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| FHWA > HfL > Projects > South Carolina Demonstration Project: Black River Bridge Replacements on SC 377 in Williamsburg County |
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The purpose of the Highways for LIFE (HfL) pilot program is to accelerate the use of innovations that improve highway safety and quality while reducing congestion caused by construction. LIFE is an acronym for Longer–lasting highway infrastructure using Innovations to accomplish the Fast construction of Efficient and safe highways and bridges.
Specifically, HfL focuses on speeding up the widespread adoption of proven innovations in the highway community. "Innovations" is an inclusive term used by HfL to encompass technologies, materials, tools, equipment, procedures, specifications, methodologies, processes, and practices used to finance, design, or construct highways. HfL is based on the recognition that innovations are available that, if widely and rapidly implemented, would result in significant benefits to road users and highway agencies.
Although innovations themselves are important, HfL is as much about changing the highway community's culture from one that considers innovation something that only adds to the workload, delays projects, raises costs, or increases risk to one that sees it as an opportunity to provide better highway transportation service. HfL is also an effort to change the way highway community decisionmakers and participants perceive their jobs and the service they provide.
The HfL pilot program, described in Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA–LU) Section 1502, includes funding for demonstration construction projects. By providing incentives for projects, HfL promotes improvements in safety, construction–related congestion, and quality that can be achieved through the use of performance goals and innovations. This report documents one such HfL demonstration project.
Additional information on the HfL program is at www.fhwa.dot.gov/hfl.
This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The U.S. Government assumes no liability for its contents or use thereof. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation.
The U.S. Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade and manufacturers' names appear in this report only because they are considered essential to the object of the document.
| 1. Report No. | 2. Government Accession No. | 3. Recipient's Catalog No. | |
| 4. Title and Subtitle South Carolina Demonstration Project: Black River Bridge Replacements on SC 377 in Williamsburg County |
5. Report Date June 2010 |
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| 6. Performing Organization Code | |||
| 7. Author(s) Jagannath Mallela, Paul Littleton, P.E., and Gary Hoffman, P.E., R.L.S.,. |
8. Performing Organization Report No. | ||
| 9. Performing Organization Name and Address Applied Research Associates, Inc. 100 Trade Centre Drive, Suite 200 Champaign, IL 61820 |
10. Work Unit No.(TRAIS) C6B | ||
| 11. Contract or Grant No. | |||
| 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address Office of Infrastructure Federal Highway Administration 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE Washington, DC 20590 |
13. Type of Report and Period Covered: |
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| 14. Sponsoring Agency Code | |||
| 15. Supplementary Notes Contracting Officers Technical Representatives: Byron Lord, Mary Huie |
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| 16. Abstract
As part of a national initiative sponsored by the Federal Highway Administration under the Highways for LIFE program, the South Carolina Department of Transportation (SCDOT) was awarded a $1 million grant to demonstrate the use of proven, innovative technologies for accelerated bridge replacement. This report documents the contracting methods and construction techniques used to replace four consecutive bridges over the Black River in Williamsburg County. This report includes construction details of A+B+C contract bidding with built-in no-excuse incentives and precast bridge beams made with self-consolidating concrete used to replace the existing bridges rapidly, safely, and with less negative impact on the traveling public than using conventional construction methods. Under conventional construction, the impact of this project on travelers was estimated at 28 months, but with the use of innovative contracting and construction methods, the impact was reduced to 14 months. This is a 50 percent reduction in the time required to complete the project. In addition, the contractor finished the bridge portion of the project in about 180 days, 185 days sooner than the maximum allowable time set by SCDOT or 50 percent sooner than projected. Using innovative contracting techniques added an estimated $1.5 million to the initial construction cost of the project, compared with the trailing bid for this project. However, a more comprehensive economic analysis that included a closer look at the construction cost shows that the project potentially saved highway users about $6.9 million (or about 40 percent of the total $17.1 million project costs). Because of the success of this project, SCDOT plans to encourage project managers to apply these contracting methods to future projects. |
