U.S. Department of Transportation
Federal Highway Administration
1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE
Washington, DC 20590
202-366-4000


Skip to content
Facebook iconYouTube iconTwitter iconFlickr iconLinkedInInstagram

Federal Highway Administration Research and Technology
Coordinating, Developing, and Delivering Highway Transportation Innovations

Report
This report is an archived publication and may contain dated technical, contact, and link information
Publication Number: FHWA-HRT-04-145
Date: December 2005

Enhanced Night Visibility Series, Volume XIV: Phase III—Study 2: Comparison of Near Infrared, Far Infrared, and Halogen Headlamps on Object Detection in Nighttime Rain

PDF Version (929 KB)

PDF files can be viewed with the Acrobat® Reader®

REFERENCES

  1. Lunenfeld, H., & Alexander, G.J. (1990). A Users’ Guide to Positive Guidance (FHWA-SA-90-017) (3rd ed.). Final report. Washington, DC: Federal Highway Administration, Office of Traffic Operations and Positive Guidance Applications, Inc.

  2. Mace, D., Garvey, P., Porter, R.J., Schwab, R., & Adrian, W. (2001). Countermeasures for Reducing the Effects of Headlight Glare. Washington, DC: AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety.

  3. Theeuwes, J., Alferdinck, J., & Perel, M. (2002). “Relation Between Glare and Driving Performance.” In Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 44th Annual Meeting, 1, 95–107.

  4. Scheiber, F. (1997). “Age and Glare Recovery Time for Low-Contrast Stimuli.” In W.A. Rogers (Ed.), Designing for an Aging Population (pp. 11–14). Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.

  5. Vos, J.J. (1984). “Disability Glare—A State of the Art Report.” Commission Internationale de l’Eclairge Journal, 3(2), 39–55.

  6. Stiles, W.S. (1929). “The Scattering Theory of the Effects of Glare on the Brightness Difference Threshold.” Proceedings of the Royal Society: London, 105B, 131–139.

  7. Schmidt-Clausen, H., & Bindels, J. (1974). “Assessment of Discomfort Glare in Motor Vehicle Lighting.” Lighting Research and Technology, 6, 79–88.

  8. Sivak, M., Flannagan, M., Ensing, M., & Simmons, C.J. (1991). Discomfort Glare Is Task Dependent (Report No. UMTRI-58071). Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, 152–159.

  9. deBoer, J.B., & Schreuder, D.A. (1967). “Glare as a Criterion for Quality in Street Lighting.” Transactions of the Illuminating Engineering Society, 32, 117–135.

  10. Jost, K. (1995). “High-Intensity Discharge Headlamps.” Automotive Engineering, 11, 38–42.

  11. Zino, K. (1996). “Technology Update: On the Beam.” Road and Track, 134–138.

  12. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). (2001). Glare from Headlamps and Other Front Mounted Lamps (Report No. 01-8885). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation.

  13. Alferdinck, J., & Varkevisser, J. (1991). Discomfort Glare from D1 Headlamps of Different Size (Report No. IZF 1991 C-21). Soesterberg, The Netherlands: TNO Institute for Perception.

  14. Flannagan, M. (1999). Subjective and Objective Aspects of Headlamp Glare: Effects of Size and Spectral Power Distribution (Report No. UMTRI 99–36). Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Institute.

  15. Flannagan, M.J., Sivak, M., Gellatly, A.W., & Luoma, J. (1992). A Field Study of Discomfort Glare from High-Intensity Discharge Headlamps (Report No. UMTRI-82468). Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

  16. Bullough, J.D., Fu, Z., & Van Derlofske, J. (2002). “Discomfort and Disability Glare from Halogen and HID Headlamp Systems (Report No. SAE 2002-01-0010).” Society of Automotive Engineers World Congress & Exhibition 2002 (SP-1668, pp. 1–5). Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers.

  17. Mortimer, R.G. (1989). “Older Drivers’ Visibility and Comfort in Night Driving: Vehicle Design Factors.” In Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 33rd Annual Meeting, 154–158.

  18. Richards, O.W. (1966). “Vision at Levels of Night Road Illumination: XII Changes of Acuity and Contrast Sensitivity with Age.” American Journal of Optometry/Archives of the American Academy of Optometry, 43.

  19. Richards, O.W. (1972). “Some Seeing Problems: Spectacles, Color Driving and Decline from Age and Poor Lighting.” American Journal of Optometry/Archives of the American Academy of Optometry, 49.

  20. Weale, R. (1961). “Retinal Illumination and Age.” Transactions of the Illuminating Engineering Society, 26, 95.

  21. Weymouth, F.W. (1960). “Effects of Age on Visual Acuity.” In: Hirsch, M.I. and Wick, R.E. (Eds.), Vision of the Aging Patient. Chilton: Philadelphia, PA (pp. 37–62).

  22. Zwahlen, H., & Schnell, T. (1999). “Visual Target Detection Models for Civil Twilight and Night Driving Conditions (Report No. 99-1545).” Transportation Research Record 1692, 49–65.

  23. Flannagan, M.J., Sivak, M., Traube, E.C., & Kojima, S. (2000). “Effects of Overall Low-Beam Intensity on Seeing Distance in the Presence of Glare.” Transportation Human Factors, 2(4), 313–330.

  24. Nilsson, L., & Alm, H. (1996). “Effects of a Vision Enhancement System on Drivers’ Ability to Drive Safely in Fog.” In A.G. Gale, I.D. Brown, C.M. Haslegrave, & S.P. Taylor (Eds.), Vision in Vehicles V (pp. 263–272). Amsterdam: Elsevier Science B.V., North-Holland.

  25. Marottoli, A., Ostfeld, A.M., Merrill, S., Perlman, G., Foley, D., & Cooney, L. (1993). “Driving Cessation and Changes in Mileage Driven Among Elderly Individuals.” Journal of Gerontology, 48(5), S255–260.

  26. Van Derlofske, J., Bullough, J., Dee, P., Chen, J., & Akashi, Y. (2004). “Headlamp Parameters and Glare (Report No. SAE 2004-01-1280).” Society of Automotive Engineers World Congress & Exhibition 2004 (SP-1875, pp. 195–203). Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers.

 

Previous       Table of Contents
Federal Highway Administration | 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE | Washington, DC 20590 | 202-366-4000
Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center | 6300 Georgetown Pike | McLean, VA | 22101