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APPENDIX A

EXAMPLE PH CALCULATION

From equation 3.1,

Definition of pH in terms of activity coefficient and concentration (molality) of hydroxide ions. The p H equals 14 plus the logarithm of the product of the activity coefficient for hydroxide times the hydroxide ion molality.
(3.1)

where gammaOH is the activity coefficient for OH‾, which was taken as 0.7, and [OH‾] is molality of that species. Thus, assuming [OH-] = 0.1,

pH = 14+log (0.7· 0.1) = 14+(· 1.15) = 12.85.

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