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This report is an archived publication and may contain dated technical, contact, and link information
Publication Number: FHWA-RD-07-052
Date: September 2007

Long Term Pavement Performance Project Laboratory Materials Testing and Handling Guide

Protocol P32
Test Method for Determinationof Compressive Strengthof Other Than Asphalt Treated Base and Subbase Cores (TB02)

This LTPP Protocol covers the determination of the compressive strength of other than asphalt treated (OTB) base and subbase cores. This protocol also covers the determination of the compressive strength of treated subgrade cores. The OTB materials include lean concrete, econocrete, soil cement, lime-treated soils, and chemical stabilized soils. The selection of the test method (Methods "A" and "B" described later in this protocol) to be used should be based on the condition and quality of the specimen to be tested as determined using Sections 9 and 11 of LTPP Protocol P31.

Selection of Test Methods

(1) Strong, and durable OTB treated materials include lean concrete, econocrete, cement-aggregate and soils treated with cement, lime, cement- or lime-flyash, and chemical products. For these treated materials the test shall be carried out in accordance with ASTM C39-04a as modified by the following (LTPP Protocol P32 - Method "A"). Only sections of the referenced ASTM standard which have been modified are included below. In all other sections the standard ASTM C39-04a shall be followed as written.

(2) For weak, crumbly, cracked, soft and nondurable specimens of cement, lime and/or flyash treated and other OTB materials the test shall be carried out in accordance with ASTM D2166-00, as modified by the following (LTPP Protocol P32 - Method "B"). Only sections of the referenced ASTM standards which have been modified are included below. In all other sections the standard ASTM D2166-00 shall be followed as written.

(3) Cores retrieved from asphalt or bituminous treated pavement layers shall be tested using procedures described in LTPP Protocol P07.

Testing Sequence for Each Layer of Treated Material

Prior to testing, assign layer numbers using lab sheet L04. The testing sequence to be followed is as described below:

Step 1: Determine layer number (lab sheet L04); mark layer number on sample identification labels for every sample.

Step 2: Conduct preliminary identification of the treated material and measure thickness using Section 9 of LTPP Protocol P31.

Step 3: (a) DO NOT PERFORM THE P32 TESTS if suitable cores for the P32 tests are not available or the thickness of the treated layer is less than 3 inches (76 mm). (b) Go to step 4 if the thickness of the treated material is 3 inches (76 mm) or more and intact cores suitable for the P32 are available.

Step 4: Select cores for LTPP Protocol P32 - Method A or B (for OTB materials) following preliminary identification procedures described in Sections 9 and 11 of LTPP Protocol P31.

Step 5: Depending on the outcome of Step 4 above, apply LTPP Protocol P32 - Method A or B for OTB materials.

Step 6: Save remnants and broken pieces of the core tested in Step 5 above for detailed description as defined in Sections 10 and 11 of LTPP Protocol P31.

Definitions

The following definitions will be used throughout this protocol:

(a) Layer: That part of the pavement produced with similar material and placed with similar equipment and techniques. The material within a particular layer is assumed to be homogeneous. The layer thickness can be equal to or less than the core thickness or length.

(b) Treated Base or Subbase Materials: Treated base or subbase materials are bound or stabilized layers of base or subbase. The terms (treated, bound, stabilized) are used interchangeably in reference to base and subbase layers containing a cementing or binding type of agent. For LTPP terminology and codes, see Table 4.29 of this Guide.

(c) Asphalt Treated Base (ATB) or Subbase: Asphalt treated base and subbase materials (ATB, also known as bituminous treated materials) include soils, aggregate and soil-aggregate mixtures bound by asphalt or bitumen. Examples are asphalt treated aggregate base, soil-asphalt, and sand-asphalt. Typically these materials are produced by cold- mix and mixed-in-place procedures. Samples of ATB type materials shall be tested using Protocols P31 and P07 procedures only.

