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Chapter 2. COMPILATION OF INFORMATION AND SPECIFICATIONS FROM HPC BRIDGES
OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE
The objective of task A was to collect and compile information on concrete mixtures, concrete properties, research projects, girder fabrication, bridge construction, live-load tests, and specifications from each of the joint State-FHWA HPC bridge projects and other HPC bridge projects. This includes all information related to material properties and structural performance.
Information from a total of 19 bridges located in 14 States was collected. The States, abbreviated bridge names, and bridge locations are listed in table 1.
Table 1. HPC bridges included in the compilation.
State |
Bridge Name |
Location |
Alabama |
Highway 199 |
Highway 199 over Uphapee Creek, Macon County |
Colorado |
Yale Avenue |
Interstate 25 (I-25) over Yale Avenue, Denver |
Georgia |
State Route (S.R.) 920 |
S.R. 920 (Jonesboro Road) over I-75 |
Louisiana |
Charenton Canal Bridge |
LA 87 over Charenton Canal in St. Mary Parish |
Nebraska |
120th Street |
120th Street and Giles Road Bridge, Sarpy County |
New Hampshire |
Route 104, Bristol |
Route 104 over Newfound River, Bristol |
New Hampshire |
Route 3A, Bristol |
Route 3A over Newfound River, Bristol |
New Mexico |
Rio Puerco |
Old Route 66 over the Rio Puerco |
North Carolina |
U.S. 401 |
Northbound U.S. 401 over Neuse River, Wake County |
Ohio |
U.S. Route 22 near Cambridge |
U.S. Route 22 over Crooked Creek at Mile Post 6.57 near Cambridge in Guernsey County |
South Dakota |
I-29 Northbound |
I-29 Northbound over Railroad in Minnehana County, Structure No. 50-181-155 |
South Dakota |
I-29 Southbound |
I-29 Southbound over Railroad in Minnehana County, Structure No. 50-180-155 |
Tennessee |
Porter Road |
Porter Road over S.R. 840, Dickson County |
Tennessee |
Hickman Road |
Hickman Road over S.R. 840, Dickson County |
Texas |
Louetta Road |
Louetta Road Overpass, State Highway (SH) 249, Houston |
Texas |
San Angelo |
U.S. Route 67 over North Concho River, U.S. Route 87, and South Orient Railroad, San Angelo |
Virginia |
Route 40, Brookneal |
Route 40 over Falling River, Brookneal, Lynchburg District |
Virginia |
Virginia Avenue, Richlands |
Virginia Avenue over Clinch River, Richlands |
Washington |
S.R. 18 |
Eastbound lanes of S.R. 18 over S.R. 516 in King County |
CD-ROM COMPILATION
The information collected to date has been placed on a CD-ROM for easy retrieval and viewing. On the CD-ROM, the information is presented in two formats. The first format consists of an individual compilation for each bridge. Each compilation contains information that is similar to that shown in tables 2 through 11 of this report. However, more details are provided in the compilation.
The compilation is divided into the following sections:
-
Description: This section contains a summary of the overall bridge features.
-
Benefits of HPC and Costs: Highlights why HPC was used in the bridge and provides total cost, cost per square foot, cost per foot, or any other information that was obtained.
-
Structural Design: Lists essential features about the structural design of the bridge.
-
Specified Items: This section includes relevant items that were required by the HPC special provisions. If items were not identified as being specified, the line is left blank.
-
Concrete Materials: This section lists information obtained before actual construction of the bridges. It represents the information that would normally be submitted for approval of concrete mix proportions plus additional data that were available because of the research component.
-
Concrete Material Properties: This section contains information obtained during the actual construction. It is separated into sections on material properties from quality control (QC) tests and material properties from research tests. Separate sections are provided for each HPC element used in the bridge, such as girders and deck.
-
Other Research Data: This section contains research data specifically related to the construction of the showcase bridge. The information varies considerably between compilations depending on the approach and interests of the researchers.
-
Other Related Research: This section contains other research information that was usually obtained prior to construction of the bridge.
-
Sources of Data: References for documents used for the compilation are listed. Some of the data were obtained directly from the States and do not appear in the published data. The names of individuals who supplied the data are listed.
