TABLE OF CONTENTS
ATIS AND ROADWAY INFORMATION AVAILABILITY
OBJECTIVES AND HYPOTHESES OF THIS STUDY
WARNING COMPLIANCE
DRIVING SAFETY
TRUST IN ATIS AND SELF-CONFIDENCE
SITUATIONAL AWARENESS, WORKLOAD, AND INFORMATION ASSIMILATION
Automobile Test Buck
Simulation Software
Simulated ATIS
Independent Variables
Dependent Variables
Procedure
TRUST IN THE ATIS AND SELF-CONFIDENCE
ANALYSIS OF SITUATIONAL AWARENESS, WORKLOAD, AND MESSAGE ACKNOWLEDGMENT
CHAPTER 4. CONCLUSIONS AND DESIGN IMPLICATIONS
Specific Design Guidelines and a Suggestion for Future Experiments
APPENDIX
A: SUBJECT SELECTION PHONE QUESTIONNAIRE AND DRIVER
DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS QUESTIONNAIRE
APPENDIX B: PRE/POST-STUDY QUESTIONNAIRES
APPENDIX
C: SUBJECTIVE MEASURES, SITUATIONAL AWARENESS QUESTIONS, AND ATIS MESSAGES
APPENDIX D: SCENARIO EVENT DOCUMENTATION
LIST OF FIGURES
2. The
relationship between the independent and dependent variables and the focus of
the data
analysis
3. A
hypothetical trace of a driver's compliance with a warning message
4. The
timeline of the experiment showing the distribution of driving activity
5. The
effect of message style and modality on the perceived performance of male and
female drivers
6. The
fluctuation of trust and self-confidence for various levels of roadway and ATIS
information
7. The
effect of information availability and message style on trust in the ATIS
8. The
effect of information availability and message style on drivers' self-confidence
9. The effect of information availability and message mode on trust
10. The
effect of information availability and driver age on trust in the ATIS
11. The
effect of age, gender, style, and mode on trust
12. The
effect of information availability, age, gender, and display location on trust
13. The
effect of information availability and driver age on situational awareness
14. The
effect of age, gender, message style, and information availability on mental
effort
15. Situational
awareness accuracy and perceived accuracy for younger and older drivers
16. The
effect of gender, age, and message style on confidence in situational awareness
accuracy
17. The
variables examined in this study
18. The
design trade-off between driving safety and warning compliance for different
levels
of roadway redundancy
19. The
design trade-off between driving safety and warning compliance for different
message
styles
20. The design trade-off between trust and self-confidence for different message styles
LIST OF TABLES
1. General
guidelines for the selection of auditory versus visual forms of information
presentation
2. The
combination of events within-subjects variables in a Latin square design
3. Independent
variables included in the experiment
4. ATIS
warnings for each of six different events
6. Correlation
matrix of measures of compliance
7. The
effects of the independent variables on three measures of driver compliance
8. The
effect of information availability on driving safety
9. The
effect of message style on driving safety
10. The
effect of age on the five measures of driving safety
11. The
effects of the independent variables on the five measures of driving safety
12. Comments
explaining the effects shown in figure
13. Summary
of all significant effects for trust and self-confidence
14. Responses
to ATIS messages
16. Summary
of significant effects for situational awareness and effort
17. Summary of significant effects for message acknowledgment
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
ATIS Advanced Traveler Information Systems
BAS Battelle Automobile Simulator
BMDP Bio-Medical Data Processing
CRT Cathode Ray Tube
CVO Commercial Vehicle Operations
EL Electroluminescent
HOV High-Occupancy Vehicle
HUD Head-Up Display
ISIS In-Vehicle Signing Information Systems
IVSAWS In-Vehicle Safety Advisory and Warning Systems
LCD Liquid Crystal Display
RMS Root Mean Square
SA Situational Awareness
SAGAT Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique
SD Standard Deviation
STI Systems Technology, Inc.