revenue Miles, 2002—2012
Exhibit 5-28 Capacity-Equivalent Factors by Mode
Exhibit 5-29 Capacity-Equivalent Vehicle Revenue Miles, 2002—2012
Exhibit 5-30 Unlinked Passenger Trips (Total in Millions and percent of Total) by Mode, 2012
Exhibit 5-31 Passenger Miles Traveled (Total in Billions and percent of Total) by Mode, 2012
Exhibit 5-32 Transit Urban Passenger Miles, 2002—2012
Exhibit 5-34 Transit Ridership vs. Employment, 2006—2012
Exhibit 6-1 Government Revenue Sources for Highways, 2012
Exhibit 6-2 Disposition of Highway-User Revenue by Level of Government, 2012
Exhibit 6-3 Highway Trust Fund Highway Account Receipts and Outlays, Fiscal Years 2000—2014
Exhibit 6-4 Government Revenue Sources for Highways, 2002—2012
Exhibit 6-6 Direct Expenditures for Highways by Expending Agency and Type, 2012
Exhibit 6-7 Expenditures for Highways by Type, All Units of Government, 2002—2012
Exhibit 6-8 Funding for Highways by Level of Government, 2002—2012
Exhibit 6-9 Comparison of Inflation Indices (Converted to a 2002 Base Year), 2002—2012
Exhibit 6-12 Highway Capital Outlay by Improvement Type, 2012
Exhibit 6-13 Distribution of Capital Outlay by Improvement Type and Functional System, 2012
Exhibit 6-14 Capital Outlay on All Roads by Improvement Type, 2002—2012
Exhibit 6-15 Capital Outlay on Federal-Aid Highways by Improvement Type, 2002—2012
Exhibit 6-16 Capital Outlay on the National Highway System by Improvement Type, 2002—2012
Exhibit 6-17 Capital Outlay on the Interstate System, by Improvement Type, 2002—2012
Exhibit 6-18 2012 Urban Revenue Sources for Transit Funding (Millions of Dollars)
Exhibit 6-19 2012 Urban Transit Revenue Sources (Billions of Dollars)
Exhibit 6-20 Mass Transit Account Receipts and Outlays, Fiscal Years 2002—2012
Exhibit 6-21 Urban Recovery Act Funding Awards Compared to Other FTA Fund Awards
Exhibit 6-22 2012 Urban State and Local Sources of Transit Funding, Millions of Dollars
Exhibit 6-23 Urban Funding for Transit by Government Jurisdiction, 2002—2012 (Constant Dollars)
Exhibit 6-26 Urban Sources of Funds for Transit Capital Expenditures, 2002—2012
Exhibit 6-27 2012 Urban Transit Capital Expenditures by Mode and Type
Exhibit 6-29 Urban Sources of Funds for Transit Operating Expenditures, 2002—2012
Exhibit 6-30 Urban Transit Operating Expenditures by Mode, 2002—2012
Exhibit 6-31 Urban Operating Expenditures by Mode and Functions, 2012
Exhibit 6-32 2012 Urban Rail Operating Expenditures by Type of Cost, Millions of Dollars
Exhibit 6-33 2012 Urban Nonrail Operating Expenditures by Type of Cost, Millions of Dollars
Exhibit 6-34 Urban Operating Expenditures per Vehicle Revenue Mile, 2002—2012 (Constant Dollars)
Exhibit 6-38 Urban Operating Expenditures per Passenger Mile, 2002—2012 (Constant Dollars)
Exhibit 6-39 Urban Farebox Recovery Ratio by Mode, 2004—2012
Exhibit 6-40 Rural Transit Funding Sources for Capital Expenditures, 2012
Exhibit 6-41 Rural Transit Funding Sources for Operating Expenditures, 2012
Exhibit 7-1 Distribution of 2012 Capital Expenditures by Investment Type
Exhibit 7-2 HERS Annual Investment Levels Analyzed for Federal-Aid Highways
Exhibit 7-19 2012 Transit Capital Expenditures
Exhibit 8-1 Capital Investment Scenarios for Highways and Bridges and Derivation of Components
Exhibit 8-2 Summary of Average Annual Investment Levels by Scenario
Exhibit 8-3 Source of Estimates of Highway Investment Scenarios, by Model
Exhibit 8-4 Estimated Highway and Bridge Investment Backlog as of 2012
Exhibit 8-12 Capital Investment Scenarios for Transit
Exhibit 8-13 Annual Average Cost by Investment Scenario, 2013 through 2032
Exhibit 8-14 Annual Transit Capital Expenditures, 2004—2012
Exhibit 8-16 Sustain 2012 Spending Scenario: Over-Age Forecast by Asset Category, 2012—2032
Exhibit 8-17 Investment Backlog: Sustain 2012 Spending ($10 Billion Annually)
Exhibit 8-18 Sustain 2012 Spending Scenario: Capacity Utilization by Mode Forecast, 2012—2032
