Indiana Department of Transportation SEP 14 Report Alternate Pavement Type
Appendix D US 31 (IR-30889)
Eight (8) Contractors participated in the bidding (7 PCCP options and 2 HMA options were bid) and all bids were below the engineer's estimate. One (1) Contractor participated in both pavement types pay options. In this contract, there were four pay item options as follows:
- PCCP option on US 31 mainline, shoulders and ramps.
- HMA option on US 31 mainline, shoulders and ramps.
- PCCP option on US 35/SR 22/Markland Avenue.
- HMA option on US 35/SR 22/Markland Avenue.
The Contractor could bid on the following combinations:
- Section 1 & 3
- Section 1 & 4
- Section 2 & 3
- Section 2 & 4
All bids were either a and/or d.
INDOT provided the following pavement design thickness for this project:
- US 31 mainline and shoulders
- 10 inches of PCCP with Composite HMA shoulder (4.5 inches HMA on 6 inches of Compacted Aggregate) or
- 14 inches of HMA with Composite HMA shoulder (6 inches HMA on 8 inches of Compacted Aggregate)
- US 35/SR 22 ramps
- 8 inches of PCCP or
- 12.5 inches of HMA
- US 35/SR 22/Markland Avenue
- 9 inches of PCCP or
- 13.5 inches of HMA
Bid Analysis Summary
Bidders | Initial Bid | PW Cost for PCCP | Bid Analysis | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | $31,505,064.88 | + | $1,271,495.00 | = | $32,776,559.88 |
B | $31,551,160.94 | + | $1,271,495.00 | = | $32,822,655.94 |
C | $31,701,584.64 | + | $1,271,495.00 | = | $32,973,079.64 |
D | $32,811,312.88 | + | $1,271,495.00 | = | $34,082,807.88 |
F | $33,528,027.23 | + | $1,271,495.00 | = | $34,799,522.23 |
G | $34,923,621.84 | + | $1,271,495.00 | = | $36,195,116.84 |
H | $35,988,069.42 | + | $1,271,495.00 | = | $37,259,564.42 |
Bidders | Initial Bid | PW Cost for HMA | Bid Analysis | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
E | $32,639,521.93 | + | $2,060,540.00 | = | $34,700,061.93 |
F | $33,868,397.42 | + | $2,060,540.00 | = | $35,928,937.42 |
Bidders | Initial Bid | PW Cost for PCCP | Bid Analysis | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | $7,387,466.06 | + | $515,677.00 | = | $7,903,143.06 |
C | $7,452,787.84 | + | $515,677.00 | = | $7,968,464.84 |
A | $7,804,387.66 | + | $515,677.00 | = | $8,320,064.66 |
H | $7,906,937.29 | + | $515,677.00 | = | $8,422,614.29 |
G | $7,969,370.16 | + | $515,677.00 | = | $8,485,047.16 |
F | $8,152,610.83 | + | $515,677.00 | = | $8,668,287.83 |
D | $8,167,795.12 | + | $515,677.00 | = | $8,683,472.12 |
Bidders | Initial Bid | PW Cost for HMA | Bid Analysis | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
F | $8,005,183.04 | + | $797,518.00 | = | $8,802,701.04 |
E | $8,320,017.25 | + | $797,518.00 | = | $9,117,535.25 |
Bidders | US 31 | US 35/SR 22 | Bid Analysis | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | $32,822,655.94 | + | $7,903,143.06 | = | $40,725.799.00 |
C | $32,973,079.64 | + | $7,968,464.84 | = | $40,941,544.48 |
A | $32,776,559.88 | + | $8,320,064.66 | = | $41,096,624.54 |
D | $34,082,807.88 | + | $8,683,472.12 | = | $42,766,280.00 |
G | $36,195,116.84 | + | $8,485,047.16 | = | $44,680,164.00 |
H | $37,259,564.42 | + | $8,422,614.29 | = | $45,682,178.71 |
F | $34,799,522.23 | + | $8,668,287.83 | = | $43,467,810.06 |
Bidders | US 31 | US 35/SR 22 | Bid Analysis | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
E | $34,700,061.93 | + | $9,117,535.25 | = | $43,817,597.18 |
F | $35,928,937.42 | + | $8,802,701.04 | = | $44,731,638.46 |
The low bid amount for this contract was decided after adding respective combinations of US 31 and US 35/SR 22 pay items options. The low bid amount, out of all 8 bids, was for PCCP pay items option (Bidder B) and after adding PW cost of PCCP and HMA of US 31 and US 35/SR 22 to the respective combinations of pavement type options, PCCP option was also the low bid (Bidder B). PCCP pay items option was awarded for this contract.
