Publications

The list of publications found on this page has been compiled to help provide quick access to valuable references. Here you will find links to publications that provide insight into the planning and decision process common to building a intermodal transportation system that focuses on accessibility and safety.

On this page:

• Legislation and Funding
• Facility Planning
• Facility Design
• Facility Operations
• Education and Training
• Safety
• Additional Publications

Legislation and Funding

• Bicycle and Pedestrian Provisions of the Federal-aid Program (brochure)
  FHWA-PD-98-049
  Explains how Federal funds can be used to provide facilities and programs for bicyclists and pedestrians.

Facility Planning

• The Bicycle Compatibility Index: A Level of Service Concept, Final Report
  FHWA-RD-98-072
  Presents a methodology to determine how compatible a roadway is for allowing efficient operation of both bicycles and motor vehicles.

• A Citizen's Guide to Transportation Decisionmaking
  Explains in layman's terms how transportation projects are developed.

• A Comparative Analysis of Bicycle Lanes Versus Wide Curb Lanes. Final Report
  FHWA-RD-99-034
  Provides a description of the research methodology, data collection procedures, and analysis used to compare the safety and operations of bicycle lanes and wide curb lanes.

• The Effects of Bicycle Accommodations on Bicycle/Motor Vehicle Safety and Traffic Operations
  FHWA-RD-92-069
  Presents the results of research on the operational effects of bicycle and motor vehicle operation on shared roadways. NOTE: This publication is only available through the National Technical Information Service (NTIS). (800) 553-6847 or orders@ntis.fedworld.com.

• Guidebook on Methods to Estimate Nonmotorized Travel: Overview of Methods
  FHWA-RD-98-165
  Describes and compares the various methods and tools that can be used to forecast non-motorized travel demand.

• Guidebook on Methods to Estimate Nonmotorized Travel: Supporting Documentation
  FHWA-RD-98-166
  Gives details on each method, including purpose, structure, input/data needs, assumptions, and real-world applications.

Facility Design

• Accessible Sidewalks and Street Crossings - an informational guide;
  Providing Accessible Sidewalks and Street Crossings Brochure
  These two related documents summarize the information found in Designing Sidewalks and Trails for Access. They focus on some of the emerging accessibility issues and design parameters that affect sidewalk and street crossing design and operation. To order, see http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/ped_bike/walk/order/index.htm.

• The Bicycle Compatibility Index: A Level of Service Concept, Implementation Manual
  FHWA-RD-98-095
  Presents the process for determining the level of service of roadways providing for joint use by motorists and bicyclsits.

• Bicycle Lanes Versus Wide Curb Lanes: Operational and Safety Findings and Countermeasure Recommendations
  FHWA-RD-99-035
  Reports research on the operational effects of both wide curb lanes and marked bicycle lanes.

• Building a True Community: Final Report, Public Rights-of-Way Access Advisory Committee
  Recommends accessibility guidelines for sidewalks, street crossings, and intersections.
  • See also: Revised Draft Guidelines for Accessible Public Rights-of-Way - 11/23/05

• Characteristics of Emerging Road and Trail Users and their Safety
  Design professionals can use the results of this study to design roadway and shared-use path facilities to meet the operational and safety needs of this growing and diverse group of users.

• Designing Sidewalks and Trails for Access, Part 1: Review of Existing Guidelines and Practices
  Provides the state of the practice for applying the American with Disabilities Act and similar requirements to pedestrian facilities

• Designing Sidewalks and Trails for Access, Part 2
  The latest in a series of technical guides issued to the field and State DOTs to assist in integrating the needs of persons with disabilities into bicycle and pedestrian projects. See also:
  • Transmittal Memo
  • Detectable Warnings Memo (July 30, 2004)
  • Detectable Warnings Memo (May 6, 2002)
  • Errata Sheet for August 2001 Printed Report

• Eighth Japan/US Workshop on Advanced Technology in Highway Engineering: Nighttime and Pedestrian Safety
  Presents the results of this workshop on pedestrian safety in reduced lighting conditions.

• The Final Report of the Regulatory Negotiation Committee on Accessibility Guidelines for Outdoor Developed Areas
  Proposes accessibility guidelines under the Americans with Disabilities Act for trails, outdoor recreation access routes, beach access routes, and picnic and camping facilities.

• Flexibility in Highway Design
  FHWA-PD-97-062
  Presents methods of designing facilities that are sensitive to the surrounding environment that still meet accepted design guidelines.