(d) Other than Asphalt Treated Base or Subbase (OTB): Other than asphalt treated base and subbase materials include all types of treated materials for which asphalt or bitumen was not used as a binding agent. Typical OTB materials range from very strong and durable to weak and less durable treated materials. Examples of very strong materials are lean concrete, econocrete, and cement- aggregate. The following materials may range from strong to weak; soil cement, lime-treated soils, flyash-treated soils. Materials stabilized with chemicals, industrial wastes, and different kinds of proprietary products are also included in the category of OTB materials. Samples of OTB materials shall be tested using Protocols P31 and P32 procedures only.

(e) Treated Subgrade: Treated subgrade materials are bound or stabilized layers of subgrade. The terms (treated, bound, stabilized) are used interchangeably in reference to the treated subgrade containing a cementing or binding type of agent. Table 4.26 and Table 4.29 of this Guide should be consulted to assign appropriate LTPP terminology and codes for the description of treated subgrade material and type of treatment respectively. The treated subgrade may be asphalt treated material (for example, ATB) or other than asphalt treated (OTB) material (for example, lime, cement, lime- and cement- flyash, polymer and chemical treated subgrade; but not lean concrete and econocrete).

(f) Core: An intact cylindrical specimen of the pavement material that is removed from the pavement by drilling at the designated location. A core can consist of, or include, one, two or more different layers.

(g) Chunks: Chunks (large pieces) of treated base, subbase or subgrade are extracted from the full thickness of each layer in the test pit area and/or the 12-inch (305-mm) diameter BA... type borehole(s). An undisturbed block sample (12-inch [305-mm] square) may also be taken from the field in certain cases. A chunk is always smaller than a block sample. If chunks or block samples of the treated material cannot be recovered, then smaller pieces of the treated material are collected in the field for shipment to the laboratory.

(h) Sample: A representative portion of material from one or more pavement layers received from the field. A sample can be a core, block, chunk, pieces, bulk, thin-walled tube or jar sample.

(i) Test Specimen: That part of the layer which is used for or in the specified test. The thickness of the test specimen can be equal to or less than the layer thickness.

Test Core Locations:

The locations for P32 testing are shown on the laboratory testing plans developed for each project.

Assignment of Laboratory Test Numbers

(a) The results of each test determined from the specified cores of the treated layer shall be assigned Laboratory Test Number "1", if these samples were retrieved from near the beginning of the test section (Station 0-).

(b) The results of each test determined from the specified cores of the treated layer shall be assigned Laboratory Test Number "2", if these samples were retrieved from near the end of the test section (Station 5+).

(c) The results of each test determined from the specified cores of the treated layer shall be assigned Laboratory Test Number "3", if these samples were retrieved from within the test section (Stations 0+00 to 5+00).

LTPP PROTOCOL P32 - METHOD A

The test shall be carried out in accordance with ASTM C39-04a as modified herein. Those sections of the ASTM standard included in the following by reference and without modifications shall be followed as written in the ASTM standard. All other sections of this protocol shall be followed as herein written.

1. SCOPE

1.1 This test covers the determination of the compressive strength of strong and durable cores of other than asphalt treated (OTB) base and subbase materials. The test is performed on 4-inch (102-mm) diameter cores taken from a pavement section. Examples of strong and durable OTB materials are lean concrete, econocrete and cement-aggregate.

1.2 This protocol also applies to the determination of the compressive strength of strong and durable 4-inch (102-mm) diameter cores of treated subgrade of other than asphalt treated materials.

2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

2.1 ASTM Standards: As listed in ASTM C39-04a.

2.2 AASHTO Standards: As listed in AASHTO T22-88I.

AASHTO T22-88I Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens

2.3 LTPP Protocol:

P31 Test Method for Identification and Description of Treated Base and Subbase Materials, and Determination of Type of Treatment.

P07 Test Method for Determining the Creep Compliance, Resilient Modulus and Strength of Asphalt Materials Using the Indirect Tensile Test Device

2.4 Other LTPP Documents: LTPP Laboratory Material Testing Guide.

3. SUMMARY OF METHOD

3.1 This method consists of applying a compressive axial load to test specimens at a rate which is within a prescribed range until failure occurs. The compressive strength of the specimen is calculated by dividing the maximum load attained during the test by the cross-sectional area of the specimen.

4. SIGNIFICANCE AND USE

4.1 As described in Section 4.1 of ASTM C39-04a.

4.2 This test method may be used to determine the compressive strength of cores prepared in accordance with Section 6.2 of ASTM C39-04a.