INDOT compared the estimated cost with actual low bid costs of both pavement types. The following table shows the cost comparison with low bid of those pavement items that were relative to the mainline pavements and relative to this alternate bid for pavement type. All other items in the bids were common to both types of pavement. Shoulders and other "S" Lines are to be HMA.
Bid Item | Bid Quantities | Estimat ed Cost of Item Per Unit | Low Bid Cost of Item Per Unit | Range of Bid Costs of Item Per Unit | Average Bid Cost of Item Per Unit | HMA or PCCP Option |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
QC/QA PCCP, 10 IN. | 91,709 yd2 | $28.51 | $23.47 | $23.11 - $29.88 | $25.03 | PCCP |
QC/QA PCCP, 9 IN. | 55,145 yd2 | $27.34 | $25.10 | $23.25 - $30.00 | $26.12 | PCCP |
QC/QA PCCP, 8 IN. | 25,511 yd2 | $26.29 | $20.40 | $20.40 - $29.00 | $23.93 | PCCP |
Subbase for PCCP | 50,518 yd3 | $30.63 | $21.39 | $21.00 - $35.00 | $27.03 | PCCP |
D-1 Contraction Joint | 91,499 ft | $8.65 | $8.08 | $6.70 - $10.70 | $8.12 | PCCP |
QC/QA-HMA, 4, 70, Surface | 8,696 TON | $70.51 | $82.91 | $67.50 - $82.91* | $75.20 | HMA |
QC/QA-HMA, 3, 70, Surface | 6,506 TON | $67.54 | $63.82 | $63.82 - $70.00 | $66.33 | HMA |
QC/QA-HMA, 4, 70, Intermediate | 14,586 TON | $49.40 | $73.45 | $48.50 - $73.45* | $60.97 | HMA |
QC/QA-HMA, 3, 70, Intermediate | 10,834 TON | $53.10 | $48.84 | $48.84 - $62.45 | $53.32 | HMA |
QC/QA-HMA, 4, 64, Base | 41,319 TON | $48.10 | $71.45 | $43.00 - $71.45* | $57.22 | HMA |
QC/QA-HMA, 3, 64, Base | 29,061 TON | $47.90 | $37.28 | $37.28 - $49.00 | $43.65 | HMA |
QC/QA-HMA, 5, 76, Intermediate, OG | 28,709 TON | $54.00 | $56.48 | $43.00 - $56.48* | $50.02 | HMA |
* Bidder E was significantly and consistently higher on almost all HMA items.
The above table shows that pavement item bids are lower than the estimates used in the evaluation. This indicates that a true cost saving was realized by INDOT in this process.
The table below compares some common HMA items found in both PCCP and HMA options to check for unbalanced bids. These bids appear to be consistent and no anomalies were found.
Bid Item | Bid Quantitie s | Low Bid Cost of Item Per Unit | Range of Bid Costs of Item Per Unit | Average Bid Cost of Item Per Unit | HMA or PCCP Bid |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
HMA Surface, Type A | 75 TON | $85.00 | $70.00 - $85.00 | $82.85 | PCCP |
HMA Surface, Type A | 75 TON | $84.41 | $84.41 - $85.00 | $84.70 | HMA |
HMA Surface, Type C | 565 TON | $84.00 | $82.00 - $84.00 | $83.71 | PCCP |
HMA Surface, Type C | 565 TON | $79.76 | $79.76- $84.00 | $81.88 | HMA |
HMA Intermediate, Type A | 124 TON | $65.00 | $64.00 - $65.00 | $64.85 | PCCP |
HMA Intermediate, Type A | 124 TON | $61.30 | $61.30 - $65.00 | $63.15 | HMA |
HMA Intermediate, Type C | 503 TON | $65.00 | $65.00 - $66.00 | $65.14 | PCCP |
HMA Intermediate, Type C | 503 TON | $51.96 | $51.00 - $65.00 | $58.48 | HMA |
HMA Base, Type C | 265 TON | $50.00 | $50.00 - $73.00 | $53.28 | PCCP |
HMA Base, Type C | 265 TON | $51.55 | $50.00 - $51.55 | $50.77 | HMA |
Conclusion
INDOT saved the tax payers approximately $1,951,912.18 immediately, at the bid opening, (HMA Low Bid - PCCP Low Bid). Using the Bid Analysis amounts (after PW costs applied); INDOT saved the tax payers approximately $3,022,798.18 over the 50 year service life of the pavement. These savings include the reduction of INDOT's consultant cost of $69,000.00 for producing two sets of typical plan sheets and quantities. The inhouse costs for INDOT were determined negligible.
