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Chapter 2. COMPILATION OF INFORMATION AND SPECIFICATIONS FROM HPC BRIDGES

Publication Number: FHWA-HRT-05-056
Date: October 2006

Chapter 2. COMPILATION OF INFORMATION AND SPECIFICATIONS FROM HPC BRIDGES

OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE

The objective of task A was to collect and compile information on concrete mixtures, concrete properties, research projects, girder fabrication, bridge construction, live-load tests, and specifications from each of the joint State-FHWA HPC bridge projects and other HPC bridge projects. This includes all information related to material properties and structural performance.

Information from a total of 19 bridges located in 14 States was collected. The States, abbreviated bridge names, and bridge locations are listed in table 1.

Table 1. HPC bridges included in the compilation.

State	Bridge Name	Location
Alabama	Highway 199	Highway 199 over Uphapee Creek, Macon County
Colorado	Yale Avenue	Interstate 25 (I-25) over Yale Avenue, Denver
Georgia	State Route (S.R.) 920	S.R. 920 (Jonesboro Road) over I-75
Louisiana	Charenton Canal Bridge	LA 87 over Charenton Canal in St. Mary Parish
Nebraska	120th Street	120th Street and Giles Road Bridge, Sarpy County
New Hampshire	Route 104, Bristol	Route 104 over Newfound River, Bristol
New Hampshire	Route 3A, Bristol	Route 3A over Newfound River, Bristol
New Mexico	Rio Puerco	Old Route 66 over the Rio Puerco
North Carolina	U.S. 401	Northbound U.S. 401 over Neuse River, Wake County
Ohio	U.S. Route 22 near Cambridge	U.S. Route 22 over Crooked Creek at Mile Post 6.57 near Cambridge in Guernsey County
South Dakota	I-29 Northbound	I-29 Northbound over Railroad in Minnehana County, Structure No. 50-181-155
South Dakota	I-29 Southbound	I-29 Southbound over Railroad in Minnehana County, Structure No. 50-180-155
Tennessee	Porter Road	Porter Road over S.R. 840, Dickson County
Tennessee	Hickman Road	Hickman Road over S.R. 840, Dickson County
Texas	Louetta Road	Louetta Road Overpass, State Highway (SH) 249, Houston
Texas	San Angelo	U.S. Route 67 over North Concho River, U.S. Route 87, and South Orient Railroad, San Angelo
Virginia	Route 40, Brookneal	Route 40 over Falling River, Brookneal, Lynchburg District
Virginia	Virginia Avenue, Richlands	Virginia Avenue over Clinch River, Richlands
Washington	S.R. 18	Eastbound lanes of S.R. 18 over S.R. 516 in King County

CD-ROM COMPILATION

The information collected to date has been placed on a CD-ROM for easy retrieval and viewing. On the CD-ROM, the information is presented in two formats. The first format consists of an individual compilation for each bridge. Each compilation contains information that is similar to that shown in tables 2 through 11 of this report. However, more details are provided in the compilation.

The compilation is divided into the following sections:

Description: This section contains a summary of the overall bridge features.
Benefits of HPC and Costs: Highlights why HPC was used in the bridge and provides total cost, cost per square foot, cost per foot, or any other information that was obtained.
Structural Design: Lists essential features about the structural design of the bridge.
Specified Items: This section includes relevant items that were required by the HPC special provisions. If items were not identified as being specified, the line is left blank.
Concrete Materials: This section lists information obtained before actual construction of the bridges. It represents the information that would normally be submitted for approval of concrete mix proportions plus additional data that were available because of the research component.
Concrete Material Properties: This section contains information obtained during the actual construction. It is separated into sections on material properties from quality control (QC) tests and material properties from research tests. Separate sections are provided for each HPC element used in the bridge, such as girders and deck.
Other Research Data: This section contains research data specifically related to the construction of the showcase bridge. The information varies considerably between compilations depending on the approach and interests of the researchers.
Other Related Research: This section contains other research information that was usually obtained prior to construction of the bridge.
Sources of Data: References for documents used for the compilation are listed. Some of the data were obtained directly from the States and do not appear in the published data. The names of individuals who supplied the data are listed.
Drawings: This section contains miscellaneous details to clarify the written information.
HPC Specifications: When available, the special provisions for HPC in the bridge are included.

The compiled information from each bridge may be opened as a Microsoft^® Word file from which a hard copy can be printed. For some of the data shown as graphs, the data are available in Microsoft^® Excel files. For proper execution of these options, it is necessary to have Word or Excel available on the computer being used to view the CD-ROM. Otherwise, all other software is contained on the CD-ROM.

The second format on the CD-ROM compilation consists of 10 summary tables that can be used to compare data from different States and different bridges. The information contained in the summary tables is not as detailed as the information in the individual bridge compilations. The 10 summary tables reflect the primary information contained in the following main sections of the individual bridge compilations.

Description (two tables).
Structural Design (one table).
Specified Items (two tables).
Concrete Materials (two tables).
Concrete Material Properties (three tables).