4.3 Delete Section 4.3 of ASTM C39-04a.

5. APPARATUS

As listed in Section 5 of ASTM C39-04a.

6. TEST SPECIMENS

6.1 The following LTPP rules shall be followed to prepare cores for testing.

(a) Some pavement sections may contain very thin layers such as leveling courses or bond breaker courses placed on top of the base or subbase layers. These very thin layers are not to be tested and are to be removed prior to testing the treated base or subbase core(s).

(b) The core of the treated material may have bonded particles from an unbounded layer and/or particles of an AC layer. These bonded particles shall be removed by wedging, or by chisel and hammer. Care shall be exercised so that the cores are not damaged in this process. If the core is damaged so that it is unsuitable for thickness measurement, then comment code 07 shall be used to record this damaged condition for the OTB materials. The comment code 07 is described in Attachment "A" to Protocol P32.

(c) The LTPP rules for core preparation, described in Section 6.1 (a) and (b) of this protocol shall also apply to the cores of treated subgrade.

6.2 Separate all individual treated base and subbase layers within the core, chunk or piece sample using the following LTPP rules.

(a) Rule #1: Sawing of the treated base and subbase core is not required if the sample consists of only one layer.

(b) Rule #2: Two or more treated layers within a core shall be separated if the layers are 3 inches (76 mm) thick or more.

(c) Rule #3: A treated layer of 3 inches (76 mm) or more shall be separated by carefully sawing the sample prior to testing so as to have the least amount of disturbance. Comment code 93 shall be used in reporting the test results on Form T32.

(d) Rule #4: If the thickness of a treated layer is less than 3 inches (76 mm) then only the Protocol P31 test shall be performed on this thin layer. Appropriate comment code 91 or 92 shall be used in reporting the test results on Form T32. No separation of this layer is to be done.

(e) Rule #5: Separate the treated layer from the sample according to the criteria given in Rules #3 and 4. Special care shall be taken for sawing treated base and subbase cores so as to provide minimum disturbance. Perform the sawing operation on the interface of the treated layer to be separated so that the material will not be weakened by shock or by heating. The sawed surfaces of cores shall be smooth, parallel, and free from steps, ridges and grooves. Take care in handling the sawed specimens to avoid chipping or cracking. Dry the specimens by air at an approximate room temperature (60°F [16°C] to 75°F [24°C]). Assign the appropriate layer number and sample identification for core, chunk or piece samples.

6.3 (a) The P32 test shall be performed on 4-inch (102-mm) diameter cores taken from a 3-inch (76-mm) or thicker treated layer. Comment code 93 shall be used to record this condition on Form T32. The thickness of the treated layer as determined by the P31 test procedure shall also be recorded on Form T32.

(b) The P32 test shall not be performed if the thickness of the treated layer as determined by the P31 test procedure is less than 3 inches (76 mm). Appropriate comment code 91 or 92 shall be used to record this condition on Form T32.

(c) The P32 test shall not be performed if intact cores suitable for testing are not available. Comment code 92 shall be used to record this condition on Form T32.

(d) Visual examination code(s) from Attachment A to Protocol P32 shall be used to record the condition of the test specimen on Form T32.

6.4 The length of the specimen when capped shall be as nearly as practicable twice its diameter. Follow Section 6.2 of ASTM C39-04a for specimen end preparation. The test specimen shall be prepared to achieve a desired length to diameter (L/D) ratio of approximately 2.0 by sawing and/or grinding the bottom and top ends of the core of a treated base/subbase layer. Moisture conditioning of the specimens is not required.

6.5 Neither end of the test specimens when tested shall depart from perpendicularity to the axis by more than 0.5° (approximately equivalent to ? inch in 12 inches [3 mm in 305 mm]). The test specimens shall always be capped at both ends by following AASHTO T231-87I procedures for capping hardened concrete specimens.

6.6 The diameter (D) used for calculating the cross-sectional area of the test specimen shall be determined to the nearest 0.01 inch (0.25 mm) by averaging two diameters measured by a caliper at right angles to each other at about the mid-height of the specimen.