-
Drawings: This section contains miscellaneous details to clarify the written information.
-
HPC Specifications: When available, the special provisions for HPC in the bridge are included.
The compiled information from each bridge may be opened as a Microsoft® Word file from which a hard copy can be printed. For some of the data shown as graphs, the data are available in Microsoft® Excel files. For proper execution of these options, it is necessary to have Word or Excel available on the computer being used to view the CD-ROM. Otherwise, all other software is contained on the CD-ROM.
The second format on the CD-ROM compilation consists of 10 summary tables that can be used to compare data from different States and different bridges. The information contained in the summary tables is not as detailed as the information in the individual bridge compilations. The 10 summary tables reflect the primary information contained in the following main sections of the individual bridge compilations.
- Description (two tables).
- Structural Design (one table).
- Specified Items (two tables).
- Concrete Materials (two tables).
- Concrete Material Properties (three tables).
The summaries of the information in sections 4, 5, and 6 are divided into separate tables for the prestressed concrete girders and the cast-in-place concrete deck. The summary for section 6 is further divided into separate tables related to structural properties and durability properties. The summary information is included in tables 2 through 11 of this report. For comparison purposes, data originally in metric units have been converted to English units.
On the CD-ROM, information on a specific topic can be obtained by using the search option.
The CD-ROM is available in two versions. An interim version contained information collected during the first 15 months of this project. The final version of the CD-ROM contains all information collected for the project.
In the process of collecting the information, some inconsistencies in the data were noted. Attempts were made to resolve as many of these as possible within the time constraints of the project. Nevertheless, some inconsistencies still remain. Also, for most of the bridges, it was not possible to obtain all of the information listed in the compilation. Although the information may exist, obtaining 100 percent of the detailed information proved to be difficult and time-consuming. Blank spaces in tables 2 through 11 indicate that the data may exist, but were not collected or compiled.
Table 2. Major features of the prestressed concrete girders.
STATE |
AL |
CO |
GA |
LA |
NE |
NH |
NH |
NM |
NC |
OH |
BRIDGE NAME |
AL 199 |
Yale Ave. |
S.R. 920 |
Charenton |
120th St. |
Route 104 |
Route 3A |
Rio Puerco |
U.S. 401 |
U.S. 22 |
Girder Type |
BT-54 |
BOX |
II, IV |
III |
NU1100 |
III |
NE 1000 |
BT1600 |
IV, III |
B42–48 |
Girder Depth, inches |
54 |
30 |
36, 54 |
45 |
43.3 |
45 |
39.4 |
63 |
54, 45 |
42 |