The summaries of the information in sections 4, 5, and 6 are divided into separate tables for the prestressed concrete girders and the cast-in-place concrete deck. The summary for section 6 is further divided into separate tables related to structural properties and durability properties. The summary information is included in tables 2 through 11 of this report. For comparison purposes, data originally in metric units have been converted to English units.

On the CD-ROM, information on a specific topic can be obtained by using the search option.

The CD-ROM is available in two versions. An interim version contained information collected during the first 15 months of this project. The final version of the CD-ROM contains all information collected for the project.

In the process of collecting the information, some inconsistencies in the data were noted. Attempts were made to resolve as many of these as possible within the time constraints of the project. Nevertheless, some inconsistencies still remain. Also, for most of the bridges, it was not possible to obtain all of the information listed in the compilation. Although the information may exist, obtaining 100 percent of the detailed information proved to be difficult and time-consuming. Blank spaces in tables 2 through 11 indicate that the data may exist, but were not collected or compiled.

Table 2. Major features of the prestressed concrete girders.

STATE	AL	CO	GA	LA	NE	NH	NH	NM	NC	OH
BRIDGE NAME	AL 199	Yale Ave.	S.R. 920	Charenton	120th St.	Route 104	Route 3A	Rio Puerco	U.S. 401	U.S. 22
Girder Type	BT-54	BOX	II, IV	III	NU1100	III	NE 1000	BT1600	IV, III	B42–48
Girder Depth, inches	54	30	36, 54	45	43.3	45	39.4	63	54, 45	42
Maximum Span, feet (ft)	114	112	127.1	72	75	65	60	101.1	91.9	115.5
Maximum Spacing, ft	8.75	Adjacent	7.6	10	12.4	12.5	11.5	12.6	10.2	Adjacent
Maximum No. of Strands	50	64	56	34	30	40	26	42	30	30
Diameter of Strands, inches	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.6	0.6
Concrete Strengths
Specified at Release, psi	8,000	6,500	8,000	7,000	5,500	6,500	5,500	7,000	7,000	6,000
Actual at Release, psi	8,040–9,810	5,600– 10,900	10,464	7,618– 9,852	8,471	6,700	6,800	7,325	7,700-10,500	6,670– 9,210
Age at Release, hours (h)	19–45	—	24	21–40	—	14–17	—	72	27	18
Specified Design, psi	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000	12,000	8,000	8,000	10,000	10,000	10,000
Actual at Design Age, psi	8,440−11,060	7,800– 14,000	13,300	10,502– 12,023	13,944	7,755	11,200	10,151	11,800−15,000	9,570– 12,920
Design Age, days	28	56	56	56	56	28	28	56	28	56

1 ft = 0.305 m
1 in = 25.4 millimeters (mm)
1 psi = 6.89 MPa

Table 2. Major features of the prestressed concrete girders—Continued

STATE	SD	SD	TN	TN	TX (Louetta)¹		TX (San Angelo)¹		VA	VA	WA
BRIDGE NAME	I-29 NB	I-29 SB	Porter	Hickman	NB	SB	EB²	WB	Route 40	VA Ave.	S.R. 18
Girder Type	II	II	BT-72	BT-72	U 54	U 54	IV	IV	IV	III	W74G
Girder Depth, inches	36	36	72	72	54	54	54	54	54	45	73.5
Maximum Span, ft	61	61	159	151.33	136.5	134.0	157	140.3	80	74	137
Maximum Spacing, ft	11.4	11.4	8.33	8.33	12.94	16.62	11	8.26	10	9.25	8
Maximum No. of Strands	32	32	54	50	87	87	C	64	54	34	40
Diameter of Strands, inches	0.5	0.5	0.6 sp	9/16	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.6
Concrete Strengths
Specified at Release, psi	8,520	8,520	8,000	8,000	8,800	8,800	8,100	6,600	6,000	6,800	7,400
Actual at Release, psi	—	—	8,635	8,719	9,190	9,680	11,630	8,560	7,340 s 7,820 m	8,840	8,150
Age at Release, h	—	—	24–72	24–72	21	21	46	—	18 s, 72 m	18	18–60
Specified Design, psi	9,900	9,900	10,000	10,000	13,100	13,100	14,000	8,900	8,000	10,000	10,000
Actual at Design Age, psi	15,900	13,250	9,651	10,529	14,440	14,550	15,240	10,130	9,060 s 11,490m	11,200	12,220
Design Age, days	28	28	28	28	28³	28³	28³	28	28	28	56

1 ft = 0.305 m
1 in = 25.4 mm
1 psi = 6.89 MPa

¹ For the Texas bridges, different concrete strengths were specified for different girder span lengths. Listed strengths are the largest values.
² Values are for modified design.
³ Specified at 56 days, generally tested at 28 days.
c = combination of pretensioning and post-tensioning was used, m = moist curing, s = steam curing, sp = special.

Table 3. Major features of the cast-in-place concrete decks.

