Keaiwa Stream Bridge |
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| Location | Route 11 near Pahala |
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| State | HI |
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| Completion Date | 2000 |
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| Contact Person | Paul Santo P.E.
Hawaii Department of Transportation
Phone: (808) 692-7611
Email: paul_santo@exec.state.hi.us |
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| Description | A record rainstorm in late 2000 caused major damage to the only route on the southeast side of the Big Island of Hawaii. The State of Hawaii Department of Transportation chose to replace the 80-foot Route 11 bridge near Pahala with a longer structure to prevent future damage from flooding. The new 7-span, 230-foot concrete bridge, using precast prestressed concrete planks with cast-in-place concrete topping, was in operation within seven months. |
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| Photo |  |
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| Prefabricated Elements | Decks |
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| Other Keywords | 4-foot-wide by 11-inch-thick precast prestressed concrete deck planks,precast deck panels with topping slab, precast pretensioned partial-depth deck panels |
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| Advantages | Minimized traffic disruption by reducing construction time and limiting lane closures.; Minimized environmental disruption because deck topping did not require shoring or falsework in the streambed, and minimized traffic disruption because precast planks were fabricated during pier construction. |
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| Photo Credits | Hawaii Department of Transportation |
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Linn Cove Viaduct |
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| Location | Grandfather Mountain on the Blue Ridge Parkway, milepost 304.6 |
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| State | NC |
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| Completion Date | 1983 |
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| Contact Person | Gary S. Jakovich
Federal Highway Administration
Phone: (703) 404-6236
Email: gary.jakovich@fhwa.dot.gov |
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| Description | The Linn Cove Viaduct is 1,243 feet long and contains 153 superstructure segments, each weighing 50 tons, along with 40 substructure segments weighing up to 45 tons. The road is at an elevation of 4,100 feet and was designed as an S-shape to wind around the scenic mountains. To avoid placement of heavy equipment in a sensitive environment, the bridge was built in one direction from the south abutment to the north almost entirely from the top down. The only exceptions to the top down method were construction of the initial span on falsework and construction of a temporary timber bridge that enabled the micropile foundation drilling machine to prepare several of the foundation sites ahead of the superstructure erection. |
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| Photo |  |
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| Prefabricated Elements | Total prefab bridges |
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| Other Keywords | Elevated roadway,speed of construction |
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| Advantages | Minimized environmental disruption. Precasting each segment of the bridge allowed construction workers to assemble the bridge with little impact to the most environmentally sensitive section of Grandfather Mountain. This bridge also proved that a design could be environmentally sensitive in addition to being utilitarian and economical. |
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| Related Document 1 | Linn Cove Viaduct Details: Plan and Elevation, Sub-footing and Footing Layout, Temporary Support, Typical Segment, Construction Notes (PDF, 3.2 mb)
HTML Version: |
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| Photo Credits | Hugh Morton of Eugene Figg, Jr. |
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Pelican Creek Bridge |
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| Location | Chichagof Island |
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| State | AK |
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| Completion Date | 1992 |
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| Contact Person | Mike Higgs, P.E.,
Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities,
(907) 465-8896 |
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| Description | This bridge has precast decked double-tee girders with precast caps and steel piles. It is one bridge 178 ft. long and 18 ft. wide with 3 spans. A small fishing community on Chicagof Island in southeast Alaska needed a new bridge quickly after buying a fire truck that was too heavy for their old timber bridge. Construction requirements included staying out of the sensitive creek bed and completing work within a short time defined by the Department of Fish and Game. The Alaska Department of Transportation & Public Facilities chose a totally prefabricated bridge with all material, including rock for the approach fill, barged to the work site. The contractor floated in barges at high tide and anchored them in the creek. Crews drove steel piles from barges, drove a large wheeled crane onto the barges, and then used the crane to install first caps and then decked double-tee girders, post-tensioning the diaphragms. No heavy equipment was lodged in the creek bed. All construction completed in approximately 5 weeks in 1992. Alaska DOT regularly uses decked bulb-tee girder bridges consisting of precast, prestressed girders cast with an integral deck to form a "T" shaped beam. The maximum span length is 145 ft. The superstructures are often installed in 1-2 days for a typical highway bridge. Prefabrication provided ADOT with a new bridge with a longer service life and lower maintenance costs, and it facilitated safe construction in a sensitive environment. Total prefabrication improved constructibility for Trucano Construction crews and reduced labor costs. Residents of the island got a new bridge quickly constructed and strong enough to support their civic vehicles. |
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| Photo | 
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| Prefabricated Elements | Total prefab bridges |
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| Other Keywords | totally prefabricated bridges |
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| Advantages | Minimized environmental disruption, constructibility |
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| Contract Elements | Superstructure Detail Sheet |
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| Photo Credits | Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities |
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Reedy Creek Bridge |
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| Location | Main entrance to Walt Disney World's Animal Kingdom theme park in Orlando, FL |
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| State | FL |
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| Completion Date | 1997 |
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| Contact Person | James S. Guarre P.E.
