U.S. Department of Transportation
Federal Highway Administration
1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE
Washington, DC 20590
202-366-4000
Federal Highway Administration Research and Technology
Coordinating, Developing, and Delivering Highway Transportation Innovations
| REPORT |
| This report is an archived publication and may contain dated technical, contact, and link information |
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| Publication Number: FHWA-HRT-15-058 Date: February 2017 |
Publication Number: FHWA-HRT-15-058 Date: February 2017 |
Please use the following organization names, abbreviations, and acronyms. Note that terms such as AADT (annual average daily traffic), PCC (portland cement concrete), dpi (dots per inch), and many more are common nouns, and are thus lowercase when spelled. Keep common nouns in mind when deciding whether to use uppercase or lowercase.
| AAA | American Automobile Association | |
| AAAE | American Association of Airport Executives | |
| AAAM | American Association of Automotive Medicine | |
| AADT | annual average daily traffic | |
| AAMVA | American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators | |
| AAPA | American Association of Port Authorities | |
| AAR | American Association of Railroads | |
| AASHTO | American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials | |
| ABA | American Bus Association | |
| AC | asphalt concrete | |
| ACI | American Concrete Institute | |
| ACIR | Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations | |
| ACPA | American Concrete Pavement Association | |
| ACTS | Automotive Coalition for Traffic Safety, Inc. (formerly American Coalition for Traffic Safety, Inc.) | |
| ADA | Americans with Disabilities Act | |
| AGCA | Associated General Contractors of America | |
| AHUA | Association of Heads of University Administration | |
| AISC | American Institute of Steel Construction | |
| AISI | American Iron and Steel Institute | |
| ALF | Accelerated Loading Facility | |
| AMPO | Association of Metropolitan Planning Organizations | |
| AMTRAK | National Railroad Passenger Corporation (Amtrak is not a governmental agency; it is a private company called the National Railroad Passenger Corporation) | |
| ANSI | American National Standards Institute | |
| AOPA | Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association | |
| APA | American Planning Association | |
| API | American Petroleum Institute | |
| APTA | American Public Transportation Association | |
| APWA | American Public Works Association | |
| ARTBA | American Road and Transportation Builders Association | |
| ASBI | American Sequential Bridge Institute | |
| ASCE | American Society of Civil Engineers | |
| ASQ | American Society for Quality | |
| ASTM | (formerly American Society for Testing and Materials) | |
| ATA | American Trucking Association OR Air Transport Association | |
| ATPA | American Technology Preeminence Act | |
| AVC | Automatic Vehicle Classification | |
| AWS | automated weather station | |
| BAC | blood alcohol concentration | |
| BESTEA | Building Efficient Surface Transportation and Equity Act of 1997 | |
| BMS | Bridge Management Systems | |
| BPR | Bureau of Public Roads | |
| BRR | Bridge Rehabilitation and Replacement | |
| BTS | Bureau of Transportation Statistics | |
| C SHRP | Canadian Strategic Highway Research Program | |
| CAAA | Clean Air Act Amendments | |
| CAFE | Corporate Average Fuel Economy | |
| CBO | Congressional Budget Office | |
| CBSSE | Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education (NRC) | |
| CD | compact disk | |
| CERF | Civil Engineering Research Foundation | |
| CETS | Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems (NRC) | |
| CFLHD | Central Federal Lands Highway Division | |
| CFR | Code of Federal Regulations | |
| CIMA | Construction Industries Manufacturers Association | |
| CMAQ | Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality | |
| CMS | Corporate Management Strategy | |
| COMTO | Conference of Minority Transportation Officials | |
| CoP | community of practice | |
| COST | Cooperation on Science and Technology (program) | |
| COTA | Congressional Office of Technology Assessment | |
| COR | Contracting Officer’s Representative | |