STATE	AL	CO	GA	LA	NE	NH	NH	NM	NC	OH¹
BRIDGE NAME	AL 199	Yale Ave.	S.R. 920	Charenton	120th St.	Route 104	Route 3A	Rio Puerco	U.S. 401	U.S. 22
Total Deck Thickness, inches	7	11.5	8	8	7.5	9	9	8.7	8.5	5.5
Curing Type²	Wet	Wet³	Wet	Wet	Wet	Wet	Wet	Wet	Moist	—
Curing Duration, days	7	5	7	7	8	4	7	14	7	—
Permeability
Specified, coulombs (C)	—	—	2,000	2,000	1,800	1,000	1,000	—	—	—
Actual, C	2,870	5,597	3,963	1,390	589	753	1,060	—	—	—
Age, days	56	—	56	56	56	56	56	—	—	—
Concrete Strengths
Specified, psi	6,000	5,076	7,250	4,200	8,000	6,000	6,000	6,000	6,000	—
Actual, psi	7,370	5,310	7,740	5,493	10,433	9,020	9,004	6,160	7,150	—
Age, days	28	28	56	28	56	28	28	28	28	—

1 psi = 6.89 MPa

Table 3. Major features of the cast-in-place concrete decks—Continued

STATE	SD	SD	TN	TN	TX (Louetta)		TX (San Angelo)		VA	VA	WA
BRIDGE NAME	I-29 NB	I-29 SB	Porter	Hickman	NB	SB	EB	WB	Route 40	VA Ave.	S.R. 18
Total Deck Thickness, inches	9	9	8.25	8.25	7.25	7.25	7.5	7.5	8.5	8.5	7.5
Curing Type²	Wet	Wet	Wet	Wet	Wet	Wet	Wet	Wet	Moist	Moist	Wet
Curing Duration, days	7	7	7	7	10	10	10	10	7	7	14
Permeability
Specified, C	—	—	1500	1500	—	—	—	—	2500	2500	—
Actual, C	461	1058	—	—	1730	900	—	—	778	1457	2645
Age, days	90	—	28⁴	28⁴	56	56	—	—	28⁴	28⁴	> 210
Concrete Strengths
Specified, psi	4,500	4,500	5,000	5,000	4,000	8,000	6,000	4,000	4,000	5,000	4,000
Actual, psi	7,070	6,170	8,265	6,460	5,700	9,100	7,345	6,120	6,600	5,400	5,490
Age, days	28	28	28	28	28	28	28	28	28	28	28

1 psi = 6.89 MPa

¹ Ohio bridge used had 5.5-inch-thick (139.7-mm-thick) top flange of the box beam and 3-inch-thick asphalt.
² The terminology is that used by the States. In general, wet curing and moist curing represent the same procedures.
³ May–September only. For November–March, membrane curing with insulated blankets was specified. For April and October, either method was allowed.
⁴ Includes 21 days at 100 degrees Fahrenheit ( °F) (37.8 degrees Celsius (°C)).

Table 4. Structural design considerations.

STATE	AL	CO	GA	LA	NE	NH	NH	NM	NC	OH
BRIDGE NAME	AL 199	Yale Ave.	S.R. 920	Charenton	120th St.	Route 104	Route 3A	Rio Puerco	U.S. 401	U.S. 22
Specifications	—	STD	STD	STD	STD	STD	STD	STD	STD	STD
Live Loads	—	HS 25	MS 18	HS 20	HS 20	HS 25	HS 25	MS 18	MS 18	HS 25
Prestress Loss, psi	—	65,753	64,500	49,500	—	—	48,800	—	35,585	19.6%
Allowable Tensile Stress
Top of Girder at Release, , psi	—	7.5	3.0	7.5	—	7.5	7.5	—	0	7.5
Bottom of Girder after Losses, , psi	—	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	3.0	0	—	6.0	6.0
Concrete Cover
Girder, inches	—	1	1.1–2.1	1	0.8–1.8	1	1.6	1	1.2, 1.5	2, 2.5, 1.25
Top of Deck, inches	2	2.5	2.75	2	2.25	3	3	2.5	2.5	—
Bottom of Deck, inches	1	—	1	1	1	1.25	1.75	1.3	1.2	—

1 psi = 6.89 MPa
1 in = 25.4 mm

Table 4. Structural design considerations—Continued

STATE	SD	SD	TN	TN	TX (Louetta)		TX (San Angelo)		VA	VA	WA
BRIDGE NAME	I-29 NB	I-29 SB	Porter	Hickman	NB	SB	EB	WB	Route 40	VA Ave.	S.R. 18
Specifications	STD	STD	STD	STD	STD	STD	STD	STD	STD	STD	LRFD
Live Loads	HS 25	HS 25	HS 20	HS 20	HS 20	HS 20	HS 20	HS 20	HS 20	HS 20	HL 93
Prestress Loss, psi	28%	28%	—	—	55,390	55,390	49,070	47,910	28%	30.81%	41,100
Allowable Tensile Stress
Top of Girder at Release, , psi	3	3	—	—	10	10	10	7.5	3	3	200 psi
Bottom of Girder after Losses, , psi	6	6	—	—	8	8	8	6	3	3	0
Concrete Cover
Girder, inches	1	1	Varies	Varies	1	1	1	—	2, 1	2, 1	1
Top of Deck, inches	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5	2	2	2	—	2.75¹	2.75¹	2.5
Bottom of Deck, inches	1	1	1	1	1.75²	1.75²	1.75²	—	1.5¹	2.75¹	1

1 psi = 6.89 MPa
1 in = 25.4 mm

¹ To center of bar.
² Cover to 0.375-inch-diameter (9.5 mm-diameter) strand in panels.
LRFD = AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications.
STD = AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges.

