Development of Human Factors Guidelines for Advanced Traveler Information Systems and Commercial Vehicle Operations: Definition and Prioritization of Research Studies
FOREWORD
This report is one of a series produced as part of a contract designed to develop precise, detailed human factors design guidelines for Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) and Commercial Vehicle Operations (CVO). The contractual effort consists of three phases: analytic, empirical, and integration. This report is a product of the analytic phase. Among the other analytic topics discussed in the series are ATIS and CVO system objectives and performance requirements, functional description of ATIS/CVO, comparable systems analysis, task analysis of ATIS/CVO functions, alternate systems analysis, and identification and exploration of driver acceptance.
This report documents the systematic definition and prioritization of human factors research issues related to the implementation of in–vehicle ATIS and CVO systems.
Copies of this report can be obtained through the Research and Technology Report Center, 9701 Philadelphia Court, Unit Q, Lanham, Maryland 20706, telephone: (301) 577–0818, fax: (301) 577–1421, or the National Technical Information Service (NTIS), 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161, telephone: (703) 487–4650, fax: (703) 321–8547.
A. George Ostensen, Director
Office of Safety and Traffic
Operations Research and Development
NOTICE
This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The United States Government assumes no liability for its content or use thereof. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation.
The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade and manufacturers' names appear in this report only because they are considered essential to the object of the document.
TECHNICAL REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE
| 1. Report No. FHWA–RD–96–177 |
2. Government Accession No. |
3. Recipient's Catalog No. |
| 4. Title and Subtitle
DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN FACTORS GUIDELINES FOR ADVANCED TRAVELER INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND COMMERCIAL VEHICLE OPERATIONS: DEFINITION AND PRIORITIZATION OF
RESEARCH STUDIES
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5. Report Date October 1997 |
| 6. Performing Organization Code |
| 7. Author(s)
B.H. Kantowitz, J.D. Lee, S.C. Kantowitz
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8. Performing Organization Report No. |
| 9. Performing Organization Name and Address
Battelle Human Factors Transportation Center
4000 NE 41st Street
Seattle, WA 98105–0395
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10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) 3B4C
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| 11. Contract or Grant No. DTFH61–92–C–00102 |
| 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address
Office of Safety and Traffic Operations R&D
Federal Highway Administration
6300 Georgetown Pike
McLean, VA 22101–2296
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13. Type of Report and Period Covered
Technical Report
7/1/93 – 3/31/94
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| 14. Sponsoring Agency Code |
| 15. Supplementary Notes
Contracting Officer's Technical Representative (COTR): Joseph Moyer, HSR–30; Thomas Granda, SAIC
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| 16. Abstract
The goal of the activities documented in this report was to produce a prioritized list of candidate studies and issues that would guide data acquisition in
this project. This goal was accomplished in three steps. First, 91 issues were compiled from earlier research in this effort. Second, a set of 14 criteria,
9 substantive and 5 methodological, were defined. Eight experienced human factors experts completed all 2,184 cells in a rating matrix for a total of
17,472 rating entries in the data set. Third, a linear psychometric model was used to prioritize the 91 issues. The model was validated by sending the
raters three short prioritized lists, one of which was (unknown to the raters) a stratified random sample of studies and issues. Raters were asked to
delete unimportant and impractical research issues from these lists. They deleted significantly more items from the random list. The nine most vital
studies/issues from the final prioritized list are: cognitive demands in transitioning across ATIS functions, complex interactions among ATIS functions,
how ISIS and IVSAWS information influences behavior, effects of low information reliability, displaying multiple messages, features requiring
standardization, single versus multiple display channels, multimodal displays, and effects of display modality and format on CVO driver workload. The key
human factors issues listed here must be address to assure in–vehicle information systems are a safe and usable components of ITS.
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| 17. Key Words
Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS), Commercial Vehicle Operations (CVO), Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)
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18. Distribution Statement
No restrictions. This document is available to the public through the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia, 22161.
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| 19. Security Classif. (of this report) Unclassified |
20. Security Classif. (of this page) Unclassified |
21. No. of Pages 81 |
22. Price |
| Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72) |
Reproduction of completed page authorized |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
- HIGHEST PRIORITY STUDIES/ISSUES
- BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS OF STUDIES/ISSUES
A1. Examine the cognitive demands placed on the driver by the need to transition from one ATIS function to another A4. Identify how complex ATIS interactions among ATIS functions might affect driver understanding and response to the system B3. Identify how the information drivers need and want from road sign (ISIS) and warning systems (IVSAWS) might influence behavior -
C4. Examine how information reliability (e.g., false alarms) influences driver adaptation and enhance the potential for an improper response
to ISIS/IVSAWS
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C5. Investigate how to display multiple ISIS and IVSAWS messages so that drivers can identify relevant information and react appropriately
D2. Identify features that will benefit/require standardization across many types of ATIS systems and functions -
D4. Examine the performance differences associated with focusing all ISIS and IVSAWS information through either single or multiple display channels
D12. Evaluate the effectiveness of multimodality displays, such as voice in combination with text D17. Identify specific concerns regarding how display formats and modality impact CVO driver workload
- CONCLUSIONS
- NINE MOST VITAL STUDIES/ISSUES
LIST OF FIGURES
- Flowchart of Task I subtasks
- Goodman's/Kruskal's Gamma as a function of Safety weighting
- Goodman's/Kruskal's Gamma for each criterion
LIST OF TABLES
- Summary of working papers
- Rated studies/issues
- Rating criteria
- Criterion definition
- Top 20 ranked issues for Congestion
- Top 20 ranked issues for Safety
- Top 20 ranked issues for Mobility
- Top 20 ranked issues for Environment
- Top 20 ranked issues for Economic
- Top 20 ranked issues for Existing Data
- Top 20 ranked issues for Guidelines
- Top 20 ranked issues for Older Drivers
- Top 20 ranked issues for Younger Drivers
- Studies/Issues rated 4.50 or greater on single dimensions
- Final weighted rankings
- Number of studies/issues deleted by raters by list
- Studies/Issues added to List A by raters
- Studies/Issues deleted from List A by two raters
- Most vital studies/issues
- Validation rating forms––List A
- Validation rating forms––List C
LIST OF ACRONYMS
ATIS Advanced Traveler Information Systems
CVO Commercial Vehicle Operations
FHWA Federal Highway Administration
GPS global positioning system
h hour
HUD Head–Up Display
ISIS In–Vehicle Signing Information Systems
ITS Intelligent Transportation Systems
IVSAWS In–Vehicle Safety Advisory and Warning Systems
FHWA-RD-96-177
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