Maximum Span, feet (ft) |
114 |
112 |
127.1 |
72 |
75 |
65 |
60 |
101.1 |
91.9 |
115.5 |
Maximum Spacing, ft |
8.75 |
Adjacent |
7.6 |
10 |
12.4 |
12.5 |
11.5 |
12.6 |
10.2 |
Adjacent |
Maximum No. of Strands |
50 |
64 |
56 |
34 |
30 |
40 |
26 |
42 |
30 |
30 |
Diameter of Strands, inches |
0.6 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
Concrete Strengths |
Specified at Release, psi |
8,000 |
6,500 |
8,000 |
7,000 |
5,500 |
6,500 |
5,500 |
7,000 |
7,000 |
6,000 |
Actual at Release, psi |
8,040–9,810 |
5,600– 10,900 |
10,464 |
7,618– 9,852 |
8,471 |
6,700 |
6,800 |
7,325 |
7,700-10,500 |
6,670– 9,210 |
Age at Release, hours (h) |
19–45 |
— |
24 |
21–40 |
— |
14–17 |
— |
72 |
27 |
18 |
Specified Design, psi |
10,000 |
10,000 |
10,000 |
10,000 |
12,000 |
8,000 |
8,000 |
10,000 |
10,000 |
10,000 |
Actual at Design Age, psi |
8,440−11,060 |
7,800– 14,000 |
13,300 |
10,502– 12,023 |
13,944 |
7,755 |
11,200 |
10,151 |
11,800−15,000 |
9,570– 12,920 |
Design Age, days |
28 |
56 |
56 |
56 |
56 |
28 |
28 |
56 |
28 |
56 |
1 ft = 0.305 m
1 in = 25.4 millimeters (mm)
1 psi = 6.89 MPa
Table 2. Major features of the prestressed concrete girders—Continued
STATE |
SD |
SD |
TN |
TN |
TX (Louetta)1 |
TX (San Angelo)1 |
VA |
VA |
WA |
BRIDGE NAME |
I-29 NB |
I-29 SB |
Porter |
Hickman |
NB |
SB |
EB2 |
WB |
Route 40 |
VA Ave. |
S.R. 18 |
Girder Type |
II |
II |
BT-72 |
BT-72 |
U 54 |
U 54 |
IV |
IV |
IV |
III |
W74G |
Girder Depth, inches |
36 |
36 |
72 |
72 |
54 |
54 |
54 |
54 |
54 |
45 |
73.5 |
Maximum Span, ft |
61 |
61 |
159 |
151.33 |
136.5 |
134.0 |
157 |
140.3 |
80 |
74 |
137 |
Maximum Spacing, ft |
11.4 |
11.4 |
8.33 |
8.33 |
12.94 |
16.62 |
11 |
8.26 |
10 |
9.25 |
8 |
Maximum No. of Strands |
32 |
32 |
54 |
50 |
87 |
87 |
C |
64 |
54 |
34 |
40 |
Diameter of Strands, inches |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.6 sp |
9/16 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
Concrete Strengths |
Specified at Release, psi |
8,520 |
8,520 |
8,000 |
8,000 |
8,800 |
8,800 |
8,100 |
6,600 |
6,000 |
6,800 |
7,400 |
Actual at Release, psi |
— |
— |
8,635 |
8,719 |
9,190 |
9,680 |
11,630 |
8,560 |
7,340 s
7,820 m |
8,840 |
8,150 |
Age at Release, h |
— |
— |
24–72 |
24–72 |
21 |
21 |
46 |
— |
18 s,
72 m |
18 |
18–60 |
Specified Design, psi |
9,900 |
9,900 |
10,000 |
10,000 |
13,100 |
13,100 |
14,000 |
8,900 |
8,000 |
10,000 |
10,000 |
Actual at Design Age, psi |
15,900 |
13,250 |
9,651 |
10,529 |
14,440 |
14,550 |
15,240 |
10,130 |
9,060 s
11,490m |
11,200 |
12,220 |
Design Age, days |
28 |
28 |
28 |
28 |
283 |
283 |
283 |
28 |
28 |
28 |
56 |
1 ft = 0.305 m
1 in = 25.4 mm
1 psi = 6.89 MPa
1 For the Texas bridges, different concrete strengths were specified for different girder span lengths. Listed strengths are the largest values.
2 Values are for modified design.
3 Specified at 56 days, generally tested at 28 days.
c = combination of pretensioning and post-tensioning was used, m = moist curing, s = steam curing, sp = special.
