Value pricing encompasses a variety of strategies to manage congestion on highways, including both tolling of highway facilities as well as other strategies not involving tolls. There are five types of pricing projects implemented or under consideration in the U.S., including four types of pricing strategies (identified as A through D below) and one type of project (identified as E below) that can cover all four types of pricing strategies:

A. New tolls on existing toll-free facilities (usually electronically-collected), including:

• Tolls for vehicles not meeting occupancy requirements on High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) lanes;
• "Cordon tolls" around a designated area, or area pricing; and
• Tolls on one or more general purpose lanes, with toll credits provided on adjacent lanes, a concept known as "FAIR" lanes.

B. Tolls on lanes added to existing highways (usually electronically-collected), including:

• Tolls on new general purpose lanes;
• Tolls on new HOV lanes for vehicles not meeting occupancy requirements; and
• Tolls on "Queue Bypass" lanes added to arterial streets at intersections.

C. Variable tolls (usually electronically-collected) on existing and new toll roads, bridges, and tunnels that are collected via an electronic transponder;

D. Pricing strategies that do not involve tolls, including:

• Usage-based vehicle charges, including mileage-based charges for insurance, taxes, or leasing fees; and car sharing.
• "Cash-out" of employer provided parking spaces or cars owned by urban residents.

E. Region-wide pricing initiatives within metropolitan areas attempting to identify candidates for implementation of pilot pricing projects.

A listing of projects by type is provided in the next web link. It should be noted that the list includes current Value Pricing Pilot Program participants, as well as those that have made significant progress in their efforts and have expressed interest in participating in the Program. More information on each project is provided after the table, by type of project.

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United States Department of Transportation - Federal Highway Administration