• Geometric Design Practices for European Roads
  FHWA-PL-01-026
  Presents examples of European design practice and operations.

• Implementing Bicycle Improvements at the Local Level
  FHWA-RD-98-105
  Demonstrates what facility designs and operational practices can be used to enhance bicycle travel. Available from the Institute of Transportation Engineers

• Older Pedestrian Characteristics for Use in Highway Design
  FHWA-RD-93-177
  Presents the results of research on the needs of older adults and how these needs can be incorporated into facility designs. NOTE: This publication is only available through the National Technical Information Service (NTIS). (800) 553-6847 or orders@ntis.fedworld.com.

• Rails with Trails: Lessons Learned, Literature Review, Current Practices, Conclusions
  A research report about trails located near railroad and transit rights-of-way.
  • FHWA Distribution Memorandum

• Safety Effects of Marked Vs Unmarked Crosswalks at Uncontrolled Locations
  FHWA-RD-01-075
  Presents the results of research on the relationship of roadway and traffic characteristics and the type of roadway crossing that should be provided for pedestrians.

• Selecting Roadway Design Treatments to Accommodate Bicycles
  FHWA-RD-92-073
  Presents a methodology for selecting the most appropriate type of on- road bicycle facility.

Facility Operations

• Capacity Analysis of Pedestrian and Bicycle Facilities
  FHWA-RD-98-108
  Documents the research to determine the updated capacity analysis methodology for the Highway Capacity Manual. Recommended Procedures for the "Bicycles" Chapter of the Highway Capacity Manual.

• Capacity Analysis of Pedestrian and Bicycle Facilities
  FHWA-RD-98-107
  Recommends procedures for the "Pedestrians" Chapter of the Highway Capacity Manual

• Capacity Analysis of Pedestrian and Bicycle Facilities
  FHWA-RD-98-106
  Recommends Procedures for the "Signalized Intersections" Chapter of the Highway Capacity Manual

• Conflicts on Multiple-Use Trails (Out of Print)
  FHWA-PD-94-031
  Presents a series of principles for more effective operations of multi use trails.

• Traffic Calming: State of the Practice
  FHWA-RD-99-135
  Summarizes the various methods used to either slow or divert motor vehicle traffic. Published by the Institute of Transportation Engineers.

• Traffic Operations Control for Older Drivers and Pedestrians
  FHWA-RD-95-169
  Offers guidelines on roadway and traffic control device use by older drivers and pedestrians.

Education and Training

• University Course
  Provides current information on pedestrian and bicycle planning and design techniques, as well as practical lessons on how to increase bicycling and walking through land-use practices and engineering design.

Safety

• An Analysis of Factors Contributing to "Walking Along Roadway" Crashes: Research Study and Guidelines for Sidewalks and Walkways.
  This study was conducted to determine the roadway, traffic, and socio-economic factors related to pedestrian "walking along roadway" crashes involving motor vehicles.

• Bicycle Crash Types - A 1990s Informational Guide - (web title: Crash-Type Manual for Bicyclists)
  FHWA-RD-96-104
  Updates an earlier research report on crash typing and countermeasure selection for bicyclists.

• Bicycle Safer Journey
  A virtual journey designed to increase our awareness of bicycle safety. Its use is intended for the general public, road user, safety advocates, and safety.

• Canadian Research on Pedestrian Safety
  FHWA-RD-99-090
  Synthesizes Canadian research in the area of pedestrian safety focused on six specific areas of investigation.

• Dutch Pedestrian Safety Research Review
  FHWA-RD-99-092
  Reviews of recent pedestrian safety research in the Netherlands. It addresses several topics, reporting findings and providing a comprehensive list of references.

• Good Practices Guide for Bicycle Safety Education
  FHWA-SA-02-001
  A guide to developing your own bicycle education program or selecting the most effective program for your needs.

• In-Roadway Warning Lighting Research
  FHWA is testing in-pavement flashing warning lights at a pedestrian crossing in a Virginia community.

• National Strategies for Advancing Bicycle Safety (June 2001)
  A call to action to improve bicycle safety with five critical goals and 18 specific action items.

• National Strategies for Advancing Child Pedestrian Safety (October 2001)
  Proposes strategies intended to be used by anyone interested in reducing pedestrian injuries among children, while encouraging them to explore their environment by walking.

