HERS-ST Highway Economic Requirements System - State Version: Technical Report
Appendix A Default Deficiency Criteria Tables
Suggested default values for the ULs, SDLs, and DLs for the eight section characteristics are presented in Table A-5, and Table A-7 through Table A-11 (These values were used in processing for the 2002 C&P Report). As indicated in the exhibits, for rural sections HERS allows separate values to be specified for three terrain types and eight combinations of functional system and average daily traffic (AADT). For urban sections, HERS allows separate values for each of five functional systems.
In the case of pavement condition (Table A-1, "Default Pavement Condition Criteria (PSR)"), SDLs are not shown, but a set of "reconstruction levels" (RLs) are. SDLs for pavement condition are not needed because all improvements involve either resurfacing or reconstruction, and, in HERS, only one of these two improvement options is considered for a section in any funding period. The pavement option considered is resurfacing unless PSR is below the RL or certain surface-type deficiencies (specified in Figure 4-2 "Identification of Aggressive Pavement Option" on page 4-12) exist.1
The USTs are not used by HERS in selecting improvements; however the shoulder type USTs are used as design standards when shoulders are improved and the lane width USTs are used to specify the lane width following reconstruction of an unpaved section. HERS uses the USTs to develop some summary statistics.
1. For medium and high-type pavement, PSR is the sole determinant of whether a section should be reconstructed; and for low-type pavement, it is the primary determinant. HERS is unable to take into account other influences on the reconstruction decision (e.g., height of the pavement crown), because they are not currently described in the HPMS database.
Table A-3. Default Surface Type Criteria and Standardsa
UL
SDL
UST1
DL
DSb
a. Surface Type Codes: 1 = High flexible; 2 = High rigid; 3 = Intermediate; 4 = Low; 5 = Unpaved.
b. HERS does not allow design standard of 5 (unpaved), substituting 4 if a standard of 5 is specified.
c. Design standard is high type. HERS actually uses flexible pavement for all resurfacing and for reconstruction of flexible pavements; rigid pavement is used for reconstruction of rigid and composite pavements
Rural:
Interstate:
Flat
2
2
2
2
2c
Rolling
2
2
2
2
2
Mountainous
2
2
2
2
2
OPA AADT>6000:
Flat
2
2
2
2
2
Rolling
2
2
2
2
2
Mountainous
2
2
2
2
2
OPA AADT<=6000:
Flat
3
3
2
2
2
Rolling
3
3
2
2
2
Mountainous
3
3
2
2
2
MA AADT>2000:
Flat
3
3
3
3
2
Rolling
3
3
3
3
2
Mountainous
3
3
3
3
2
MA AADT<=2000:
Flat
4
4
3
3
3
Rolling
4
4
3
3
3
Mountainous
4
4
3
3
3
Coll.'s AADT>1000:
Flat
4
4
3
3
3
Rolling
4
4
3
3
3
Mountainous
4
4
3
3
3
Coll.'s AADT=400-1000:
Flat
4
4
4
4
4
Rolling
4
4
4
4
4
Mountainous
4
4
4
4
4
Coll.'s AADT<400:
Flat
5
5
5
5
4
Rolling
5
5
5
5
4
Mountainous
5
5
5
5
4
Urban:
Interstate
2
2
2
2
Other Freeway & Expressway
2
2
2
2
Other Principal Arterial
3
3
2
2
Minor Arterial
4
4
3
3
Collectors
5
5
4
4
Table A-4. Default Volume/Capacity Ratio Criteria
UL
SDL
UST1
DL
WS
Rural:
Interstate:
Flat
0.90
0.85
0.80
0.70
0.70
Rolling
0.95
0.90
0.80
0.80
0.80
Mountainous
0.98
0.95
0.80
0.90
0.90
OPA AADT>6000:
Flat
0.90
0.85
0.80
0.70
0.70
Rolling
0.95
0.90
0.80
0.80
0.80
Mountainous
0.98
0.95
0.80
0.90
0.90
OPA AADT<=6000:
Flat
0.90
0.85
0.80
0.70
0.70
Rolling
0.95
0.90
0.80
0.80
0.80
Mountainous
0.98
0.95
0.80
0.90
0.90
MA AADT>2000:
Flat
0.90
0.85
0.80
0.70
0.70
Rolling
0.95
0.90
0.80
0.80
0.80
Mountainous
0.98
0.95
0.80
0.90
0.90
MA AADT<=2000:
Flat
0.90
0.85
0.80
0.70
0.70
Rolling
0.95
0.90
0.80
0.80
0.80
Mountainous
0.98
0.95
0.80
0.90
0.90
Coll.'s AADT>1000:
Flat
0.90
0.85
0.80
0.70
0.70
Rolling
0.95
0.90
0.80
0.80
0.80
Mountainous
0.98
0.95
0.80
0.90
0.90
Coll.'s AADT=400-1000:
Flat
1.00
1.00
0.80
0.95
0.95
Rolling
1.00
1.00
0.80
0.95
0.95
Mountainous
1.00
1.00
0.80
0.95
0.95
Coll.'s AADT<400:
Flat
1.00
1.00
0.80
1.00
1.00
Rolling
1.00
1.00
0.80
1.00
1.00
Mountainous
1.00
1.00
0.80
1.00
1.00
Urban:
Interstate
0.98
0.95
0.80
0.90
0.90
Other Freeway
0.98
0.95
0.80
0.90
0.90
Other Principal Arterial
0.98
0.95
0.80
0.90
0.90
Minor Arterial
0.98
0.95
0.80
0.90
0.90
Collectors
0.98
0.95
0.80
0.90
0.90
Table A-5. Default Lane Width Criteria and Standards (Feet)a
UL
SDL
UST1
DL
DS
a. For sections for which the database contains roadway width instead of lane width, HERS treats lane width as one-half the roadway width.
