Women's Travel Issues

Proceedings from the Second National Conference

The Women's Travel Issues Second National Conference was held in Baltimore in October 1996. The conference was funded by the Federal Highway Administration and organized by the Drachman Institute of the University of Arizona in cooperation with Morgan State University. In addition to bringing together the latest research on women's travel issues from a number of disciplines, the Conference was structured to alert policymakers and planners of the need to pay serious attention to the very real differences in the travel behavior and patterns of men and women, and among subgroups of women.

The Conference focused on the latest research in many areas which was addressed in the first conference in 1978. Current reseach continues to show major differences in the travel patterns of men and women. At the same time, research suggest that there are substantial differences among subgroups of women, which may be greater than aggregate differences among subgroups.

The Conference brought together a series of thoughtful and often challenging papers that identified differences in the patterns of women and men over time, evaluated the potential planning and policy implications of those differences, and presented decisionmakers and planners with a coherent view of the interlinked transportation, economic, social, environmental, and land use constraints facing women and their families.

Below, is a series of peer-reviewed papers presented at the Conference that fall into nine substantive categories, plus Poster Sessions which contains brief abstracts of research presented at the Conference. The Proceedings conclude with the Research Agenda developed by the Steering Committe and Conference participants. Research topics in need of exploration were identified for future focus.

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	INTRODUCTION
I. OVERVIEW
	Women's Labor Force Trends and Women's Transportation Issues
	Trends in Women's Travel Patterns
	Household, Gender, and Travel
	Distance and Labor Force Participation: Implications for Urban and Rural Women
	Women's Travel: Consequences and Opportunities
II. AN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE ON WOMEN, TRAVEL, AND FREEDOM
	The Automobile and Gender: An Historical Perspective
	Farmers, Flivvers, and Family Life: The Impact of Motoring on Rural Women and Their Kin
III. WOMEN'S EMERGING TRAVEL PATTERNS
	Trip-Chaining, Childcare, and Personal Safety: Critical Issues in Women's Travel Behavior
	The Effect of Residential Accessibility to Employment on Men's and Women's Travel
	Women's Travel to Innercity Employment
	Swedish Men and Women's Mobility Pattern: Issues of Social Equity and Ecological Sustainability
	The Urban Travel Behavior and Constraints of Low Income Households and Females in Pune, India
	Household Structure and Mobility Patterns of Women in O-D Surveys: Methods and Results Based on the Case Studies of Montreal and Paris
IV. WOMEN, SPACE, AND PLACE
	Run, Don't Walk: How Transportation Complicates Women's Balancing Act
	Gender, Work, and Space in an Information Society
	Women's Travel for Shopping in Traditional Neighborhoods: How Does a Woman's Role in the Household Affect Activity and Travel for Shopping?
	Non-Work Travel of Women: Patterns, Perceptions and Preferences
V. GENDER, RACE AND ETHNICITY: TRANSPORTATION INTERACTIONS
	Location, Race, and Labor Force Participation: Implications for Women of Color
	Transportation and Minority Women's Employment: Insights from New York
	Gender, Race, and Travel Behavior: An Analysis of Household-Serving Travel and Commuting in the San Francisco Bay Area
	Is Shorter Better? Analysis of Gender, Race, and Industrial Segmentation in San Francisco Bay Area Commuting Patterns
VI. THE TRAVEL PATTERNS OF WOMEN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS
	The Mobility Consequences of the Reduction or Cessation of Driving by Older Women
	The Transportation Needs of American Women in a Cross-Cultural Context
	Household and Trip-Making Characteristics of Zero Vehicle Households in Northeast Illinois
VII. WOMEN'S SAFETY AND SECURITY ISSUES
	Women, Alcohol, and Traffic Safety
	Are Women Taking More Risks While Driving? A Look at Michigan Drivers
	Differences Between Male and Female Involvement in Motor Vehicle Collisions in Hawaii, 1986-1993
	The Risk of Ankle/Foot Fractures Among Women Drivers
	Air Bags and Children: Results of National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Special Investigation Into Actual Crashes
	Women and Transit Security: A New Look at an Old Issue
VIII. WOMEN IN THE TRANSIT INDUSTRY
	Perspective on Transit Industry Response to Increased Gender Awareness
	Women in Transit: Findings from African-Americans, Other Minorities, and Women in the Transit Industry
	Transport Education and Training: What is Valued? What is Needed?
	Where Do Women Feature in Public Transport?
IX. TRANSPORTATION POLICY ISSUES WITH SPECIAL IMPLICATIONS FOR WOMEN
	From Wooing Soccer Moms to Demonizing Welfare Mothers: A Legislative and Policy Context for Women's Travel
	Linking Social Context with Transportation Planning
	The Influence of Gender and Occupation on Individual Perceptions of Telecommuting
	Behavioral Response to Congestion: Indentifying Patterns and Socioeconomic Differences in Adoption
	Automobile Insurance Pricing: Operating Cost Versus Ownship Cost; the Implications for Women
	Trip Reduction Incentives: Gender Differences and Policy Implications
Poster Session Abstracts:
	Access to Public Transportation and Patterns of Career Development Among African-American Women
	An Analysis of Trip Behaviour Patterns of Women in Developing Coutries: A Case Study of Puebla, Mexico
	Measuring Women's Non-Work Transportation Needs in Urban Areas
	Swedish National Travel Surveys
	Temporal Changes in Gender-Based Travel on Florida's Commuter Rail System
	Comparative Analysis of Travel Characteristics of Women and Men in the Baltimore Area
	An Intercept Survey of Walking Along New Lots Avenue Prior to a Street Lighting Improvement
X. RESEARCH AGENDA