Table 5. Specified concrete properties for prestressed concrete girders.

STATE	AL	CO	GA	LA	NE	NH	NH	NM	NC	OH
BRIDGE NAME	AL 199	Yale Ave.	S.R. 920	Charenton	120th St.	Route 104	Route 3A	Rio Puerco	U.S. 401	U.S. 22
Max. Concrete Temp., °F	160	158	—	160	160	160	160	—	185	—
Slump, inches	≤ 8	—	2–7	≤ 10	—	5–7	5–7	—	≤ 8	6–8
Air Content, %	3.5–6	—	3.5–6.5	—	—	5–8	5	—	3–5	5–7
Girder Curing Method	ps	—	—	sc or h	—	s	—	s	s or h	s
Cylinder Curing Method	mc	—	mc, std	mc	s, std	mc	Mc	—	s or h	s, std
Concrete Strengths
Release, psi	8,000	6,500	8,000	7,000	5,500	6,500	5,500	7,000	7,000	6,000
Design, psi	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000	12,000	8000	8000	10,000	10,000	10,000
Design Age, days	28	56	56	≤ 56	56	28	28	28	28	56
Permeability
Specified, C	—	—	3000	2000	—	1000	1500	—	2000	1000
Age, days	—	—	56	56	—	56	56	—	—	56

1 psi = 6.89 MPa
°C = ( °F−32)*5/9

Table 5. Specified concrete properties for prestressed concrete girders—Continued

STATE	SD	SD	TN	TN	TX (Louetta)¹		TX (San Angelo)¹		VA	VA	WA
BRIDGE NAME	I-29 NB	I-29 SB	Porter	Hickman	NB	SB	EB²	WB	Route 40	VA Ave.	S.R. 18
Max. Concrete Temp., °F	—	—	—	—	—	140	—	—	190	190	—
Slump, inches	5	—	2–8	2–8	—	—	—	4–5	0–7	0–7	< 7
Air Content, %	5.5–7.5	—	4–8	4–8	—	—	—	—	3–6	3–6	—
Girder Curing Method	s, rh	—	—	—	sc, s	sc, s	sc, s	sc	s, m	s	—
Cylinder Curing Method	—	—	s	s	sc, s	sc, s	sc, s	sc	s, m	s	mc
Concrete Strengths
Release, psi	8,520	8,520	8,000	8,000	8,800	8,800	8,100	6,600	6,000	6,800	7,400
Design, psi	9,900	9,900	10,000	10,000	13,100	13,100	14,000	8,900	8,000	10,000	10,000
Design Age, days	28	28	28	28	56	56	56	28	28	28	56
Permeability
Specified, C	—	—	2500	2500	—	—	—	—	1500	1500	1000
Age, days	—	—	28³	28³	—	—	—	—	28³	28³	56

1 psi = 6.89 MPa
°C = ( °F−32)*5/9

¹ For the Texas bridges, different concrete strengths were specified for different girder span lengths. Listed strengths are the largest values.
² Values are for modified design.
³ Includes 21 days at 100 °F (37.8 °C).
h = heat curing, m = moist curing, mc = match curing, rh = radiant heat curing, ps = partial steam curing, s = steam curing, sc = self-curing (concrete insulated without additional heat), std = AASHTO T 23 standard cure.

Table 6. Specified concrete properties for cast-in-place concrete decks.

STATE	AL	CO	GA	LA	NE	NH	NH	NM	NC	OH¹
BRIDGE NAME	AL 199	Yale Ave.	S.R. 920	Charenton	120th St.	Route 104	Route 3A	Rio Puerco	U.S. 401	U.S. 22
Maximum Water/ Cementitious Material (W/CM) Ratio	0.40	0.44	0.35	0.40	—	0.38	0.38	—	0.43	0.28
Slump, inches	< 5	²	2–5	2–8	< 8	2–3	2–3	—	< 5	5–7
Air Content, %	3.5–6	5–8	3.5–6.5	4–7	5–7.5	6–9	5–9	—	4.5–7.5	5–7
Curing Type³	Wet	Wet⁴	Wet	Wet	Wet	Wet	Wet	Wet	Moist	Wet
Curing Duration, days	7	5	7	7	8	4	7	14	7	7
Concrete Strengths
Compressive Strength, psi	6,000	5,076	7,250	4,200	8,000	6,000	6,000	6,000	6,000	8,000
Age, days	28	28	56	28	56	28	28	28	28	56
Permeability
Specified, C	—	—	2,000	2,000	1,800	1,000	1,000	—	—	1,000
Age, days	—	—	56	56	56	56	56	—	—	56