b. For unpaved collectors in this volume category, HERS applies these criteria to the sum of lane width and shoulder width.
Rural:
Interstate:
Flat
11
11
12
12
12
Rolling
11
11
12
12
12
Mountainous
11
11
12
12
12
OPA AADT>6000:
Flat
10
11
11
12
12
Rolling
10
11
11
12
12
Mountainous
10
11
11
12
12
OPA AADT<=6000:
Flat
10
11
11
12
12
Rolling
10
11
11
12
12
Mountainous
10
11
11
12
12
MA AADT>2000:
Flat
8
9
10
12
12
Rolling
8
9
10
12
12
Mountainous
8
9
10
12
12
MA AADT<=2000:
Flat
8
9
10
12
12
Rolling
8
9
10
12
12
Mountainous
8
9
10
12
12
Coll.'s AADT>1000:
Flat
8
9
10
12
12
Rolling
8
9
10
12
12
Mountainous
8
9
10
12
12
Coll.'s AADT=400-1000:
Flat
8
8
8
11
11
Rolling
8
8
8
11
11
Mountainous
8
8
8
11
11
Coll.'s AADT<400:b
Flat
8
8
8
10
10
Rolling
8
8
8
10
10
Mountainous
8
8
8
10
10
Urban:
Interstate
11
11
12
12
Other Freeway & Expressway
10
11
11
12
Other Principal Arterial
9
10
10
12
Minor Arterial
8
8
8
12
Collectors
8
8
8
12
Table A-6. Default Right-Shoulder Width Criteria and Standards (Feet)
UL
SDL
UST1
DL
DS
Rural:
Interstate:
Flat
6
7
8
10
12
Rolling
6
7
8
9
10
Mountainous
6
6
6
7
8
OPA AADT>6000:
Flat
6
7
8
9
10
Rolling
6
7
8
9
10
Mountainous
6
6
6
7
8
OPA AADT<=6000:
Flat
6
7
8
9
10
Rolling
6
7
8
9
10
Mountainous
6
6
6
7
8
MA AADT>2000:
Flat
6
6
6
7
8
Rolling
6
6
6
7
8
Mountainous
4
4
4
6
8
MA AADT<=2000:
Flat
4
5
6
7
8
Rolling
4
5
6
7
8
Mountainous
4
4
4
6
6
Coll.'s AADT>1000:
Flat
2
3
4
6
8
Rolling
2
3
4
6
8
Mountainous
2
3
4
6
6
Coll.'s AADT=400-1000:
Flat
0
0
2
4
4
Rolling
0
0
2
4
4
Mountainous
0
0
2
4
4
Coll.'s AADT<400:
Flat
0
0
0
2
2
Rolling
0
0
0
2
2
Mountainous
0
0
0
2
2
Urban:
Interstate
6
7
8
9
Other Freeway & Expressway
6
7
8
9
Other Principal Arterial
0
5
6
8
Minor Arterial
0
5
6
8
Collectors
0
3
6
6
Table A-7. Default Shoulder Type Criteriaa
UL
SDL
UST1
DL
a. Shoulder Type Codes: 1 = Surfaced; 2 - Stabilized; 3 = Earth; 4 = Curbed.