Table 3. Major features of the cast-in-place concrete decks.
STATE |
AL |
CO |
GA |
LA |
NE |
NH |
NH |
NM |
NC |
OH1 |
BRIDGE NAME |
AL 199 |
Yale Ave. |
S.R. 920 |
Charenton |
120th St. |
Route 104 |
Route 3A |
Rio Puerco |
U.S. 401 |
U.S. 22 |
Total Deck Thickness, inches |
7 |
11.5 |
8 |
8 |
7.5 |
9 |
9 |
8.7 |
8.5 |
5.5 |
Curing Type2 |
Wet |
Wet3 |
Wet |
Wet |
Wet |
Wet |
Wet |
Wet |
Moist |
— |
Curing Duration, days |
7 |
5 |
7 |
7 |
8 |
4 |
7 |
14 |
7 |
— |
Permeability |
Specified, coulombs (C) |
— |
— |
2,000 |
2,000 |
1,800 |
1,000 |
1,000 |
— |
— |
— |
Actual, C |
2,870 |
5,597 |
3,963 |
1,390 |
589 |
753 |
1,060 |
— |
— |
— |
Age, days |
56 |
— |
56 |
56 |
56 |
56 |
56 |
— |
— |
— |
Concrete Strengths |
Specified, psi |
6,000 |
5,076 |
7,250 |
4,200 |
8,000 |
6,000 |
6,000 |
6,000 |
6,000 |
— |
Actual, psi |
7,370 |
5,310 |
7,740 |
5,493 |
10,433 |
9,020 |
9,004 |
6,160 |
7,150 |
— |
Age, days |
28 |
28 |
56 |
28 |
56 |
28 |
28 |
28 |
28 |
— |
1 psi = 6.89 MPa
Table 3. Major features of the cast-in-place concrete decks—Continued
STATE |
SD |
SD |
TN |
TN |
TX (Louetta) |
TX (San Angelo) |
VA |
VA |
WA |
BRIDGE NAME |
I-29 NB |
I-29 SB |
Porter |
Hickman |
NB |
SB |
EB |
WB |
Route 40 |
VA Ave. |
S.R. 18 |
Total Deck Thickness, inches |
9 |
9 |
8.25 |
8.25 |
7.25 |
7.25 |
7.5 |
7.5 |
8.5 |
8.5 |
7.5 |
Curing Type2 |
Wet |
Wet |
Wet |
Wet |
Wet |
Wet |
Wet |
Wet |
Moist |
Moist |
Wet |
Curing Duration, days |
7 |
7 |
7 |
7 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
7 |
7 |
14 |
Permeability |
Specified, C |
— |
— |
1500 |
1500 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
2500 |
2500 |
— |
Actual, C |
461 |
1058 |
— |
— |
1730 |
900 |
— |
— |
778 |
1457 |
2645 |
Age, days |
90 |
— |
284 |
284 |
56 |
56 |
— |
— |
284 |
284 |
> 210 |
Concrete Strengths |
Specified, psi |
4,500 |
4,500 |
5,000 |
5,000 |
4,000 |
8,000 |
6,000 |
4,000 |
4,000 |
5,000 |
4,000 |
Actual, psi |
7,070 |
6,170 |
8,265 |
6,460 |
5,700 |
9,100 |
7,345 |
6,120 |
6,600 |
5,400 |
5,490 |
Age, days |
28 |
28 |
28 |
28 |
28 |
28 |
28 |
28 |
28 |
28 |
28 |
1 psi = 6.89 MPa
1 Ohio bridge used had 5.5-inch-thick (139.7-mm-thick) top flange of the box beam and 3-inch-thick asphalt.
2 The terminology is that used by the States. In general, wet curing and moist curing represent the same procedures.
3 May–September only. For November–March, membrane curing with insulated blankets was specified. For April and October, either method was allowed.
4 Includes 21 days at 100 degrees Fahrenheit ( °F) (37.8 degrees Celsius (°C)).
Table 4. Structural design considerations.
STATE |
AL |
CO |
GA |
LA |
NE |
NH |
NH |
NM |
NC |
OH |
BRIDGE NAME |
AL 199 |
Yale Ave. |
S.R. 920 |
Charenton |
120th St. |
Route 104 |
Route 3A |
Rio Puerco |
U.S. 401 |
U.S. 22 |
Specifications |
— |
STD |
STD |
STD |
STD |
STD |
STD |
STD |
STD |
STD |
Live Loads |
— |
HS 25 |
MS 18 |
HS 20 |
HS 20 |
HS 25 |
HS 25 |
MS 18 |
MS 18 |
HS 25 |
Prestress Loss, psi |