6.7 Measure the length of the specimen before capping (LO) and measure the length of the capped specimen (L) prior to testing to the nearest 0.1 inch (2.5 mm). The length shall be determined by averaging four measurements equally spaced around the specimen.

6.8 Use the length of the capped specimen to compute the L/D ratio. This ratio is required to be reported. If the ratio exceeds 2.10, the specimen shall be further reduced in length. Specimens within the ratio of 1.80 to 2.10 require no correction in the measured compressive strength.

6.9 If the L/D ratio is less than 1.80, apply the correction factor shown below. Values not given in the table shall be determined by interpolation.

L/D Ratio Correction Factor
1.75 0.98
1.50 0.96
1.25 0.93
1.00 0.87

6.10 Care shall be exercised during sample preparation so that the length of a specimen is not reduced to the extent that L/D ratio becomes less than 1.0. However, if for any reason the L/D ratio is less than 1.0 the test shall be performed, the actual L/D ratio reported and special comment code 95 (see Section 9.4) included in the report on Form T32 that explains the reason for the low value of the L/D ratio. Apply a correction factor of 0.87 to the specimen with the L/D ratio less than 1.0.

7. PROCEDURE

7.1 Delete Section 7.1 of ASTM C39-04a.

7.2 Delete Section 7.2 of ASTM C39-04a.

7.3 Delete Section 7.3 of ASTM C39-04a.

7.4 As described in Section 7.4 of ASTM C39-04a.

7.5 As described in Section 7.5 of ASTM C39-04a.

7.6 As described in Section 7.6 of ASTM C39-04a.

8. CALCULATION

As described in Section 8 of ASTM C39-04a.

9. REPORT

The following information is to be recorded on Form T32:

9.1 Sample Identification shall include: Laboratory Identification Code, Region, State, State Code, SHRP ID, Layer Number, Field Set Number, Sample Area Number, Sample Location Number, LTPP Sample Number.

9.2 Test identification shall include: LTPP Test Designation, LTPP Protocol Number, Laboratory Test Number, Test Date.

9.3 Test Results

Report the following:

(a) Thickness of the treated layer to the nearest 0.1 inch, and thickness code as determined by the P31 test (Section 11.3.1 (c) of Protocol P31).

(b) Visual examination code(s) and a note not exceeding 25 characters according to Attachment A of Protocol P32.

(c) Diameter (D) to nearest 0.01 inch.

(d) Length before capping (LO), Length after capping (L), to the nearest 0.1 inch.

(e) Length to diameter (L/D) ratio, and correction factor.

(f) Cross-sectional area, in square inches to the nearest 0.01 inch2.

(g) Maximum load, in pounds-force.

(h) Compressive strength (CS), calculated to the nearest 10 psi after applying the appropriate correction factor.

(i) Type of fracture (see Fig. 2 of AASHTO T22-88I and as described below:).

Fracture Type Code
(a) Cone 11
(b) Cone and split 12
(c) Cone and shear 13
(d) Shear 14
(e) Columnar 15
(f) Other type (explain in a note not exceeding 25 characters 16

9.4 Comments shall include LTPP standard comment code(s), as shown in Section 4.3 of this Guide and any other note, as needed. Additional codes for special comments associated with Protocol P32 - Method A are given below.

Code Comment
91 The thickness of the treated layer was determined in the laboratory using the intact cores and the Protocol P31 procedure. Compressive strength test (Protocol P32 for OTB materials) or resilient modulus test (Protocol P07 for ATB materials) was not performed on the cores from the designated locations, because the thickness is less than 3 inches (76 mm).
92 Intact cores were not available. The thickness of the treated layer was averaged from the information available on field exploration logs and used as is in reporting the test results of Protocol P31 on Form T31. The Protocol P31 test was conducted on chunks and pieces. Compressive strength test on OTB materials (Protocol P32) or resilient modulus test on ATB materials (Protocol P07) not performed.
93 The thickness of the treated layer was 3 inches (76 mm) or more as determined from the intact cores. Protocol P31 test was performed. Other tests were or will be performed on intact cores using Protocol P32 (compressive strength for other than asphalt treated materials, OTB) or P07 (resilient modulus for asphalt treated materials, ATB).
95 Length to diameter ratio was less than 1.0 because the layer thickness was less than the diameter of the specimen. A correction factor of 0.87 was applied to calculate the compressive strength.