1 psi = 6.89 MPa

Table 6. Specified concrete properties for cast-in-place concrete decks—Continued

STATE	SD	SD	TN	TN	TX (Louetta)		TX (San Angelo)		VA	VA	WA
BRIDGE NAME	I-29 NB	I-29 SB	Porter	Hickman	NB	SB	EB	WB	Route 40	VA Ave.	S.R. 18
Maximum W/CM Ratio	0.39	—	0.43	0.43	0.44	—	0.44	0.44	0.45	0.45	0.39
Slump, inches	5–7	—	2–8	2–8	3–4	3–9	3–9	3–4	2–7	2–7	—
Air Content, %	5.5–7.5	—	4–8	4–8	5	0	6	6	5–8	5–8	6
Curing Type³	Wet	Wet	Wet	Wet	Wet	Wet	Wet	Wet	Moist	Moist	Wet
Curing Duration, days	7	7	7	7	10	10	10	10	7	7	14
Concrete Strengths
Compressive Strengths, psi	4,500	4,500	5,000	5,000	4,000	8,000	6,000	4,000	4,000	5,000	4,000
Age, days	28	28	28	28	28	28	28	28	28	28	28
Permeability
Specified, C	—	—	1500	1500	—	—	—	—	2500	2500	—
Age, days	—	—	28⁵	28⁵	—	—	—	—	28⁵	28⁵	—

1 psi = 6.89 MPa
°C = ( °F−32)*5/9
1 in = 25.4 millimeters (mm)

¹ Ohio bridge did not have a separate concrete deck. Values are for the abutments.
² Not more than 1.5 inches (38.1 mm) greater than the slump of the approved mix design.
³ The terminology is that used by the States. In general, wet curing and moist curing represent the same procedures.
⁴ May–September only. For November–March, membrane curing with insulated blankets was specified. For April and October, either method was allowed.
⁵ Includes 21 days at 100 °F (37.8 °C).

Table 7. Concrete mix proportions for prestressed concrete girders.¹

STATE	AL	CO	GA	LA	NE	NH²	NH²	NM	NC	OH
BRIDGE NAME	AL 199	Yale Ave.	S.R. 920	Charenton	120th St.	Route 104	Route 3A	Rio Puerco	U.S. 401	U.S. 22
W/CM Ratio	0.28	0.29	0.25	0.25	0.24	0.33	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.28
Cement Type	III	III	I	III	I	III	II	—	I/II	III
Cement Quantity, pounds per cubic yard (lb/yd³)	753	730	800	691	750	777	550	846	900	846
Fly Ash Type	C	—	F	C	C	—	—	F	—	—
Fly Ash Quantity, lb/yd³	133	—	100	296	200	—	—	127	—	—
Silica Fume, lb/yd³	—	35	75	—	50	50	50	68	50	100
Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag, lb/yd³	—	—	—	—	—	—	200	—	—	—
Fine Aggregate, lb/yd³	1,069	1,363	932	1,135	990	1,075	1,200	953	905	927
Coarse Aggregate Maximum Size, inches	0.75³	0.375	0.75	0.5	0.5	0.75	0.75	—	0.75	0.375
Coarse Aggregate Quantity, lb/yd³	1,916	1,775	1,802	1,803	1,860	1,850	1,750	1,446	2,000	1,774
Water, lb/yd³	248	219	246	247	240	273	242	312	275	262
Air Entrainment, fluid ounces per cubic yard (fl oz/yd³)	35	—	4	—	—	10	5	—	6.0	21
Water Reducer, fl oz/yd³	—	15–58	27	60	30	—	—	—	—	—
Retarder, fl oz/yd³	—	—	—	—	—	14	—	—	36	28
High-Range Water Reducer, fl oz/yd³	225	44–131	150	150	225	206	80	—	81	203

1 in = 25.4 mm
1 fl oz/yd³ = 38.69 ml/m³ (38.69 milliliters per cubic meter)
1 lb/yd³ = 0.593 kg/m³ (0.593 kilograms per cubic meter)

Table 7. Concrete mix proportions for prestressed concrete girders¹—Continued

STATE	SD	SD	TN	TN	TX (Louetta)		TX (San Angelo)		VA (s)	VA	WA
BRIDGE NAME	I-29 NB	I-29 SB	Porter	Hickman	NB	SB	EB	WB	Route 40	VA Ave.	S.R. 18
W/CM Ratio	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.27	0.32	0.28	0.27
Cement Type	II	II	I	I	III	III	III	III	I	I	III
Cement Quantity, lb/yd³	680	680	747	747	671	671	671	526	752	752	728
Fly Ash Type	—	—	C	C	C	C	C	C	—	—	C
Fly Ash Quantity, lb/yd³	—	—	249	249	315	315	312	196	—	—	222
Silica Fume, lb/yd³	84	84	—	—	—	—	—	—	55	75	50
Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag, lb/yd³	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Fine Aggregate, lb/yd³	1200	1200	974	974	1086	1086	1062	1160	1425	1350	890
Coarse Aggregate Maximum Size, inches	0.75	0.75	0.75	0.75	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.75	0.75	0.5	0.5
Coarse Aggregate Quantity, lb/yd³	1825	1825	1920	1920	1919	1919	1863	1998	1675	1671	1870
Water, lb/yd³	190	190	248	248	248	248	246	196	255	235	265
Air Entrainment, fl oz/yd³	6.0	4.0	—	—	—	—	—	—	3–7	7	—
Water Reducer, fl oz/yd³	46	46	—	—	—	—	—	—	24–30	—	29
Retarder, fl oz/yd³	—	—	—	—	27	27	28	16	24–30	25–30	—
High-Range Water Reducer, fl oz/yd³	260	382	5–15	5–15	200	200	200	159	202	207	215