— |
65,753 |
64,500 |
49,500 |
— |
— |
48,800 |
— |
35,585 |
19.6% |
Allowable Tensile Stress |
Top of Girder at Release, , psi |
— |
7.5 |
3.0 |
7.5 |
— |
7.5 |
7.5 |
— |
0 |
7.5 |
Bottom of Girder after Losses, , psi |
— |
6.0 |
6.0 |
6.0 |
6.0 |
3.0 |
0 |
— |
6.0 |
6.0 |
Concrete Cover |
Girder, inches |
— |
1 |
1.1–2.1 |
1 |
0.8–1.8 |
1 |
1.6 |
1 |
1.2, 1.5 |
2, 2.5, 1.25 |
Top of Deck, inches |
2 |
2.5 |
2.75 |
2 |
2.25 |
3 |
3 |
2.5 |
2.5 |
— |
Bottom of Deck, inches |
1 |
— |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1.25 |
1.75 |
1.3 |
1.2 |
— |
1 psi = 6.89 MPa
1 in = 25.4 mm
Table 4. Structural design considerations—Continued
STATE |
SD |
SD |
TN |
TN |
TX (Louetta) |
TX (San Angelo) |
VA |
VA |
WA |
BRIDGE NAME |
I-29 NB |
I-29 SB |
Porter |
Hickman |
NB |
SB |
EB |
WB |
Route 40 |
VA Ave. |
S.R. 18 |
Specifications |
STD |
STD |
STD |
STD |
STD |
STD |
STD |
STD |
STD |
STD |
LRFD |
Live Loads |
HS 25 |
HS 25 |
HS 20 |
HS 20 |
HS 20 |
HS 20 |
HS 20 |
HS 20 |
HS 20 |
HS 20 |
HL 93 |
Prestress Loss, psi |
28% |
28% |
— |
— |
55,390 |
55,390 |
49,070 |
47,910 |
28% |
30.81% |
41,100 |
Allowable Tensile Stress |
Top of Girder at Release, , psi |
3 |
3 |
— |
— |
10 |
10 |
10 |
7.5 |
3 |
3 |
200 psi |
Bottom of Girder after Losses, , psi |
6 |
6 |
— |
— |
8 |
8 |
8 |
6 |
3 |
3 |
0 |
Concrete Cover |
Girder, inches |
1 |
1 |
Varies |
Varies |
1 |
1 |
1 |
— |
2, 1 |
2, 1 |
1 |
Top of Deck, inches |
2.5 |
2.5 |
2.5 |
2.5 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
— |
2.751 |
2.751 |
2.5 |
Bottom of Deck, inches |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1.752 |
1.752 |
1.752 |
— |
1.51 |
2.751 |
1 |
1 psi = 6.89 MPa
1 in = 25.4 mm
1 To center of bar.
2 Cover to 0.375-inch-diameter (9.5 mm-diameter) strand in panels.
LRFD = AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications.
STD = AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges.
Table 5. Specified concrete properties for prestressed concrete girders.
STATE |
AL |
CO |
GA |
LA |
NE |
NH |
NH |
NM |
NC |
OH |
BRIDGE NAME |
AL 199 |
Yale Ave. |
S.R. 920 |
Charenton |
120th St. |
Route 104 |
Route 3A |
Rio Puerco |
U.S. 401 |
U.S. 22 |
Max. Concrete Temp., °F |
160 |
158 |
— |
160 |
160 |
160 |
160 |
— |
185 |
— |
Slump, inches |
≤ 8 |
— |
2–7 |
≤ 10 |
— |
5–7 |
5–7 |
— |
≤ 8 |
6–8 |
Air Content, % |
3.5–6 |
— |
3.5–6.5 |
— |
— |
5–8 |
5 |
— |
3–5 |
5–7 |
Girder Curing Method |
ps |
— |
— |
sc or h |
— |
s |
— |
s |
s or h |
s |
Cylinder Curing Method |
mc |
— |
mc, std |
mc |
s, std |
mc |
Mc |
— |
s or h |
s, std |
Concrete Strengths |
Release, psi |
8,000 |
6,500 |
8,000 |
7,000 |
5,500 |
6,500 |
5,500 |
7,000 |
7,000 |
6,000 |
Design, psi |
10,000 |
10,000 |
10,000 |
10,000 |
12,000 |
8000 |
8000 |
10,000 |
10,000 |
10,000 |
Design Age, days |
28 |
56 |
56 |
≤ 56 |
56 |
28 |
28 |
28 |
28 |
56 |
Permeability |
Specified, C |
— |
— |
3000 |
2000 |
— |
1000 |
1500 |
— |
2000 |
1000 |
Age, days |
— |
— |
56 |
56 |