• Pedestrian and Bicycle Crash Types of the Early 1990s. Out of print
  FHWA-RD-95-163.
  A technical summary of a study updating crash categorization methodology.

• Pedestrian Safety Campaign
  A ready-made toolkit of safety related outreach materials that States and communities can customize and use locally.

• Pedestrian Safety in Australia
  FHWA-RD-99-093
  Reviews of recent pedestrian safety research in Australia. It addresses several topics, reporting findings and providing a comprehensive list of references.

• Pedestrian Bicycle Crash Analysis Tool (PBCAT)
  FHWA-RD-99-093
  Software product intended to assist state and local pedestrian and bicycle coordinators, planners, and engineers in addressing pedestrian and bicyclist crash problems.

• Pedestrian Safety in Sweden
  FHWA-RD-99-091
  Reviews recent pedestrian safety research in Sweden, and provides a comprehensive list of references.

• Pedestrian Safety Guide and Countermeasure Selection System
  FHWA-SA-04-003
  This report provides information on 47 engineering countermeasures or treatments, along with education and enforcement programs, that may be implemented to improve pedestrian safety and mobility.

• Research, Development, and Implementation of Pedestrian Safety Facilities in the United Kingdom
  FHWA-RD-99-089
  Reviews recent pedestrian safety research in the United Kingdom, and summarizes the state of the practice.

• Safety Effects of Marked vs Unmarked Crosswalks at Uncontrolled Locations
  This study involved an analysis of 5 years of pedestrian crashes at 1,000 marked crosswalks and 1,000 matched unmarked comparison sites.

• Safer Journey CD
  An interactive CD that takes the user through various pedestrian safety scenarios encountered every day by pedestrians.

Hispanic Pedestrian & Bicycle Safety

A series of reports that scope the size and nature of the Hispanic ped/bike safety problem in the U.S. is available through the Office of Safety. Materials to address these safety problems are also available.

• Final Detailed Findings Report for Marketing Plan and Outreach Materials that Promote Pedestrian and Bicyclist Safety to Different Hispanic Populations in the United States

• The Pedestrian and Bicyclist Highway Safety Problem As It Relates to the Hispanic Population in the United States

• Report of Focus Group Discussions in Washington, New York, Miami, and Los Angeles

• Promoting Pedestrian and Bicyclist Safety to Hispanic Audiences

• Materials for Hispanic Pedestrians and Bicyclists

Additional Publications

• Bicycle and Pedestrian Data: Sources, Needs, and Gaps
  BTS00-02
  Reports the results of what data is available and what is need on bicycling and walking.

• Bicycling and Walking in the Nineties and Beyond: Applying Scandinavian Experience to America's Challenges
  FHWA-PL-95-005
  Reports on the results of a scanning trip to investigate effective programs and policies for bicycling and walking in northern Scandinavian countries. NOTE: This publication is only available through the National Technical Information Service (NTIS). (800) 553-6847 or orders@ntis.fedworld.com.

• Bike to Work in the DC Area: Safety Tips, Rules & Specific Laws
  FHWA-PD-95-025
  A brochure developed for bicycle commuting in the Washington DC metropolitan area. NOTE: This publication is only available through the National Technical Information Service (NTIS). (800) 553-6847 or orders@ntis.fedworld.com.

• FHWA Study Tour for Pedestrian and Bicyclists Safety in England, Germany, and the Netherlands
  FHWA-PL-95-006
  Reports on a scanning trip of Northern European nations to exchange technical information on effective bicycle and pedestrian programs. http://ntl.bts.gov/DOCS/bikeped.html or www.ite.org

• Freedom to Travel
  A report from the Bureau of Transportation Statistics on the travel needs for people with disabilities.

• National Bicycling and Walking Study (1994) - Out of print
  Developed a national plan of action to increase the use and safety of bicycling and walking in the United States.
  • Five Year Status Report - 1999
    Presents the progress made in the first five years in implementing the Federal action plan of this national study.
  • Ten Year Status Report - 2004
    A progress report on the Federal Action Plan of the National Bicycling and Walking Study has been prepared and is available here.

• Pedestrian and Bicyclist Standards and Innovations in Large Central Cities
  The report reviews how best to accommodate the use of bicycles and walking while ensuring safety and sufficient mobility for motor vehicles for large central cities and provides examples of best practices in various cities nationally and internationally.

• Pedestrian Forum newsletter
  A quarterly newsletter focusing on topics on how to improve conditions for bicycling and walking and to make them safer ways to travel.