1 in = 25.4 mm
1 fl oz/yd³ = 38.69 ml/m³ (38.69 milliliters per cubic meter)
1 lb/yd³ = 0.593 kg/m³ (0.593 kilograms per cubic meter)

¹ Based on approved concrete mix proportions.
² Also includes 4.0 gallons per cubic yard (gal/yd³) (4.951 liters per cubic meter (l/ m³)) of corrosion inhibitor.
³ Later changed to 0.5 inch (12.7 mm).
(s) Steam-cured girders only.

Table 8. Concrete mix proportions for cast-in-place concrete decks.¹

STATE	AL	CO	GA	LA	NE	NH²	NH²	NM	NC	OH³
BRIDGE NAME	AL 199	Yale Ave.	S.R. 920	Charenton	120th St.	Route 104	Route 3A	Rio Puerco	U.S. 401	U.S. 22
W/CM Ratio	0.37	0.38	0.34	0.39	0.31	0.38	0.38	0.32	0.33	0.22
Cement Type	II	—	I	IS	IP	II	Blended	I/II	I/II	I
Cement Quantity, lb/yd³	658	705	651	306	750	607	608	687	587	803
Fly Ash Type	C	—	—	—	C	—	—	F	F	F
Fly Ash Quantity, lb/yd³	165	—	—	—	75	—	—	172	175	68.5
Silica Fume, lb/yd³	—	—	12	—	—	53	52	—	—	87.5
Ground Granulated Blast- Furnace Slag, lb/yd³	—	—	—	305	—	—	—	—	—	—
Fine Aggregate, lb/yd³	1,042	1,384	1,385	1,176	1,400	1,190	1,190	1,290	1,000	868
Coarse Aggregate Maximum Size, inches	1	0.75	0.75	1	0.5	0.75	0.75	0.5	1	0.375
Coarse Aggregate Quantity, lb/yd³	1,860	1,488	1,700	1,900	1,400	1,815	1,815	1,400	1,825	1,721
Water, lb/yd³	304	266	225	238	255	253	253	275	250	210
Air Entrainment, fl oz/yd³	32	3.4	16.2	4.0	5	6	4.5	8.6	—	31.6
Water Reducer, fl oz/yd³	25	—	19.5	—	30	20	19.8	—	—	—
Retarder, fl oz/yd³	—	—	—	36.7	—	—	—	—	—	—
High-Range Water Reducer, fl oz/yd³	98	19	143	—	135	79	105.6	56.3	—	191.8

1 in = 25.4 mm
1 fl oz/yd³ = 38.69 ml/m³ (38.69 milliliters per cubic meter)
1 lb/yd³ = 0.593 kg/m³ (0.593 kilograms per cubic meter)

Table 8. Concrete mix proportions for cast-in-place concrete decks¹—Continued

STATE	SD	SD	TN	TN	TX (Louetta)		TX (San Angelo)		VA	VA	WA
BRIDGE NAME	I-29 NB	I-29 SB	Porter	Hickman	NB	SB	EB	WB	Route 40	VA Ave.	S.R. 18
W/CM Ratio	0.39	0.36	0.36	0.36	0.43	0.35	0.31	0.42	0.40	0.45	0.39
Cement Type	II	II	I	I	I	I	II	II	II	I	I
Cement Quantity, lb/yd³	511	590	494	494	383	474	490	427	329	560	660
Fly Ash Type	—	F	C	C	C	C	C	C	—	F	C
Fly Ash Quantity, lb/yd³	118	124	153	153	148	221	210	184	—	140	75
Silica Fume, lb/yd³	55	—	50	50	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Ground Granulated Blast-urnace Slag, lb/yd³	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	329	—	—
Fine Aggregate, lb/yd³	1,100	1,222	1,115	1,115	1,243	1,303	1,365	1,240	1,173	1,004	1,100
Coarse Aggregate Maximum Size, inches	—	—	1	1	1.5	1	1–1/4	1–1/4	1	1	0.5
Coarse Aggregate Quantity, lb/yd³	1,725	1,634	1,810	1,810	1,856	1,811	1,900	1,856	1,773	1,724	1,700
Water, lb/yd³	264	255	233	233	229	244	219	258	263	315	290
Air Entrainment, fl oz/yd³	—	—	—	—	2.1	—	3.1	3.1	8.5	5	—
Water Reducer, fl oz/yd³	41	22	—	—	—	—	—	—	66	—	6
Retarder, fl oz/yd³	—	—	—	—	45	22	28	26	—	21	—
High-Range Water Reducer, fl oz/yd³	—	—	—	—	—	122	156	—	13–20	—	—

1 in = 25.4 mm
1 fl oz/yd³ = 38.69 ml/m³ (38.69 milliliters per cubic meter)
1 lb/yd³ = 0.593 kg/m³ (0.593 kilograms per cubic meter)

¹ Based on approved concrete mix proportions.
² Also includes 4.0 gal/yd³ (4.951 l/m³) of corrosion inhibitor.
³ Ohio bridge did not have a separate concrete deck. Values are for the abutments.