The PW cost for future maintenance did not impact the bid and which contractor received the contract. INDOT believes using this process of alternate bids for pavement type selection on this project was very successful.
PW of Future Maintenance of the Pavement IR-30889 (US 31)
PW of PCCP Option (US 31 & Ramps, Section 1) = $1,271,495.00
PW of HMA Option (US 31 & Ramps, Section 2) = $2,060,540.00
PW of PCCP Option (US 35, Section 3) = $515,677.00
PW of HMA Option (US 35, Section 4) = $797,518.00
Age in Years | Rehab. | Cost $ | Present Worth Cost $ |
---|---|---|---|
3 | Joint Seal | 115,061.00 | $102,288.81 |
6 | Joint Seal | 115,061.00 | $90,934.38 |
9 | Joint Seal | 115,061.00 | $80,840.33 |
12 | Joint Seal | 115,061.00 | $71,866.76 |
15 | Joint Seal | 115,061.00 | $63,889.29 |
18 | Joint Seal | 115,061.00 | $56,797.35 |
20 | Mill and Functional Overlay | 2,331,065.00 | $1,063,867.64 |
23 | Joint Seal | 115,061.00 | $46,683.28 |
26 | Joint Seal | 115,061.00 | $41,501.26 |
29 | Joint Seal | 115,061.00 | $36,894.47 |
32 | Joint Seal | 115,061.00 | $32,799.05 |
35 | Mill and Resurface | 1,122,717.00 | $284,513.86 |
38 | Joint Seal | 115,061.00 | $25,921.57 |
41 | Joint Seal | 115,061.00 | $23,044.18 |
44 | Joint Seal | 115,061.00 | $20,486.19 |
47 | Joint Seal | 115,061.00 | $18,212.15 |
Total HMA PW Cost $2,060,540.56 |
Age in Years | Rehab. | Cost $ | Present Worth Cost $ |
---|---|---|---|
8 | Reseal the Joint | 123,171.00 | $89,999.84 |
16 | Reseal the Joint | 123,171.00 | $65,762.00 |
24 | Reseal the Joint | 123,171.00 | $48,051.65 |
30 | Mill and Functional Overlay | 2,350,638.00 | $724,745.58 |
33 | Joint Seal | 115,061.00 | $31,537.55 |
36 | Joint Seal | 115,061.00 | $28,036.77 |
39 | Joint Seal | 115,061.00 | $24,924.58 |
42 | Mill and Resurface | 1,148,787.00 | $221,227.58 |
45 | Joint Seal | 115,061.00 | $19,698.26 |
48 | Joint Seal | 115,061.00 | $17,511.68 |
Total PCCP PW Cost $1,271,495.50 |
PW = F [1/(1+i)n]
Where: F = Future Construction Cost
i = Discount rate (4%)
n = Number of years from year zero
Age in Years | Rehab. | Cost $ | Present Worth Cost $ |
---|---|---|---|
3 | Joint Seal | 49,782.00 | $44,256.02 |
6 | Joint Seal | 49,782.00 | $39,343.44 |
9 | Joint Seal | 49,782.00 | $34,976.17 |
12 | Joint Seal | 49,782.00 | $31,093.69 |
15 | Joint Seal | 49,782.00 | $27,642.18 |
18 | Joint Seal | 49,782.00 | $24,573.80 |
20 | Mill and Functional Overlay | 849,266.00 | $387,593.92 |
23 | Joint Seal | 49,782.00 | $20,197.87 |
26 | Joint Seal | 49,782.00 | $17,955.83 |
29 | Joint Seal | 49,782.00 | $15,962.67 |
32 | Joint Seal | 49,782.00 | $14,190.75 |
35 | Mill and Resurface | 401,726.00 | $101,803.58 |
38 | Joint Seal | 49,782.00 | $11,215.16 |
41 | Joint Seal | 49,782.00 | $9,970.24 |
44 | Joint Seal | 49,782.00 | $8,863.50 |
47 | Joint Seal | 49,782.00 | $7,879.62 |
Total HMA PW Cost $797,518.43 |
Age in Years | Rehab. | Cost $ | Present Worth Cost $ |
---|---|---|---|
8 | Reseal the Joint | 68,976.00 | $50,400.09 |
16 | Reseal the Joint | 68,976.00 | $36,826.85 |
24 | Reseal the Joint | 68,976.00 | $26,909.02 |
30 | Mill and Functional Overlay | 870,391.00 | $268,357.79 |
33 | Joint Seal | 49,782.00 | $13,644.96 |
36 | Joint Seal | 49,782.00 | $12,130.32 |