— |
56 |
56 |
— |
— |
56 |
1 psi = 6.89 MPa
°C = ( °F−32)*5/9
Table 5. Specified concrete properties for prestressed concrete girders—Continued
STATE |
SD |
SD |
TN |
TN |
TX (Louetta)1 |
TX (San Angelo)1 |
VA |
VA |
WA |
BRIDGE NAME |
I-29 NB |
I-29 SB |
Porter |
Hickman |
NB |
SB |
EB2 |
WB |
Route 40 |
VA Ave. |
S.R. 18 |
Max. Concrete Temp., °F |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
140 |
— |
— |
190 |
190 |
— |
Slump, inches |
5 |
— |
2–8 |
2–8 |
— |
— |
— |
4–5 |
0–7 |
0–7 |
< 7 |
Air Content, % |
5.5–7.5 |
— |
4–8 |
4–8 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
3–6 |
3–6 |
— |
Girder Curing Method |
s, rh |
— |
— |
— |
sc, s |
sc, s |
sc, s |
sc |
s, m |
s |
— |
Cylinder Curing Method |
— |
— |
s |
s |
sc, s |
sc, s |
sc, s |
sc |
s, m |
s |
mc |
Concrete Strengths |
Release, psi |
8,520 |
8,520 |
8,000 |
8,000 |
8,800 |
8,800 |
8,100 |
6,600 |
6,000 |
6,800 |
7,400 |
Design, psi |
9,900 |
9,900 |
10,000 |
10,000 |
13,100 |
13,100 |
14,000 |
8,900 |
8,000 |
10,000 |
10,000 |
Design Age, days |
28 |
28 |
28 |
28 |
56 |
56 |
56 |
28 |
28 |
28 |
56 |
Permeability |
Specified, C |
— |
— |
2500 |
2500 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
1500 |
1500 |
1000 |
Age, days |
— |
— |
283 |
283 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
283 |
283 |
56 |
1 psi = 6.89 MPa
°C = ( °F−32)*5/9
1 For the Texas bridges, different concrete strengths were specified for different girder span lengths. Listed strengths are the largest values.
2 Values are for modified design.
3 Includes 21 days at 100 °F (37.8 °C).
h = heat curing, m = moist curing, mc = match curing, rh = radiant heat curing, ps = partial steam curing, s = steam curing, sc = self-curing (concrete insulated without additional heat), std = AASHTO T 23 standard cure.
Table 6. Specified concrete properties for cast-in-place concrete decks.
STATE |
AL |
CO |
GA |
LA |
NE |
NH |
NH |
NM |
NC |
OH1 |
BRIDGE NAME |
AL 199 |
Yale Ave. |
S.R. 920 |
Charenton |
120th St. |
Route 104 |
Route 3A |
Rio Puerco |
U.S. 401 |
U.S. 22 |
Maximum Water/ Cementitious Material (W/CM) Ratio |
0.40 |
0.44 |
0.35 |
0.40 |
— |
0.38 |
0.38 |
— |
0.43 |
0.28 |
Slump, inches |
< 5 |
2 |
2–5 |
2–8 |
< 8 |
2–3 |
2–3 |
— |
< 5 |
5–7 |
Air Content, % |
3.5–6 |
5–8 |
3.5–6.5 |
4–7 |
5–7.5 |
6–9 |
5–9 |
— |
4.5–7.5 |
5–7 |
Curing Type3 |
Wet |
Wet4 |
Wet |
Wet |
Wet |
Wet |
Wet |
Wet |
Moist |
Wet |
Curing Duration, days |
7 |
5 |
7 |
7 |
8 |
4 |
7 |
14 |
7 |
7 |
Concrete Strengths |
Compressive Strength, psi |
6,000 |
5,076 |
7,250 |
4,200 |
8,000 |
6,000 |
6,000 |
6,000 |
6,000 |
8,000 |
Age, days |
28 |
28 |
56 |
28 |
56 |
28 |
28 |
28 |
28 |
56 |
Permeability |
Specified, C |
— |
— |
2,000 |
2,000 |
1,800 |
1,000 |
1,000 |
— |
— |
1,000 |
Age, days |
— |
— |
56 |
56 |
56 |
56 |
56 |
— |
— |
56 |
1 psi = 6.89 MPa
Table 6. Specified concrete properties for cast-in-place concrete decks—Continued
STATE |
SD |
SD |
TN |
TN |
TX (Louetta) |
TX (San Angelo) |