| CPI | Continuous Process Improvement | |
| CRG | Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center R&D Communication Reference Guide | |
| CRP | Cooperative Research Program (TRB) | |
| CRS | Congressional Research Service | |
| CSD | context sensitive design | |
| CUTC | Council of University Transportation Centers | |
| CVISN | Commercial Vehicle Information Systems and Networks | |
| CVO | commercial vehicle operations | |
| DARPA | Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DoD) | |
| DoD | Department of Defense (U.S. Department of Defense) | |
| dpi | dots per inch | |
| DVD | digital versatile disk | |
| EAP | Employee Assistance Program | |
| ECMT | European Conference of Ministers of Transportation | |
| EDL | Electronic Document Library | |
| EEOC | Equal Employment Opportunity Commission | |
| EFLHD | Eastern Federal Lands Highway Division | |
| EIS | Environmental Impact Statement | |
| EIT | electronic and information technology | |
| EPA | Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) | |
| EPS | Encapsulated PostScript file | |
| ESAL | equivalent single axle load | |
| ETTM | Electronic Toll and Traffic Management | |
| EU | European Union | |
| EUREKA | European Research Coordination Agency | |
| FAA | Federal Aviation Administration | |
| FAQs | frequently asked questions | |
| FARS | Fatality Analysis Reporting System | |
| FEHB | Federal Employee Health Benefits | |
| FHWA | Federal Highway Administration | |
| FIFO | first in, first out | |
| FIMS | Fiscal Management Information System | |
| FMCSA | Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration | |
| FRA | Federal Railroad Administration | |
| FRC | Federal Records Center | |
| FRP | fiber reinforced polymer | |
| FTA | Federal Transit Administration | |
| FWD | falling weight deflectometer | |
| FY | fiscal year | |
| GAO | General Accountability Office | |
| GIF | Graphic Interchange Format | |
| GIS | geographic information system | |
| GOE | general operating expenses | |
| GPO | Government Printing Office | |
| GPR | ground penetrating radar | |
| GPRA | Government Performance and Results Act | |
| GPS | Global Positioning System | |
| GSA | U.S. General Services Administration | |
| HBRRP | Highway Bridge Replacement and Rehabilitation Program | |
| HIPERPAVTM | High Performance Pavement | |
| HITEC | Highway Innovative Technology Evaluation Center | |
| HMA | hot mix asphalt | |
| HP&R | Highway Planning and Research | |
| HP&R | Highway Planning and Research | |
| HPMS | Highway Performance Monitoring System (FHWA) | |
| HR | human resources | |
| HRTM | Office of Corporate Research, Technology and Innovation Management | |
| HSGT | high-speed ground transportation | |
| HSIP | Highway Safety Improvement Program | |
| HTF | Highway Trust Fund | |
| HTML | HyperText Markup Language | |
| HUFSAM | Highway Users Federation for Safety and Mobility, now called American Highway Users Alliance | |
| IACP | International Association of Chiefs of Police | |
| IAHR | International Association for Hydraulic Research | |
| IANA | Intermodal Association of North America | |
| IATA | International Air Transport Association | |
| IBTTA | International Bridge, Tunnel and Turnpike Association (no serial comma according to IBTTA’s usage) | |
| ICAO | International Civil Aviation Organization | |
| IDEA | Innovations Deserving Exploratory Analysis | |
| IDP | Individual Development Program | |
| IEEE | Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers | |
| IHSDM | Interactive Highway Safety Design Module | |
| IIHS | Insurance Institute for Highway Safety | |
| INA | International Navigation Association (formerly called PIANC, Permanent International Association of Navigation Congresses) | |
| IOM | Institute of Medicine | |
| IPP | individual performance plan | |
| IRF | International Road Federation | |
| IRI | International Roughness Index | |
| ISO | International Organization for Standardization (correct even though it looks incorrect) | |
| ISTEA | Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 | |
| ITE | Institute for Transportation Engineers | |
| ITS | intelligent transportation system | |
| ITS | America Intelligent Transportation Society of America | |