Table 9. Measured structural concrete properties for prestressed concrete girders.¹

STATE	AL	CO	GA	LA	NE	NH	NH	NM	NC	OH
BRIDGE NAME	AL 199	Yale Ave.	S.R. 920	Charenton	120th St.	Route 104	Route 3A	Rio Puerco	U.S. 401	U.S. 22
Max. Concrete Temp., °F	—	158	—	147	132	—	—	—	162	—
Slump, inches	7.7	—	3.5–6	6.6	—	6.3	7	7.5	4–7	6
Air Content, %	4.4	—	3–5	—	—	6.6	3.5	7.2	3–5	6–7
Unit Weight, lb/ft³	149.7	—	145.0	—	—	147.1	148.6	137.5	—	—
Curing Type	Ps	—	sc	sc, ps	s	s	s	—	—	s
Compressive Strength
Age at Release, h	19–45	—	24	21–40	—	14–17	—	72	27	18
Release, psi	8,040– 9,810	5,600–10,900	10,464	8,130	8,471	6,700	6,800	7,325	9,400	7,810
7 days, psi	—	—	10,360	9,250	10,529	8,000	10,240	—	—	9,060
28 days, psi	9,920	—	12,480	11,018	12,554	7,755	11,200	9,076	13,100	11,290
56 days, psi	9,950	7800–14,000	13,300	11,238	13,944	9,000	11,850	10,151	—	11,810

1 in = 25.4 millimeters (mm)
1 psi = 6.89 MPa
°C = ( °F−32)*5/9

Table 9. Measured structural concrete properties for prestressed concrete girders¹—Continued

STATE	SD	SD	TN	TN	TX (Louetta)²		TX (San Angelo)²		VA	VA	WA
BRIDGE NAME	I-29 NB	I-29 SB	Porter	Hickman	NB	SB	EB	WB	Route 40	VA Ave.	S.R. 18
Max. Concrete Temp., °F	140	140	—	—	—	—	158	155	166	161	—
Slump, inches	8	6.9	—	—	3.8–8.8	3.8–8.5	3.5–9	7–8	6.8	6.6	2.8–6
Air Content, %	4	6.7	—	—	2	2	2	2	5.9	4.4	1
Unit Weight, lb/ft³	—	—	—	—	154	154	153	149	—	—	159
Curing Type	rh	rh	S	s	Sc	sc	sc	sc	s, m	s	s
Compressive Strength
Age at Release, h	—	—	24–72	24–72	17–21	19–21	17–46	26	18 s	18	18–60
Release, psi	—	—	8635	8719	8460	8740	9940	8560	7340 s	8840	8150
7 days, psi	11,970	10,400	9484	9903	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
28 days, psi	15,900	13,250	9651	10,529	13,460	13,610	14,510	10,130	9060 s	11,200	11,370
56 days, psi	15,590	—	10,090	10,651	—	—	—	—	9875 s	—	12,220

1 in = 25.4 millimeters (mm)
1 psi = 6.89 MPa
°C = ( °F−32)*5/9

¹ Based on production concrete.
² For the Texas bridges, different concrete strengths were specified for different girder span lengths. Listed strengths are average values except for San Angelo WB, where the largest values are used.

m = moist curing, rh = radiant heat curing, ps = partial steam curing, s = steam curing, sc = self-curing (concrete insulated without additional heat).

Table 10. Measured structural concrete properties for cast-in-place concrete decks.¹

STATE	AL	CO	GA	LA	NE	NH	NH	NM	NC	OH²
BRIDGE NAME	AL 199	Yale Ave.	S.R. 920	Charenton	120th St.	Route 104	Route 3A	Rio Puerco	U.S. 401	U.S. 22
Slump, inches	5.8	3.8	4–7	—	—	3–5	5.25	2.5–8.5	4–5	4.5
Air Content, %	4.7	5.5	3.2–6.5	—	—	4.0–5.8	6.0	4.5–8.2	5.7–6.8	6.5
Unit Weight, psi	—	143.4	149.2	—	—	144–147	147.4	134–150	—	141
Curing Type	Wet	Wet	Wet	Wet	Wet	Wet	Wet	Wet	Wet	Wet
Curing Duration, days	7	5	7	7	—	5.7	7	14	7	7
Compressive Strength
7 days, psi	6010	4390	5040	3149	7252	6890	7100	5116	—	—
28 days, psi	7370	5310	6217	5493	9606	9020	9004	6160	7150 NB	8689
56 days, psi	—	5950	7740	5785	10,433	—	9120	7501	—	—