9.5 Use Form T32 (Test Sheet T32) to report the above information (Items 9.1 to 9.4).

LTPP PROTOCOL P32 - METHOD "B"

The test shall be carried out in accordance with ASTM D2166-85 as modified herein. Those sections of the ASTM standard included in the following by reference and without modifications shall be followed as written in the ASTM standards. All other sections of this protocol shall be followed as herein written.

10. SCOPE

10.1 This test covers the determination of the compressive strength of weak, soft and/or cracked and nondurable 4-inch (102-mm) diameter cores of other than asphalt treated (OTB) base and/or subbase materials, taken from a pavement section. Examples of treated materials are soil cement and lime treated soil.

10.2 This protocol also applies to the determination of the compressive strength of weak and nondurable 4-inch (102-mm) diameter cores of treated subgrade of other than asphalt treated materials.

10.3 Delete Section 1 of ASTM D2166-00 except:

Section 1.6 of ASTM D2166-00 the values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.

11. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

11.1 ASTM Standards: As listed in ASTM D2166-00, Section 2.

11.2 LTPP Protocols:

P31 Test Method for Identification and Description of Treated Base and Subbase Materials, and Determination of Type of Treatment.

P07 Test Method for Determining the Creep Compliance, Resilient Modulus and Strength of Asphalt Materials Using the Indirect Tensile Test Device

11.3 Other LTPP Documents: LTPP Laboratory Material Testing Guide, Section 4.3

12. TERMINOLOGY

Same as defined in Section 3 of ASTM D2166-00.

13. APPARATUS

As required in Section 5 of ASTM D2166-00

14. PREPARATION OF TEST SPECIMENS

Change Section 6 of ASTM D2166-00 to Section 6 of LTPP Protocol P32 - Method A.

15. PROCEDURE

Delete Section 7 of ASTM D2166-00 except for Section 7.1 as modified below:

7.1 Place the specimen in the loading device so that it is centered on the bottom platen. Adjust the loading device carefully so that the upper platen just makes contact with the specimen. Zero the deformation indicator. Apply the load so as to produce an axial strain at a rate of ½ to 2%/min. Softer material should be tested at a higher rate of strain. Conversely stiff and brittle material shall be tested at a lower rate of strain. Record load, deformation, and time values at sufficient intervals to define the shape of the stress-strain curve (usually 10 to 15 points are sufficient). The rate of strain should be chosen so that the time to failure does not exceed about 15 minutes. Continue loading until the load values decrease with increasing strain, or until 15% is reached.

16. CALCULATIONS

16.1 Perform calculations as defined in Sections 8.1 through 8.4 of ASTM D2166-00.

16.2 Use the procedure described in Section 8.4 of ASTM D2166-00 to calculate unconfined compressive strength. Include the graph of the stress-strain data with Form T32.

16.3 Delete Section 8.5 of ASTM D2166-00.

17. REPORT

The following information is to be recorded on Form T32:

17.1 Sample Identification shall include: Laboratory Identification Code, Region, State, State Code, SHRP ID, Layer Number, Field Set Number, Sample Area Number, Sample Location Number, LTPP Sample Number.

17.2 Test identification shall include: LTPP Test Designation, LTPP Protocol Number, Laboratory Test Number, Test Date.

17.3 Test Results

Report the following:

(a) Thickness of treated layer to the nearest 0.1 inch and thickness code as determined by the P31 test (Section 11.3.1 (c) of Protocol P31).

(b) Visual Examination code(s) and a note not exceeding 25 characters according to Attachment A of Protocol P32.

(c) Diameter (D) to nearest 0.01 inch.

(d) Length before capping (LO), Length after capping (L), to the nearest 0.1 inch.

(e) Length to diameter (L/D) ratio, and correction factor.

(f) Cross-sectional area, in square inches to the nearest 0.01 inch2.

(g) Maximum load, in pounds-force.

(h) Compressive strength (CS), calculated to the nearest 10 psi after applying the appropriate correction factor.

(i) Type of fracture (see description below).

