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FHWA → Environment → Air Quality → Conformity → Training → Outreach

2004 and 2005 Transportation Conformity Rule Amendments Outreach Activities

Session 8: CMAQ and the New Air Quality Standards

CMAQ and the New Air Quality Standards

Air Quality Team, FHWA
Summer, 2004

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Topics

• Background on CMAQ
• CMAQ and the New NAAQS
• CMAQ and Reauthorization
• New Areas and CMAQ Eligibility
• CMAQ Tracking System

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Background on the CMAQ Program

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CMAQ Background

• Created by ISTEA of '91, reauthorized by TEA-21, expected to continue
• Funds transportation projects and programs to help achieve and maintain NAAQS for Ozone, CO, and PM-10
• Jointly administered by FHWA and FTA in consultation with EPA

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CMAQ Overview

• $14.1 billion program under ISTEA and TEA-21
• Apportioned to States based on:
  • Population in ozone and CO areas
  • Severity of the air quality problem
  • All States guaranteed a 0.5% minimum apportionment
• More than $13 Billion invested in 15,000 AQ projects since 1992

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CMAQ Funding by Project Type (FY 1992-2000)

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Flexible Funds for Transit .(FY 1992 - FY 2002)

Cumulative Transfers

• CMAQ $5,051M
• STP $3,464M
• Other $699M
• Total $9,214M

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CMAQ and the New NAAQS

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CMAQ and the New NAAQS

• Underlying Principle of CMAQ $$:
  • Funding should be proportional to AQ problem
• The CMAQ formula is statutory (see 23 USC 104)
  • New areas designated, but not covered by current statute (Title 23)
    • SAFETEA addresses 8-hr ozone, PM2.5

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Air Quality: New Ozone Nonattainment Areas

Attainment and Nonattainment Areas in the US
8-Hour Standard

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Air Quality: Potential PM2.5 Nonattainment Areas

EPA: 244 counties. Designations expected by end of 2004.

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CMAQ and Reauthorization

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Reauthorization of Surface Transportation Funding: SAFETEA

• The last funding Act, TEA-21, covered FY '98 - '03 and sunset 9/30/03.
• Administration proposed SAFETEA in May 2003. . .
  • But Congress has yet to pass a new law
• Current: short-term reauthorizations and continuing resolutions

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CMAQ Authorization Levels

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Funding under 3 bills

• SAFETEA: $8.9 billion for CMAQ ($256 billion total)
• Senate: $13.4 billion ($341 billion)
• House: $9.4 billion ($285 billion)

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More Areas, More Funding??

• More than 120 new counties will be nonattainment for 8-hour ozone
• More than 240 counties projected to be nonattainment for fine PM

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Reauthorization: CMAQ and SAFETEA

• CMAQ Apportionment formula
  • Administration proposed formula changes to adopt new NAAQS
  • Senate (S.1072) adopted our changes
  • House (HR 3550) has not
  • Changes to reflect the new NAAQS are expected, but when?

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TEA-21 Weighting Factors

1-hr O3	Maintenance	0.8
	Submarginal	0.8
	Marginal	1.0
	Moderate	1.1
	Serious	1.2
	Severe	1.3
	Extreme	1.4
CO	Maint	0.8
	Nonatt	1.0
O3	CO Maintenance	1.1 * O3 factor
O3	CO Nonattainment	1.2 * O3 factor

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SAFETEA Weighting Factors

1-hr O3	Maintenance	1.0
	Submarginal	-
	Marginal	1.0
	Moderate	1.1
	Serious	1.2
	Severe	1.3
	Extreme	1.4
CO	Maintenance	1.0
	Nonattainment	1.0
8-hr O3	Maintenance	1.0
	Nonattainment	1.0
PM2.5	Maintenance	1.0
	Nonattainment	1.2
O3	CO Maintenance	1.2 * O3 factor
O3	CO Nonattainment	1.2 * O3 factor
O3	PM2.5	1.0 * 1.2
O3 CO	PM2.5	1.2 * 1.2 * O3 factor

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TEA-21, SAFETEA Differences

		TEA-21	SAFETEA
1-hr O3	Maint	0.8	1.0
CO	Maint	0.8	1.0
8-hr O3	Maint	--	1.0
	Nonatt	--	1.0
PM2.5	Maint	--	1.0
	Nonatt	--	1.2
O3	CO Maint	1.1 * O3	1.2 * O3 factor
O3	PM2.5	--	1.2 * O3 factor
CO	PM2.5	--	1.0 * 1.2
O3 CO PM2.5		--	1.2 * 1.2 * O3