| ITS/JPO | Intelligent Transportation Systems Joint Program Office | |
| IUPT | International Union of Public Transport | |
| IVHS | intelligent vehicle highway systems | |
| IVI | Intelligent Vehicle Initiative | |
| JPEG | Joint Photographic Experts Group | |
| KM | knowledge management | |
| KSAs | knowledge, skills, and abilities | |
| L&D | learning and development | |
| LADS | Learning and Development System | |
| LAN | local area network | |
| LCCA | lifecycle cost analysis | |
| LRFD | load and resistance factor design | |
| LTAP | Local Technical Assistance Program | |
| LTP | Leave Transfer Program | |
| LTBP | Long-Term Bridge Performance (Program) | |
| LTPP | Long-Term Pavement Performance (Program) | |
| MARAD | Maritime Administration (USDOT) | |
| MB | Marine Board (TRB) | |
| MBNQA | Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award | |
| MMS | Minerals Management Service | |
| MPO | metropolitan planning organization | |
| MSPB | Merit Systems Protection Board | |
| MTMC | Military Traffic Management Command | |
| MUTCD | Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices | |
| MYAEP | Multi Year Affirmative Employment Program | |
| NACE | National Association of County Engineers | |
| NACO | National Association of Counties | |
| NAE | National Academy of Engineering | |
| NAGHSR | National Association of Governors’ Highway Safety Representatives | |
| NAPA | National Asphalt Pavement Association | |
| NARA | National Archives and Records Administration | |
| NARC | National Association of Regional Councils | |
| NAS | National Academy of Sciences | |
| NASAO | National Association of State Aviation Officials | |
| NASS | National Automotive Sampling System (NHTSA) | |
| NBIS | National Bridge Inventory System | |
| NCAT | National Center for Asphalt Technology | |
| NCHRP | National Cooperative Highway Research Program | |
| NCP | National Coordinated Program (of Highway Research, Development, and Technology) | |
| NCSL | National Conference of State Legislatures | |
| NCSRO | National Conference of State Railway Officials | |
| NDE | nondestructive evaluation | |
| NDR | National Driver Register | |
| NEPA | National Environmental Policy Act | |
| NEXTEA | National Economic Crossroads Transportation Efficiency Act of 1997 | |
| NGA | National Governors’ Association | |
| NHI | National Highway Institute | |
| NHS | National Highway System | |
| NHTSA | National Highway Traffic Safety Administration | |
| NIST | National Institute of Standards and Technology | |
| NIT League | National Industrial Transportation League | |
| NPR | National Performance Review | |
| NPTS | Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey | |
| NQI | National Quality Initiative | |
| NRC | National Research Council | |
| NSC | National Safety Council | |
| NSF | National Science Foundation | |
| NSPE | National Society of Professional Engineers | |
| NSTC | National Science and Technology Council | |
| NTI | National Transit Institute | |
| NTIS | National Technical Information Service | |
| NTL | National Transportation Library | |
| NTSB | National Transportation Safety Board | |
| OECD | Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development | |
| OIG | Office of the Inspector General | |
| OMB | Office of Management and Budget | |
| ONR | Office of Naval Research | |
| OPM | Office of Personnel Management | |
| ORI | Office of Road Inquiry | |
| OSHA | Occupational Safety and Health Administration | |
| OST | Office of the Secretary of Transportation | |
| OSTP | Office of Science and Technology Policy (White House) | |
| PBCAT | Pedestrian and Bicycle Crash Analysis Tool | |
| PCA | Portland Cement Association | |
| PCC | portland cement concrete (“portland” is lowercase when used in text) | |
| PCI | Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute | |
| Portable Document Format | ||
| PDP | professional development program | |
| PI | Principal Investigator | |
| PIANC | Permanent International Association of Navigation Congresses (now called International Navigation Association) | |
| PIARC | Permanent International Association of Road Congresses | |
| PICRI | Pavement Industry Cooperative Research Initiative | |
| PIH | Pan American Institute of Highways | |