Phone: (206) 431-2300
Email: guarre@abam.com |
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| Description | The bridge over Reedy Creek in Osceola Parkway serves as the main entrance to Walt Disney World's Animal Kingdom. Owned by a private entity, it was designed to Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) standards and bid as a conventional contract. The winning contractor and engineer reworked the initial design using precast concrete components on the same alignment. Design constraints included the following: the bridge had to be a low-profile structure certifiable by FDOT; it had to be constructed entirely from the top with no impact to the creek bed below; design and construction had to yield a low-maintenance structure; and certain utility lines had to be carried at the center of the alignment between the two bridges. The 1,000-ft. long bridge consisted of five structures, each 200 ft. long with expansion joints at ends and at abutments. The eastbound and westbound bridges were separated by 14 ft, which carried the utility lines on suspended steel framing. Each 200-ft. structure had five 40-ft. spans designed as a continuous structure. Precast components included pile caps and deck panels. All the pile caps were of the same cross section, made in different lengths as needed, and simply reinforced and set on a slope to provide the transverse grade. Most of the deck panels were haunched panels--thicker at the ends. The haunched panels were prestressed with strands designed to provide eccentricity in the middle region while coming close to the neutral axis at the ends. Remaining panels were prismatic, with some of them having width varying from one end to the other, and all were simply reinforced. The shallow precast pile caps supporting the precast deck panels resulted in a total depth just under 5 ft. with the deck itself only 2 ft. 5 in. deep. Except for touch-up painting of the steel piles, all work was completed from the top with no activity on the creek bed below. |
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| Photo |  |
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| Prefabricated Elements | Total prefab bridges |
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| Advantages | Minimized environmental impact, minimized environmental disruption |
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| Photo Credits | BERGER/ABAM Engineers, Inc. |
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Route 57 over Wolf River |
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| Location | Fayette County |
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| State | TN |
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| Completion Date | 1999 |
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| Contact Person | Edward P. Wasserman P.E.
Tennessee Department of Transportation
Phone: (615) 741-3351
Email: Ed.Wasserman@state.tn.us |
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| Description | The Wolf River Bridge in Fayette County, Tennessee, crosses sensitive wetlands and carries the only east-west route through its geographic region. For the 20-span replacement bridge, the Tennessee Department of Transportation chose staged construction, maintaining one lane of traffic with timed signals. TDOT designers selected precast prestressed beams to facilitate speedy construction and allowed optional stay-in-place precast prestressed concrete deck forms. TDOT and the contractor developed details for precasting bent caps in two pieces to suit staged construction. Construction of the 1,408-foot long, 46-foot wide bridge was completed in eleven months without putting any equipment in the surrounding wetlands. |
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| Photo |  |
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| Prefabricated Elements | Bent caps; decks |
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| Other Keywords | Precast bent caps; precast prestressed concrete stay-in-place deck forms; precast prestressed I beams; steel pipe piles,precast deck panels with topping slab,precast prestressed I-beams,precast pretensioned partial-depth deck panels |
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| Advantages | Minimized environmental disruption by eliminating the need to place equipment in surrounding wetlands, and minimized traffic disruption of an important east-west corridor. |
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| Contract Elements | "A" plus "B" format was used. The "A" portions of the bids reflected prices for construction items. The "B" portion required the contractor to identify the number of calendar days needed to complete construction, which was then multiplied by a pre-determined price per day established by the owner. |
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| Photo Credits | Tennessee Department of Transportation |
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