Exhibit 8-19 Projected vs. Currently Supported Ridership Growth
Exhibit 8-20 SGR Benchmark: Average Annual Investment by Asset Type, 2013 through 2032
Exhibit 8-21 Investment Backlog: State of Good Repair Benchmark ($16.6 Billion Annually)
Exhibit 8-22 Proportion of Transit Assets Not in State of Good Repair (Excluding Tunnel Structures)
Exhibit 8-24 Scenario Investment Benefits Scorecard
Exhibit 9-3 Annual Projected Highway VMT Based on HPMS-Derived Forecasts or FHWA VMT Forecast Model
Exhibit 9-4 State-Provided Long-Term VMT Forecasts Compared with Actual VMT, 1965—2032
Exhibit 9-8 Asset Condition Forecast for All Existing and Expansion Transit Assets
Exhibit 9-9 Sustain 2012 Spending Scenario: Asset percent of Useful Life Consumed
Exhibit 9-10 SGR Benchmark: Asset percent of Useful Life Consumed
Exhibit 9-11 Low-Growth Scenario: Asset percent of Useful Life Consumed
Exhibit 9-12 High-Growth Scenario: Asset percent of Useful Life Consumed
Exhibit 9-13 Asset Condition Forecast for All Existing and Expansion Transit Assets
Exhibit 9-14 Prior and Revised Passenger Miles Traveled (PMT) Projection Methodology
Exhibit 9-15 Passenger Miles Traveled: 15-Year Compound Annual Growth Rate by Mode, 1997-2012
Exhibit 9-16 Hybrid and Alternative Fuel Vehicles: Share of Total Bus Fleet, 2000—2030
Exhibit 9-20 Projection of Fleet Size by Scenario
Exhibit 9-21 Projection of Guideway Route Miles by Scenario
Exhibit 9-22 Projection of Stations by Scenario
Exhibit 9-23 Stock of Fixed Guideway Miles by Year Under Low-Growth Scenario, 2012—2032
Exhibit 10-11 Impact of Increase in Capital Costs on Transit Investment Estimates by Scenario
Exhibit 10-12 Impact of Alternative Value of Time Rates on Transit Investment Estimates by Scenario
Exhibit 10-13 Impact of Alternative Discount Rates on Transit Investment Estimates by Scenario
Exhibit 11-1 Bicycle and Pedestrian Travel Trends as Percentage of All Trips, 1994 and 2009
Exhibit 11-2 Commuting Trends as percent Increase, 2005—2013
Exhibit 11-3 Bicycle and Pedestrian Commuter Mode Share in States and Large Cities, 2009—2011
Exhibit 11-4 Pedestrian and Bicycle Mode Share Trends, Outcome Benchmark Changes, 2005—2012
Exhibit 11-5 Federal Obligations for Bicycle and Pedestrian Projects, 1992—2015
Exhibit 12-1 Major Federal Lands
Exhibit 12-2 Types of Lands Managed by Federal Land Management Agencies
Exhibit 12-3 Summary of Annual Recreation Use and Visits
Exhibit 12-5 Roads Serving Federal Lands
Exhibit 12-6 Forest Service Pavement Conditions (Passenger Car Roads Only)
Exhibit 12-7 National Park Service Pavement Conditions (Paved Roads Only)
Exhibit 12-8 Fish and Wildlife Service Pavement Condition
Exhibit 12-9 Bureau of Land Management Pavement Conditions (Paved Roads Only)
Exhibit 12-10 Bureau of Reclamation Pavement Conditions (Paved Roads Only)
Exhibit 12-11 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Pavement Conditions
Exhibit 12-12 Federal Lands Highway Program Annual Authorizations, 1983—2012
Exhibit 12-13 Federal Lands and Tribal Transportation Program Authorizations, 2013—2014
Exhibit 12-14 Alternative Transportation Systems in National Parks, Percentages by Mode
Exhibit 12-15 Deferred Maintenance Backlog
Exhibit A-1 Typical Costs per Lane Mile Assumed in HERS by Type of Improvement
Exhibit A-2 HERS Pavement Performance Equations Input Data by Type and Source
Exhibit A-4 Average Vehicle Occupancy (Persons) by User Category, Vehicle Class, and Travel Purpose
Exhibit A-6 Hourly Capital Costs by HERS Vehicle Type
Exhibit A-7 Estimated 2012 Values of Travel Time by Vehicle Type
Exhibit A-8 Types of Operations Strategies Included in Each Scenario
Exhibit A-9 Impacts of Operations Strategies in HERS
Exhibit C-1 Definitions of Transit Asset Conditions
Exhibit C-2 Scale for Determining Asset Condition Over Time, From Acquisition to Replacement
Exhibit C-3 Distribution of Asset Physical Condition by Asset Type for All Modes
Exhibit C-4 Weighted Average by Asset Category, 2010—2029