Figure 3-17

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Flowchart for assessing general concrete properties based on visual examination as applied to Spearfish, South Dakota site. This flowchart from Volume 2 of the guidelines shows how to use visual examination of the concrete to determine if the paste aggregates need to be further evaluated. For the Spearfish, South Dakota site, visual examination showed the following conditions to be present and led to examination of the paste and aggregate:

• Volumetrics were mixed as specified;
• Concrete was well-consolidated;
• No segregation or parallelism of the aggregates;
• No scaling or sub-parallel cracking at the road surface;
• Adequate concrete cover over the steel;
• No entrapped water voids under the aggregate at the road surface;
• Cracking at the road surface was present but it was not plastic shrinkage cracking; and
• No paste carbonation at depths greater than five to ten millimeters.