TABLE OF CONTENTS
General Literature Review Findings
Description of the Method Employed to Complete the Literature Review
ATIS/CVO SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS, FUNCTIONS, AND OBJECTIVES
Description of U.S.-Based ATIS Projects/Systems
TravTek
ADVANCE
Pathfinder
Travelpilot
DriverGuide
FAST-TRAC
ROGUE
CARIN
SmartRoutes
TRIPS
Overview of ATIS Systems/Projects outside the United States
European ATIS Projects/Systems
DRIVE
PROMETHEUS
Individual system descriptions
RACS
AMTICS
VICS
A Nissan system
DESCRIPTIONS OF CVO-SPECIFIC PROJECTS/SYSTEMS
Evaluations of Existing CVO Systems
Crescent program
TRANSCOM
ATIS/CVO HUMAN FACTORS EMPIRICAL EVALUATIONS
Driver Information Processing Demands: Attention and Workload
Attention demands
Workload
General Visual Display Considerations
Basic display characteristics
The use of color
Display location
Visual Information Display Research Specific to Navigation Systems
The value of automatic route selection in navigation
Information format trade-offs for navigation systems
Auditory Display Considerations
The older driver
Why grandpa wears glasses
Designing for the older driver
Learning and training effects
Fatigue effects
Driver Acceptance and Behavior
Acceptance research
Route selection and route diversion
Alcohol impairment
CVO-Specific Human Factors Research
Acceptance research
Additional CVO research findings
HUD concepts for commercial trucks
The application of ITS technology to hazardous material transportation
AVI research for commercial vehicle operations
Automatic vehicle monitoring
COMPARABLE SYSTEM EMPIRICAL FINDINGS APPLICABLE TO ATIS/CVO
Head-up displays
Map displays
Warning displays
Traffic displays
Landing guidance
Acceptance of technology
Aircraft Auditory Display Formats
Collision avoidance system
Monitoring and guidance system
THE IMPACT OF EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES ON ATIS/CVO SYSTEMS AND HUMAN FACTORS DESIGN CONSTRAINTS
Infrared
FM sideband
Satellites
Cellular
Radio Frequency (RF)
Inductive loop
Shared-Trunked Radio Systems
Regulations
In-vehicle data transfer
In-vehicle display requirements
Vacuum Fluorescent Displays (VFD's)
Cathode Ray Tube displays (CRT's)
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
Head-Up Displays (HUD's)
Helmet/head-Mounted Displays (HMD's)
Navigation interfaces
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Guidelines From Published ATIS/CVO Research
Guidelines From Comparable SystemsDriver attention and workload
Visual display considerations
Display location
Manual control guidelines
Providing information to convince drivers to avoid congested routes
Design guidelines to accommodate age and alcohol effects
Guidelines From Human Factors Guideline Documents
Anthropometry
Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)
General display issues
Visual displays
General
CRT Displays
Color
Alerting Signals
Auditory displays
General
Alarm Signals
Speech Characteristics
Message Design
System Design
Tactile displays
Manual controls
Maintenance considerations
RESEARCH ISSUES, HYPOTHESES, AND EXPERIMENTS NEEDED FOR GUIDELINE DEVELOPMENT
Documents for human factors and safety research
Specific research requirements
CVO-specific research requirements
Summary of Knowledge Gaps Key to the Development of Human Factors ATIS/CVO Guidelines
LIST OF TABLES
1. Organization of objectives within this report
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
AAA American Automobile Association
ACS Automatic Clearance Sensing
ADIS Advanced Driver Information Systems
ADVANCE Advanced Driver and Vehicle Advisory Navigation Concept
AMTICS Advanced Mobile Information and Communication System
ARI Army Research Institute
ASME American Society of Civil Engineers
ATIS Advanced Traveler Information Systems
ATLAS Acquisition par Télédiffusion de Logiciels Automobiles pour les Services
ATMS Automatic Traffic Management Systems
AV Advanced Vehicle
AVC Automatic Vehicle Classification
AVCS Automatic Vehicle Control Systems
AVI Automatic Vehicle Identification
AVL Automatic Vehicle Location
AVM Automatic Vehicle Monitoring
BAC Blood alcohol concentration
CAD computer-aided dispatch
CARIN Car Information and Navigation
CB Citizens band
CD Compact Disc
CD-I Compact Disc-Interactive
CD-ROM Compact Disc-Read Only Memory
CEC Commission of European Communities
CFL Cold-cathode Fluorescent Lamp
CRT Cathode Ray Tube
CVO Commercial Vehicle Operations
DOT Department of Transportation
DRIVE Dedicated Road Infrastructures for Vehicle Safety in Europe
D-STN LCD Double-Layered Super-Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystal Display
EP Electronic Placarding/Bill of Lading
ERTICO European Road Transport Telematics Implementation Coordination Organization
EUREKA European Research Coordination Agency
FCC Federal Communications Commission
FHWA Federal Highway Administration
FM frequency modulation
GM General Motors
GPS Global Positioning System
HAR Highway Assistance Readout
HELP Heavy-vehicle Electronic License Plate
HFL Hot-cathode Fluorescent Lamp
HIDO Highway Industry Development Organization
HMD Helmet/Head Mounted Display
HUD Head-up Displays
IGOR Interactive Guidance on Routes
IMSIS In-Vehicle Motorist Services Information Systems
IRANS In-Vehicle Routing and Navigation Systems
IRTE Integrated Road Transport Environment
ISIS In-Vehicle Signing Information Systems
ITE Institute of Transport Engineers
ITS Intelligent Transportation System
IVHS Intelligent Vehicle Highway System
IVNS In-Vehicle Navigation Systems
IVSAWS In-Vehicle Safety Advisory and Warning Systems
JSK Japan Traffic Management and Technology Association
LCD Liquid Crystal Display
LED Light-Emitting Diode
MADD Mothers Against Drunk Driving
MC Ministry of Construction
Minerve Media Intelligent pour l'Environnement Routier du Véhicule Européen
MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology
MPT Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications
NASA Nation Aeronautics and Space Administration
NHTSA National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
NPA National Police Agency
NTIS National Technical Information Service
OBC On-board Computing
PAR Packet Access Radio
PROMETHEUS Program for European Traffic with Highest Efficiency and Unprecedented Safety
RACS Road/Automobile Communication System
RDS Radio Data System
RDS-TMC Radio Data System-Traffic Management Center
RF radio frequency
RH relative humidity
RTI Road Transport Informantics
SAE Society of Automotive Engineers
SST Spread Spectrum Transmission
STRS Shared-Trunked Radio Systems
TFD Thin Film Diodes
TFT Thin Film Transistors
TMC Traffic Management Center
TN Twisted Nematic
TRB Transportation Research Board
TWC Two-way Real-time Communication
UMTRI University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute
VFD Vacuum Fluorescent Display
VICS Vehicle Information and Control System
WFL Warm-cathode Fluorescent Lamp
WIM Weigh in Motion