39 | Joint Seal | 49,782.00 | $10,783.81 |
42 | Mill and Resurface | 418,152.00 | $80,525.59 |
45 | Joint Seal | 49,782.00 | $8,522.60 |
48 | Joint Seal | 49,782.00 | $7,576.56 |
Total PCCP PW Cost $515,677.58 |
PW = F [1/(1+i)n]
Where: F = Future Construction Cost
i = Discount rate (4%)
n = Number of years from year zero
Total Cost | Alternative 1: 10 inches PCCP | Alternative 2: 14 inches HMA | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Agency Cost ($1000) | User Cost ($1000) | Agency Cost ($1000) | User Cost ($1000) | |
Undiscounted Sum | $4,444.24 | $0.00 | $5,064.64 | $0.00 |
Present Value | $1,271.50 | $0.00 | $2,060.54 | $0.00 |
EUAC | $59.19 | $0.00 | $95.92 | $0.00 |
Lowest Present Value Agency Cost | Alternative 1: 10 inches PCCP | |||
Lowest Present Value User Cost | Alternative 1: 10 inches PCCP |
Year | Alternative 1: 10 inches PCCP | Alternative 2: 14 inches HMA | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Agency Cost ($1000) | User Cost ($1000) | Agency Cost ($1000) | User Cost ($1000) | |
0 | ||||
1 | ||||
2 | ||||
3 | $115.06 | |||
4 | ||||
5 | ||||
6 | $115.06 | |||
7 | ||||
8 | $123.17 | |||
9 | $115.06 | |||
10 | ||||
11 | ||||
12 | $115.06 | |||
13 | ||||
14 | ||||
15 | $115.06 | |||
16 | $123.17 | |||
17 | ||||
18 | $115.06 | |||
19 | ||||
20 | $2,331.06 | |||
21 | ||||
22 | ||||
23 | $115.06 | |||
24 | $123.17 | |||
25 | ||||
26 | $115.06 | |||
27 | ||||
28 | ||||
29 | $115.06 | |||
30 | $2,350.64 | |||
31 | ||||
32 | $115.06 | |||
33 | $115.06 | |||
34 | ||||
35 | $1,122.72 | |||
36 | $115.06 | |||
37 | ||||
38 | $115.06 | |||
39 | $115.06 | |||
40 | ||||
41 | $115.06 | |||
42 | $1,148.79 | |||
43 | ||||
44 | $115.06 | |||
45 | $115.06 | |||
46 | ||||
47 | $115.06 | |||
48 | $115.06 | |||
49 | ||||
50 |
Total Cost | Alternative 1: 9 inches PCCP | Alternative 2: 13.5 inches HMA | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Agency Cost ($1000) | User Cost ($1000) | Agency Cost ($1000) | User Cost ($1000) | |
Undiscounted Sum | $1,744.38 | $0.00 | $1,947.94 | $0.00 |
Present Value | $515.68 | $0.00 | $797.52 | $0.00 |
EUAC | $24.00 | $0.00 | $37.12 | $0.00 |
Lowest Present Value Agency Cost | Alternative 1: 9 inches PCCP | |||
Lowest Present Value User Cost | Alternative 1: 9 inches PCCP |
Year | Alternative 1: 9 inches PCCP | Alternative 2: 13.5 inches HMA | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Agency Cost ($1000) | User Cost ($1000) | Agency Cost ($1000) | User Cost ($1000) | |
0 | ||||
1 | ||||
2 | ||||
3 | $49.78 | |||
4 | ||||
5 | ||||
6 | $49.78 | |||
7 | ||||
8 | $68.98 | |||
9 | $49.78 | |||
10 | ||||
11 | ||||
12 | $49.78 | |||
13 | ||||
14 | ||||
15 | $49.78 | |||
16 | $68.98 | |||
17 | ||||
18 | $49.78 | |||
19 | ||||
20 | $849.27 | |||
21 | ||||
22 | ||||
23 | $49.78 | |||
24 | $68.98 | |||
25 | ||||
26 | $49.78 | |||
27 | ||||
28 | ||||
29 | $49.78 | |||
30 | $870.39 | |||
31 | ||||
32 | $49.78 | |||
33 | $49.78 | |||
34 | ||||
35 | $401.73 | |||
36 | $49.78 | |||
37 | ||||
38 | $49.78 | |||
39 | $49.78 | |||
40 | ||||
41 | $49.78 | |||
42 | $418.15 | |||
43 | ||||
44 | $49.78 | |||
45 | $49.78 | |||
46 | ||||
47 | $49.78 | |||
48 | $49.78 | |||
49 | ||||
50 |