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SAFETEA & New Pollutants

• New 8-hr ozone areas weight=1.0
• New PM2.5 areas weight=1.2
• Multiple pollutants earn extra weight
• 1-hr ozone factors (marginal to extreme) will take precedence in FY05

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Reauthorization Scenarios

1. SAFETEA passes in FY04
2. SAFETEA passes in FY05
3. Wild card- New NAAQS provisions not adopted??

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If SAFETEA (new NAAQS provisions) passes in FY04

• FY05 apportionments would reflect new law
  • 8-hr areas would be included
  • Where 1-hr and 8-hr overlap, 1-hr would take precedence
  • No 1-hr areas removed from CMAQ apportionment formula
  • PM2.5 areas will not be included

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If SAFETEA Passes in FY04

FY2006-2009

• 1-hr ozone std. revoked (expected June 2005)
  • 1-hr areas will be removed from formula
  • 8-hr areas will remain in the formula
• PM2.5 areas designated (expected December 2004)
  • Include in FY06 apportionments

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If SAFETEA passes in FY05

• Initial FY05 apportionments will be made according to TEA-21 formula
  • Leave out 8-hr; PM2.5
• Final FY05 apportionments will be redone once SAFETEA is signed to include 8-hr areas

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Wild card??

• Congress could pass something different
  • Impossible to guess
  OR
• Congress could fail to adopt new NAAQS provisions
  • FY05: 8-hr not included (formula based on 1-hr and CO areas)
  • FY06: 8-hr, PM2.5 not included (formula based on CO only!)

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Even if No Bill is Passed. . .

• New areas can spend CMAQ funds once they have been designated
• However, States will not be apportioned funds for 8-hr / PM2.5 areas without new legislation

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Early Action Compacts

• No statutory basis for including EACs in apportionments-nonattainment is deferred
• No draft bill brings EACs into the formula
• Exception is EACs that are 1-hour ozone maintenance-they remain in the formula

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Former CMAQ Areas

• Areas no longer identified as NA or maintenance are out of the formula and ineligible for CMAQ investment
• Existing CMAQ guidance features some flexibility and transition for these areas
• Updated guidance is under discussion

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New Areas and CMAQ Eligibility

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CMAQ Projects Must

• . . .be a Transportation Project
• . . .in a NA/Mtce area
• . . .that reduces emissions

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CMAQ and Creativity: Examples

• Station Cars/ Car Sharing
  • Boston, Seattle
• HD Diesel Retrofits
  • CA
• Truck Stop Electrification
  • NYC
• Intermodal Freight
  • Ohio, Maine, NYC
• New Fuels - Fuel Cell Buses
  • Chicago, Houston, Atlanta, LA
• ITS - Transit and Road
  • Everywhere
• Public-Pvt. Partnerships
  • Jersey City, Chicago, Atlanta
• Parking Cash Out
  • Glendale
• I/M & Remote Sensing
  • WI, NY, DC, IN, IL, NJ
• Transit-Oriented Dev.
  • Portland, Minneapolis

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Areas New to CMAQ?

MPOs need to develop a CMAQ project selection process

• Involve partners and stakeholders
• Transparent, codified
• Annual CMAQ reports

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Basic CMAQ Eligibility. . .

Eligible projects include:

• transit improvements
• shared ride services
• traffic flow improvements
• demand management
• bicycle and pedestrian projects
• alternative fuels
• inspection and maintenance programs
• freight services
• experimental pilots
• public / private partnerships

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CMAQ Eligibility

• Idle Reduction projects
• Freight projects (intermodal)
  • Rail / truck / barge
• Diesel Retrofit projects
  • On-road: Freight and buses
  • Off-road: construction equipment
    • Conformity credit issue

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Traffic Congestion

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Alternative Fuels

• Biodiesel Projects
  • Yes, but probably not in NOx-limited areas
• Hybrids

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Other Issues

• Operating costs-3 year limit
• Vehicle lease as capital cost
• Increased emphasis on meeting ADA requirements

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CMAQ Reporting Requirements

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CMAQ Tracking System

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CMAQ Tracking System

• Benefits of using the system
  • Standardize data
  • Create reports for your State
• Upload vs. entering individual projects

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Expected Emissions Benefits. (VOC, FY2000)

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http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/air_quality/cmaq/.index.htm

Michael.Koontz@fhwa.dot.gov (CMAQ Coordinator)

Diane.Turchetta@fhwa.dot.gov

Victoria.Martinez@fhwa.dot.gov

Robert.Kafalenos@fhwa.dot.gov

Michael.Savonis@fhwa.dot.gov (AQ Team Leader)

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Questions??