Fracture Type Code
(a) Cone 11
(b) Cone and split 12
(c) Cone and shear 13
(d) Shear 14
(e) Columnar 15
(f) Other type (explain in a note not exceeding 25 characters) 26

(j) Include the graph of the stress-strain data with Form T32.

17.4 Comments shall include LTPP standard comment code(s), as shown in Section 4.3 of this Guide and any other note, as needed. Additional codes for special comments associated with Protocol P32 - Method B are given below.

Code Comment
91 The thickness of the treated layer was determined in the laboratory using the intact cores and the Protocol P31 procedure. Compressive strength test (Protocol P32 for OTB materials) or resilient modulus test (Protocol P07 for ATB materials) was not performed on the cores from the designated locations, because the thickness is less than 3 inches (76 mm).
92 Intact cores were not available. The thickness of the treated layer was averaged from the information available on field exploration logs and used as is in reporting the test results of Protocol P31 on Form T31. The Protocol P31 test was conducted on chunks and pieces. Compressive strength test on OTB materials (Protocol P32) or resilient modulus test on ATB materials (Protocol P07) was not performed.
93 The thickness of the treated layer was 3 inches (76 mm) or more as determined from the intact cores. Protocol P31 test was performed. Other tests were or will be performed on intact cores using Protocol P32 (compressive strength for other than asphalt treated materials, OTB) or P07 (resilient modulus for asphalt treated materials, ATB).
95 Length to diameter ratio was less than 1.0 because the layer thickness was less than the diameter of the specimen. A correction factor of 0.87 was applied to calculate the compressive strength.

17.5 Use Form T32 (Test Sheet T32) to report the above information (Items 17.1 to 17.4).

APPENDIX "A" TO LTPP PROTOCOL P32
CODES FOR VISUAL EXAMINATION OF OTHER THAN ASPHALT TREATED BASE AND SUBBASE (OTB) MATERIALS AND TREATED SUBGRADE

This attachment to LTPP Protocol P32 describes a series of two-digit codes for reporting the results of visual examination of OTB, subbase, and subgrade cores such as lean concrete, econocrete, cement-aggregate, lime-treated soils and soil cement.

Code Description
51 Intact core; excellent condition; suitable for testing.
52 Hairline cracks on the surface of the core; suitable for testing.
53 Cracks and/or voids visible along the side of the core; core is suitable for testing.
54 Badly cracked or damaged core; unsuitable for testing; suitable for thickness measurements.
55 Ridges on the sides of the cores; (Identify by placing a straightedge along the side of the core when the distance between the straightedge and core face is 1/16 inch [2 mm] or greater); such a condition should be recorded for P32 and for any other test if the core is designated for such a purpose.
56 Very rough and uneven bottom surface of the core. Place the core on a level surface. Identify with this code when less than 75% of the surface area is in contact with a level surface when the core is perpendicular to the surface.
57 Core extremely damaged from sampling, shipping, or laboratory handling; unsuitable for testing. Core thickness cannot be measured.
58 Treated base core was sawed in the laboratory to remove the core from the underlying bonded layer of subbase.
59 Core consisted of two or more layers of treated material. Core was sawed in the laboratory and appropriate layer numbers were assigned to each layer.
60 One or more treated material layers have become separated, appropriate layer numbers were assigned to each layer.
61 Segregation of coarse and fine aggregate is observed over 25% or more of the surface area of the core.
62 Voids in the matrix of the treated base/subbase mixture are observed along the sides of the core.
63 Voids due to loss of coarse and fine aggregate are observed along the sides of the core.
64 Core is missing significant portions and cannot be considered a coherent cylindrical core; unsuitable for testing. Do not test for LTPP Protocols P32 or P07.
65 Coarse aggregate along the face of the core contains 50% or more of crushed materials with fractured faces.
66 Coarse aggregate along the face of the core is a mixture of uncrushed gravel and crushed gravel or stone.
67 The exposed aggregates along the face of the core are lightweight aggregate.
68 More than 10% of the surface area of the core contains soft and deleterious aggregate particles or clay balls. Soft aggregates are defined as those aggregates that can be easily scratched with a knife.
69 Cracks are generally across or through the coarse aggregate.
70 Cracks are generally around the periphery of the coarse aggregate.
72 Rims are observed on aggregate.
73 Fine aggregate is natural sand.
74 Fine aggregate is manufactured sand.
75 Fine aggregate is a mixture of natural and manufactured sand.
79 Core indicates deterioration that may be due to freeze-thaw cycles of the pavement layers.
80 Core indicates sulfate attack. Concrete or cement treated material is deteriorated because of volume change caused by chemical and physical reaction or both with sulfates sometimes found in groundwater or soils.
81 Core indicates alkali silica reactivity. It is shown by the expansion of reactive aggregates. As expansion occurs, the cement matrix is disrupted and cracks. It appears as a map cracked area.
82 Skewed core. A core, after being placed on a level, horizontal surface, is considered skewed when either end of the core departs from perpendicularity to the axis by more than 0.5° or ? inch in 12 inches (3 mm in 305 mm).
99 Other comment (describe in a note).