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| 17. Key Words A+B+C contracting, Highways for LIFE, no-excuse incentives, performance-based contracting, prefabricated bridge elements and systems, self-consolidating concrete |
18. Distribution Statement No restriction. This document is available to the public through the National Technical Information Service |
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| 19. Security Classif. (of this page) Unclassified |
20. No. of Pages 45 |
21. Price | |
Form DOT F 1700.7 (8–72) Reproduction of completed page authorized
| APPROXIMATE CONVERSIONS TO SI UNITS | APPROXIMATE CONVERSIONS FROM SI UNITS | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Symbol | When You Know | Multiply By | To Find | Symbol | Symbol | When You Know | Multiply By | To Find | Symbol |
| LENGTH | LENGTH | ||||||||
| in | inches | 25.4 | millimeters | mm | mm | millimeters | 0.039 | inches | in |
| ft | feet | 0.305 | meters | m | m | meters | 3.28 | feet | ft |
| yd | yards | 0.914 | meters | m | m | meters | 1.09 | yards | yd |
| mi | miles | 1.61 | kilometers | km | km | kilometers | 0.621 | miles | mi |
| AREA | AREA | ||||||||
| in2 | square inches | 645.2 | square millimeters | mm2 | mm2 | square millimeters | 0.0016 | square inches | in2 |
| ft2 | square feet | 0.093 | square meters | m2 | m2 | square meters | 10.764 | square feet | ft2 |
| yd2 | square yards | 0.836 | square meters | m2 | m2 | square meters | 1.195 | square yards | ac |
| ac | acres | 0.405 | hectares | ha | ha | hectares | 2.47 | acres | mi2 |
| mi2 | square miles | 2.59 | square kilometers | km2 | km2 | square kilometers | 0.386 | square miles | |
| VOLUME | VOLUME | ||||||||
| fl oz | fluid ounces | 29.57 | milliliters | ml | ml | milliliters | 0.034 | fluid ounces | fl oz |
| gal | gallons | 3.785 | liters | l | l | liters | 0.264 | gallons | gal |
| ft3 | cubic feet | 0.028 | cubic meters | m3 | m3 | cubic meters | 35.71 | cubic feet | ft3 |
| yd3 | cubic yards | 0.765 | cubic meters | m3 | m3 | cubic meters | 1.307 | cubic yard | yd3 |
| NOTE: Volumes greater than 1000 l shall be shown in m3 | |||||||||
| MASS | MASS | ||||||||
| oz | ounces | 28.35 | grams | g | g | grams | 0.035 | ounces | oz |
| lb | pounds | 0.454 | kilograms | kg | kg | kilograms | 2.202 | pounds | lb |
| T | short tons (2000 lb) | 0.907 | megagrams | Mg | Mg | megagrams | 1.103 | short tons (2000 lb) | T |
| TEMPERATURE (exact degrees) | TEMPERATURE (exact degrees) | ||||||||
| °F | Fahrenheit | 5(F–32)/9 or (F–32)/1.8 | Celcius | °C | °C | Celsius | 1.8C +32 | Fahrenheit | °F |
| ILLUMINATION | ILLUMINATION | ||||||||
| fc | foot–candles | 10.76 | lux | l | lx | lux | 0.0929 | foot–candles | fc |
| fl | foot–Lamberts | 3.426 | candela/m2 | cd/m2 | cd/m2 | candela/m2 | 0.2919 | foot–Lamberts | fl |
| FORCE and PRESSURE or STRESS | FORCE and PRESSURE or STRESS | ||||||||
| lbg | pounds | 4.45 | newtons | N | N | newtons | 0.225 | poundforce | lbf |
| lb/in2 | pound per square inch | 6.89 | kilopascals | kPa | kPa | kilopascals | 0.145 | poundforce per square inch | ib/in2(psi) |
| k/in2 | klps per square inch | 6.89 | megaPascals | mPa | MPa | megaPascals | 0.145 | klps per square inch | k/in2(ips) |
| DENSITY | DENSITY | ||||||||
| ib/ft3(pcf) | pounds per cubic foot | 16.02 | kilograms per cubic meter | kg/m3 | kg/m3 | pounds per cubic foot | 0.062 | kilograms per cubic meter | ib/ft3(pcf) |
The project team would like to acknowledge the invaluable insights and guidance of Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Highways for LIFE Team Leader Byron Lord and Program Coordinators Mary Huie and Kathleen Bergeron, who served as the technical panel on this demonstration project. Their vast knowledge and experience with the various aspects of construction, technology deployment, and technology transfer helped immensely in developing both the approach and the technical matter for this document. The team also is indebted to South Carolina Department of Transportation Engineers Jason Thompson, Randy Cannon, and Bener Amado for their tireless assistance and coordination during this project.
| AASHTO | American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials |
|---|---|
| AADT | annual average daily traffic |
| dB(A) | A–weighted decibel |
| DOT | Department of Transportation |
| FHWA | Federal Highway Administration |
| HfL | Highways for LIFE |
| HMA | hot-mix asphalt |
| Hz | hertz |
| IRI | International Roughness Index |
| MDSHA | Maryland State Highway Authority |
| OBSI | onboard sound intensity |
| OSHA | Occupational Safety and Health Administration |
| PBES | Reinforced Concrete Deck Girder |
| RSA | road safety audit |
| SAFETEA-LU | Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users |
| SCC | self-consolidating concrete |
| SCDOT | South Carolina Department of Transportation |
| SI | sound intensity |
| SRTT | standard reference test tire |
| USC | University of South Carolina |
| VOC | vehicle operating costs |
Mary Huie
Highways for LIFE
202-366-3039
mary.huie@dot.gov