Highways in the Coastal Environment: Second Edition

Table of Contents

• List of Figures
• List of Tables
• List of Symbols
• Acknowledgements
• Glossary

Chapters: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10

Part 1 - Background & Context

• Chapter 1 - Introduction
  • 1.1 Purpose
  • 1.2 Target Audience
  • 1.3 Organization
  • 1.4 Units in this Document
• Chapter 2 - Coastal Highways
  • 2.1 What are Coastal Highways?
  • 2.2 Estimating the Extent of Coastal Roads and Bridges
  • 2.3 Societal Demand for Coastal Highways
  • 2.4 Natural Coastal Processes Impacting Highways
    • 2.4.1 Water Level Change
    • 2.4.2 Storm Surge
    • 2.4.3 Major Weather Events
    • 2.4.4 Waves
    • 2.4.5 Shoreline Erosion
    • 2.4.6 Littoral Drift
    • 2.4.7 Shoreline Recession
    • 2.4.8 Tsunamis
    • 2.4.9 Upland Runoff
    • 2.4.10 High-Velocity Flows
    • 2.4.11 Other Processes
  • 2.5 Coastal Highway Planning and Design
  • 2.6 Coastal Engineering as a Specialty Area
    • 2.6.1 Education
    • 2.6.2 State-of-Practice
    • 2.6.3 Resources
  • 2.7 Coastal Engineering in the Highway Community

• Part 2 - Principles of Coastal Science & Engineering

  Chapter 3 - Tides, Storm Surge and Water Levels
  • 3.1 Astronomical Tides
    • 3.1.1 Characteristics of Astronomical Tides
    • 3.1.2 Tidal and Survey Datums
  • 3.2 Storm Surge
    • 3.2.1 Modeling Approaches
    • 3.2.2 Design Water Levels
  • 3.3 Sea Level Rise
  • 3.4 Lake Water Level Fluctuations
• Chapter 4 - Waves
  • 4.1 Definitions, Theories, and Properties of Waves
  • 4.2 Wave Transformation and Breaking
  • 4.3 Irregular Waves
    • 4.3.1 Numerical Models
  • 4.4 Wave Generation
  • 4.5 Tsunamis
  • 4.6 Ship Wakes
• Chapter 5 - Coastal Sediment Processes
  • 5.1 Overview of Coastal Geomorphology
  • 5.2 Beach Terminology
  • 5.3 Coastal Sediment Characteristics
  • 5.4 Cross-Shore Sand Transport and Dune Erosion Modeling
  • 5.5 Longshore Sand Transport and Shoreline Change Modeling
  • 5.6 Tidal Inlets
  • 5.7 Physical Models in Coastal Engineering

• Part 3 - Issues and Approaches in Coastal Highway Design

  Chapter 6 - Coastal Revetments for Wave Attacks
  • 6.1 Types of Revetments and Seawalls
  • 6.2 Hudson's Equation for Armor Stone Size
  • 6.3 Design Wave Heights for Revetment Design
  • 6.4 Practical Issues for Coastal Revetment Design
• Chapter 7 - Roads in Areas of Receding Shorelines
  • 7.1 Examples of Issues
  • 7.2 Quantifying Shoreline Change Rates
  • 7.3 Estimating Future Shoreline Positions
    • 7.3.1 Shortcomings of Shoreline Change Assumptions
    • 7.3.2 Sediment Budgets
  • 7.4 Vulnerability Studies for Coastal Roads and Bridges
  • 7.5 Relocation Considerations
    • 7.5.1 Shoreline Stabilization Options
  • 7.6 Coastal Structures
    • 7.6.1 Beach Nourishment
    • 7.6.2 Combining Beach Nourishment with Structures
    • 7.6.3 Non-traditional/Innovative Solutions
  • Chapter 8 - Highway Overwashing
    • 8.1 Description of Issue
    • 8.2 The Coastal Weir-Flow-Damage Mechanism
      • 8.2.1 Coastal Weir-Flow Damage Mechanism Investigations
  • 8.3 Strategies for Roads that Overwash
    • 8.3.1 Road Location Considerations
    • 8.3.2 Road Elevation Considerations
    • 8.3.3 Construction of Sand Dunes
    • 8.3.4 Armoring of Shoulders
• Chapter 9 - Coastal Bridges
  • 9.1 Locations of Coastal Bridges
    • 9.1.1 Bridges at Inlets
    • 9.1.2 Bridge Causeways
    • 9.1.3 Bridges spanning Tidal arms / Embayments
    • 9.1.4 River Mouth Bridge Crossings
  • 9.2 Coastal Bridge Scour
    • 9.2.1 Coastal Bridge Scour Policy, Guidance, and Research
    • 9.2.2 Coastal Bridge Scour Hydrology and Hydraulics
    • 9.2.3 Types of Coastal Bridge Scour
    • 9.2.4 Wave Scour
    • 9.2.5 Examples of Coastal Bridge Scour
  • 9.3 Coastal Bridge Wave Forces
    • Some Specific Damaged Bridges
    • Wave Loads – A Potential Bridge Failure Mechanism
    • Available Literature on Wave Forces and Loads
    • Wave Load Constituents
    • Methods for Estimating Wave Loads on Bridge Decks
    • Wave Load Mitigation: Designs and Countermeasures
  • 9.4 Other Coastal Bridge Issues
  • 9.5 Selection of Design Storm Surge & Design Wave Heights
    • 9.5.1 Design Storm Surge SWL
    • 9.5.2 Design Wave Heights
    • 9.5.3 Coastal Engineer Involvement
• Chapter 10 - References
• Appendix A - Metric System, Conversion Factors, and Water Properties
• Appendix B - Coastal Roadway Study
  • B.1 Study Approach
  • B.2 Application of Reduction Factor
  • B.3 Study Outcomes
  • B.4 Study Caveats
• Appendix C - Estimation of Wave Height and Period
• Appendix D - Scour Policy, Guidance, and Research
  • D.1 Coastal Scour Policy, Guidance, and Research
  • D.2 Coastal Scour Research and Studies
• Appendix E - A Method for Estimating Wave Forces on Bridges
  • E.1 Wave-Induced "Varying" Loads
  • E.2 Impact Loads
  • E.3 Example Application of Wave Load Equations
  • E.4 Discussion of Recommended Method