Any six codes from the above list can be used to report the results of the visual examination. A note may also be recorded (the note shall not be more than 25 characters long).

LTPP LABORATORY MATERIAL HANDLING AND TESTING
LABORATORY MATERIAL TEST DATA
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF TREATED BASE/SUBBASE AND SUBGRADE CORES
LAB DATA SHEET T32

TREATED BASE/SUBBASE AND SUBGRADE LAYERS
LTPP TEST DESIGNATION TB02/LTPP PROTOCOL P32

LABORATORY PERFORMING TEST:______________________________________________________________

LABORATORY IDENTIFICATION CODE:__ __ __ __

REGION _________________ STATE ___________________ STATE CODE __ __

EXPERIMENT NO _____ SHRP ID __ __ __ __

SAMPLED BY: ______________________________________________ FIELD SET NO. __

DATE SAMPLED: __ __-__ __-__ __ __ __

TREATED LAYER MATERIAL TYPE: CIRCLE ONE TREATED BASE/TREATED SUBBASE/TREATED SUBGRADE

1. LAYER NUMBER (FROM LAB SHEET L04) __

2. SAMPLING AREA NO. (SA-) _ _ _ _

4. LABORATORY TEST NUMBER _ _

5. LOCATION NUMBER _ _ _ _ _ _

6. LTPP SAMPLE NUMBER _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

7. LTPP PROTOCOL P32, METHOD (A OR B) _ _

8. TEST RESULTS (SECTION 9.3 OR 17.3 OF PROTOCOL P32)

      (a) TREATED LAYER INFORMATION (FROM FORM T31)

      THICKNESS, INCHES _ _._ _ _._

      THICKNESS, CODE _ _ _ _

      (b) VISUAL EXAMINATION CODE _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

NOTE _____________ _____________

      (c) DIAMETER (D), INCHES _._ _ _._ _

      (d) SPECIMEN LENGTH, INCHES

      BEFORE CAPPING, (LO) _ _._ _ _._

      AFTER CAPPING, (L) _ _._ _ _._

      (e) L/D RATIO _._ _ _._ _

      (f) CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA (A), SQ. IN. _ _._ _ _ _._ _

      (g) MAXIMUM LOAD, LBF _ _ _ _ _ _. _ _ _ _ _ _.

      (h) COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (CS), PSI _ _ _ _ _. _ _ _ _ _.

      (AFTER APPLYING CORRECTION FACTOR)

      (i) TYPE OF FRACTURE (FR),
        (a) CODE _ _ _ _

        (b) NOTE ____________ ____________

      (j) GRAPH OF STRESS-STRAIN DATA ____ ____

      (METHOD B) ATTACHED (YES OR NO)

9. COMMENTS (SECTION 9.4 OR 17.4 OF SHRP PROTOCOL P32)

      (a) CODE _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

      (b) NOTE ____________ ____________ ___________

10. TEST DATE _ _-_ _-_ _ _ _ _ _-_ _-_ _ _ _

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

GENERAL REMARKS:___________________________________________________________________________
SUBMITTED BY, DATECHECKED AND APPROVED, DATE
____________________________________________________________
LABORATORY CHIEF
Affiliation______________________
Affiliation______________________

 

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