1 in = 25.4 millimeters (mm)
1 psi = 6.89 MPa

Table 10. Measured structural concrete properties for cast-in-place concrete decks¹—Continued

STATE	SD	SD	TN	TN	TX (Louetta)		TX (San Angelo)		VA	VA	WA
BRIDGE NAME	I-29 NB	I-29 SB	Porter	Hickman	NB	SB	EB	WB	Route 40	VA Ave.	S.R. 18
Slump, inches	—	2.5	—	—	4	7	7.4	—	5.7	3.6	3.3
Air Content, %	—	6.7	—	—	3.8	0	6.3	4.7	7.0	5.8	5.6
Unit Weight, psi	—	143	—	—	143	150	—	145	—	—	—
Curing Type	Wet	Wet	Wet	Wet	Wet	Wet	Wet	Wet	Wet	Wet	Wet
Curing Duration, days	7	7	7	7	10	10	10	10	7	7	14
Compressive Strength
7 days, psi	5120	4920	4945	4287	—	—	6054	—	5388	4260	—
28 days, psi	7070	6170	8265	6460	5700	9100	7345	6120	6600	5400	5490
56 days, psi	—	—	8713	7197	5700	9740	—	—	—	6710	—

1 in = 25.4 mm
1 psi = 6.89 MPa

¹ Based on production concrete.
² Ohio bridge did not have a separate concrete deck. Values are for the abutments.

Table 11. Measured durability properties for prestressed concrete girders and cast-in-place concrete decks.¹

STATE	AL	CO	GA	LA	NE	NH	NH	NM	NC	OH
BRIDGE NAME	AL 199	Yale Ave.	S.R. 920	Charenton	120th St.	Route 104	Route 3A	Rio Puerco	U.S. 401	U.S. 22
Prestressed Concrete Girders
Air Content, %	4.4	—	3–5	—	—	6.6	3.5	—	3–5	6–7
Chloride Permeability, C	2,720	—	198	1,355	—	1,590	390	—	1,257– 3,055	213
Age, days	56	—	56	56	—	56	56	—	90	320
Freeze-Thaw Resistance, %	98	—	—	—	—	107²	—	—	—	—
Scaling Resistance	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Abrasion Resistance, inches	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Cast-in-Place Concrete Decks
Air Content, %	4.7	5.5	3.2–6.5	—	—	4.0–5.8	6.0	4.5–8.2	5.7–6.8	—
Chloride Permeability, C	2870	5597	3963	1390	589	753	1060	—	—	—
Age, days	56	—	56	56	—	56	56	—	—	—
Freeze-Thaw Resistance, %	92	—	—	—	—	97²	—	—	—	—
Scaling Resistance,	—	—	—	—	—	0–1	—	—	—	—
Abrasion Resistance, inches	—	0.025	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—

1 in = 25.4 mm

Table 11. Measured durability properties for prestressed concrete girders and cast-in-place concrete decks¹—Continued

STATE	SD	SD	TN	TN	TX (Louetta)		TX (San Angelo)		VA
BRIDGE NAME	I-29 NB	I-29 SB	Porter	Hickman	NB	SB	EB	WB	Route 40	VA Ave.	S.R. 18
Prestressed Concrete Girders
Air Content, %	4	6.7	—	—	2	2	2	2	5.9	4.4	1
Chloride Permeability, C	65	88	390	496	≤ 1,000	≤ 1,000	≤ 1,000	≤ 1,000	228	125	496
Age, days	90	—	56	56	56	56	56	56	28³	28³	> 300
Freeze-Thaw Resistance, %	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	26, 91²	—
Scaling Resistance	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	0–1	—
Abrasion Resistance, inches	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Cast-in-Place Concrete Decks
Air Content, %	—	6.8	—	—	3.8	0	6.3	4.7	7.0	5.8	5.6
Chloride Permeability, C	461	1058	1297	317³	1730⁴	900⁴	703⁴	2573⁴	778	1457	2645
Age, days	90	—	56	28	56	56	56	56	28³	28³	> 210
Freeze-Thaw Resistance, %	—	—	—	—	—	—	97.9	97.3	—	108²	—
Scaling Resistance	—	—	—	—	—	—	2–3	0	—	0–1	—
Abrasion Resistance, inches	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.04	0.07	—	—	⁵

1 in = 25.4 millimeters (mm)

¹ Based on production concrete.
² ASTM C 666 procedure A or AASHTO T 161 procedure A.
³ Includes 21 days at 100 °F.
⁴ ASTM standard cure.
⁵ Reported as a weight loss of 3.33 grams (gm).

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FHWA-HRT-05-056

Page Owner: Office of Research, Development, and Technology, Office of Infrastructure, RDT

Topics: research, infrastructure, structures
Keywords: research, structures, bridges, cast-in-place concrete, high-strength concrete, high-performance concrete, precast concrete, prestressed concrete
TRT Terms: research, infrastructure, Facilities, Structures
Scheduled Update: Archive - No Update needed

This page last modified on 06/29/2016