Rural:
Interstate:
Flat
2
2
2
2
Rolling
2
2
2
2
Mountainous
2
2
2
2
OPA AADT>6000:
Flat
2
2
2
2
Rolling
2
2
2
2
Mountainous
2
2
2
2
OPA AADT<=6000:
Flat
3
2
2
2
Rolling
3
2
2
2
Mountainous
3
2
2
2
MA AADT>2000:
Flat
3
2
2
2
Rolling
3
2
2
2
Mountainous
3
2
2
2
MA AADT<=2000:
Flat
3
3
3
3
Rolling
3
3
3
3
Mountainous
3
3
3
3
Coll.'s AADT>1000:
Flat
3
3
3
3
Rolling
3
3
3
3
Mountainous
3
3
3
3
Coll.'s AADT=400-1000:
Flat
4
3
3
3
Rolling
4
3
3
3
Mountainous
4
3
3
3
Coll.'s AADT<400:
Flat
4
3
3
3
Rolling
4
3
3
3
Mountainous
4
3
3
3
Urban:
Interstate
1
1
1
1
Other Freeway
1
1
1
1
Other Principal Arterial
4
2
2
2
Minor Arterial
4
3
3
3
Collectors
4
3
3
3
Table A-8. Default Horizontal Alignment Criteriaa
UL
SDL
UST1
DL
a. Alignment Codes: 1 = All curves meet design standards; 2 = Some curves below design standards; 3 = Curves with reduced speed; 4 = Several curves unsafe.
Rural:
Interstate:
Flat
2
2
2
1
Rolling
2
2
2
1
Mountainous
2
2
2
1
OPA AADT>6000:
Flat
2
2
2
1
Rolling
2
2
2
1
Mountainous
2
2
2
1
OPA AADT<=6000:
Flat
3
2
2
2
Rolling
3
2
2
2
Mountainous
3
2
2
2
MA AADT>2000:
Flat
3
2
2
2
Rolling
3
2
2
2
Mountainous
3
2
2
2
MA AADT<=2000:
Flat
3
2
2
2
Rolling
3
2
2
2
Mountainous
3
2
2
2
Coll.'s AADT>1000:
Flat
3
2
2
2
Rolling
3
2
2
2
Mountainous
3
2
2
2
Coll.'s AADT=400-1000:
Flat
4
3
3
2
Rolling
4
3
3
2
Mountainous
4
3
3
2
Coll.'s AADT<400:
Flat
4
3
3
2
Rolling
4
3
3
2
Mountainous
4
3
3
2
Urban:
Interstate
2
2
2
1
Other Freeway
2
2
2
1
Other Principal Arterial
3
2
2
1
Table A-9. Default Vertical Alignment Criteriaa
UL
SDL
UST1
DL
a. Alignment Codes: 1 = All grades meet design standards; 2 = Some grades below design standards; 3 = Grades with reduced speed; 4 = Significant reduction of speed on grades.
Rural:
Interstate:
Flat
2
2
2
1
Rolling
2
2
2
1
Mountainous
2
2
2
1
OPA AADT>6000:
Flat
2
2
2
1
Rolling
2
2
2
1
Mountainous
2
2
2
1
OPA AADT<=6000:
Flat
3
2
2
2
Rolling
3
2
2
2
Mountainous
3
2
2
2
MA AADT>2000:
Flat
3
2
2
2
Rolling
3
2
2
2
Mountainous
3
2
2
2
MA AADT<=2000:
Flat
3
2
2
2
Rolling
3
2
2
2
Mountainous
3
2
2
2
Coll.'s AADT>1000:
Flat
3
2
2
2
Rolling
3
2
2
2
Mountainous
3
2
2
2
Coll.'s AADT=400-1000:
Flat
4
3
3
2
Rolling
4
3
3
2
Mountainous
4
3
3
2
Coll.'s AADT<400:
Flat
4
3
3
2
Rolling
4
3
3
2
Mountainous
4
3
3
2
Table A-10. Default Design Standards For Median Width (Feet)
DS
Rural:
Interstate:
Flat
64
Rolling
64
Mountainous
16
OPA AADT>6000:
Flat
40
Rolling
40
Mountainous
16
OPA AADT<=6000:
Flat
40
Rolling
40
Mountainous
16
MA AADT>2000:
Flat
40
Rolling
40
Mountainous
16
MA AADT<=2000:
Flat
0
Rolling
0
Mountainous
0
Coll.'s AADT>1000:
Flat
0
Rolling
0
Mountainous
0
Coll.'s AADT=400-1000:
Flat
0
Rolling
0
Mountainous
0
Coll.'s AADT<400:
Flat
0
Rolling
0
Mountainous
0
Urban:
Freeway/Expressway by design
20
Table A-11. Default Design Standards For Curves and Grades
Curve Class
Grade Class
Rural:
Interstate:
Flat
1
3
Rolling
1
3
Mountainous
3
5
Other Principal Arterial:
Flat
1
3
Rolling
1
3
Mountainous
3
5
Minor Arterial:
Flat
1
3
Rolling
2
3
Mountainous
3
5
Major Collectors:
Flat
2
4
Rolling
3
5
Mountainous
4
6
Urban:
Interstate
3
Other Freeway
3
Other Principal Arterial
3
Table A-12. Default Design Standards for Urban Sections
Surface Typea
Lane Width (Feet)
Shoulder Width (Feet)
a. Surface Type Codes: 1 = High flexible; 2 = High rigid; 3 = Intermediate; 4 = Low; 5 = Unpaved