| PQA | President’s Quality Award | |
| PROMETHEUS | Program for European Traffic with Highest Efficiency and Unprecedented Safety | |
| PTRC | Planning and Transport Research and Computation | |
| QC/QA | quality control/quality assurance | |
| R&D | research and development | |
| R&T | research and technology | |
| RABA | Revenue Aligned Budget Authority | |
| RAC | Research Advisory Committee | |
| RCCC | Regular Common Carrier Conference (ATA) | |
| RD&T | research, development, and technology | |
| RFP | Request for Proposals | |
| RIDER | Research and Information Databases and Electronic Resources | |
| ROSAN | Roadway Surface Analyzer | |
| RSF | Roadway Safety Foundation (AHUA) | |
| RSPA | Research and Special Programs Administration (USDOT) | |
| RTAP | Rural Transportation Assistance Program (FHWA) | |
| RTCC | Research and Technology Coordinating Committee | |
| SAE | Society of Automotive Engineers | |
| SAFETEA | Safe, Accountable, Flexible, and Efficient Transportation Equity Act of 2003 | |
| SCOH | Standing Committee on Highways (AASHTO) | |
| SCOQ | Standing Committee on Quality | |
| SCOR | Standing Committee on Research (AASHTO) | |
| SFLHD | Southern Federal Lands Highway Division | |
| SHRP | Strategic Highway Research Program | |
| SHRP 2 | Second Strategic Highway Research Program | |
| SIP | State implementation plan | |
| SMARTS | Site Management and Retroreflective Tracking System | |
| SMS | safety management system | |
| SMSA | standard metropolitan statistical area | |
| SNO | Subcommittee for NRC Oversight (TRB) | |
| SOW | statement of work | |
| SPC | statistical process control | |
| SPPR | Subcommittee on Planning and Policy Review (TRB) | |
| SPR | State planning and research | |
| SPS | Specific Pavement Studies | |
| STB | Surface Transportation Board | |
| STIPDG | Summer Transportation Internship Program for Diverse Groups | |
| STP | Surface Transportation Program | |
| STPP | Surface Transportation Policy Project | |
| STRAHNET | Strategic Highway Network | |
| SUPPS | Shared United Performance Plan System | |
| SWE | Society of Women Engineers | |
| T&I | technology and innovation | |
| T2 | technology transfer | |
| TASC | Transportation Administrative Service Center | |
| TCRP | Transit Cooperative Research Program (TRB) | |
| TCSP | Transportation and Community and Systems Preservation | |
| TCT | Technical Career Track | |
| TDC | Transit Development Corporation (APTA) | |
| TDIP | Technology Deployment Initiatives and Preservation | |
| TEA-21 | Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century | |
| TFHRC | Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center | |
| TIFF | Tagged Image File Format | |
| TIFIA | Transportation Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act | |
| TIN | Technology Innovation Network | |
| TIP | Transportation Improvement Program | |
| TMA | Transportation Management Association | |
| TMC | Transportation Management Center | |
| TNM | traffic noise model | |
| TQM | Total Quality Management | |
| TRB | Transportation Research Board | |
| TRF | Transportation Research Forum | |
| TRI | Trucking Research Institute (ATA) | |
| TRIP | The Road Information Program | |
| TRIS | Transportation Research Information Services (TRB) | |
| TRL | Transportation Research Laboratory | |
| TReL | Traffic Research Laboratory | |
| TRRL | Transportation and Road Research Laboratory (United Kingdom) | |
| TSM | Transportation System Management | |
| UPACS | User Profile and Access Control System | |
| USACE | U.S. Army Corps of Engineers | |
| USCG | U.S. Coast Guard (U.S. Department of Homeland Security) | |
| USDOT | U.S. Department of Transportation | |
| UTC | University Transportation Center | |
| UTCP | University Transportation Centers Program (USDOT) | |
| VMT | vehicle miles traveled | |
| VNTSC | Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (USDOT) | |
| VTI | Road and Traffic Research Institute of Sweden | |
| VWS | virtual weather station | |
| WFLHD | Western Federal Lands Highway Division | |
| WIM | weigh in motion | |
| WRA | World Road Association (formerly PIARC, Permanent International Association of Road Congresses) | |
| WSCG | Western States Concrete Group |