VA |
VA |
WA |
BRIDGE NAME |
I-29 NB |
I-29 SB |
Porter |
Hickman |
NB |
SB |
EB |
WB |
Route 40 |
VA Ave. |
S.R. 18 |
Maximum W/CM Ratio |
0.39 |
— |
0.43 |
0.43 |
0.44 |
— |
0.44 |
0.44 |
0.45 |
0.45 |
0.39 |
Slump, inches |
5–7 |
— |
2–8 |
2–8 |
3–4 |
3–9 |
3–9 |
3–4 |
2–7 |
2–7 |
— |
Air Content, % |
5.5–7.5 |
— |
4–8 |
4–8 |
5 |
0 |
6 |
6 |
5–8 |
5–8 |
6 |
Curing Type3 |
Wet |
Wet |
Wet |
Wet |
Wet |
Wet |
Wet |
Wet |
Moist |
Moist |
Wet |
Curing Duration, days |
7 |
7 |
7 |
7 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
7 |
7 |
14 |
Concrete Strengths |
Compressive Strengths, psi |
4,500 |
4,500 |
5,000 |
5,000 |
4,000 |
8,000 |
6,000 |
4,000 |
4,000 |
5,000 |
4,000 |
Age, days |
28 |
28 |
28 |
28 |
28 |
28 |
28 |
28 |
28 |
28 |
28 |
Permeability |
Specified, C |
— |
— |
1500 |
1500 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
2500 |
2500 |
— |
Age, days |
— |
— |
285 |
285 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
285 |
285 |
— |
1 psi = 6.89 MPa
°C = ( °F−32)*5/9
1 in = 25.4 millimeters (mm)
1 Ohio bridge did not have a separate concrete deck. Values are for the abutments.
2 Not more than 1.5 inches (38.1 mm) greater than the slump of the approved mix design.
3 The terminology is that used by the States. In general, wet curing and moist curing represent the same procedures.
4 May–September only. For November–March, membrane curing with insulated blankets was specified. For April and October, either method was allowed.
5 Includes 21 days at 100 °F (37.8 °C).
Table 7. Concrete mix proportions for prestressed concrete girders.1
STATE |
AL |
CO |
GA |
LA |
NE |
NH2 |
NH2 |
NM |
NC |
OH |
BRIDGE NAME |
AL 199 |
Yale Ave. |
S.R. 920 |
Charenton |
120th St. |
Route 104 |
Route 3A |
Rio Puerco |
U.S. 401 |
U.S. 22 |
W/CM Ratio |
0.28 |
0.29 |
0.25 |
0.25 |
0.24 |
0.33 |
0.30 |
0.30 |
0.30 |
0.28 |
Cement Type |
III |
III |
I |
III |
I |
III |
II |
— |
I/II |
III |
Cement Quantity, pounds per cubic yard (lb/yd3) |
753 |
730 |
800 |
691 |
750 |
777 |
550 |
846 |
900 |
846 |
Fly Ash Type |
C |
— |
F |
C |
C |
— |
— |
F |
— |
— |
Fly Ash Quantity, lb/yd3 |
133 |
— |
100 |
296 |
200 |
— |
— |
127 |
— |
— |
Silica Fume, lb/yd3 |
— |
35 |
75 |
— |
50 |
50 |
50 |
68 |
50 |
100 |
Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag, lb/yd3 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
200 |
— |
— |
— |
Fine Aggregate, lb/yd3 |
1,069 |
1,363 |
932 |
1,135 |
990 |
1,075 |
1,200 |
953 |
905 |
927 |
Coarse Aggregate Maximum Size, inches |
0.753 |
0.375 |
0.75 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.75 |
0.75 |
— |
0.75 |
0.375 |
Coarse Aggregate Quantity, lb/yd3 |
1,916 |
1,775 |
1,802 |
1,803 |
1,860 |
1,850 |
1,750 |
1,446 |
2,000 |
1,774 |
Water, lb/yd3 |
248 |
219 |
246 |
247 |
240 |
273 |
242 |
312 |
275 |
262 |
Air Entrainment, fluid ounces per cubic yard (fl oz/yd3) |
35 |
— |
4 |
— |
— |
10 |
5 |
— |
6.0 |
21 |
Water Reducer, fl oz/yd3 |
— |
15–58 |
27 |
60 |
30 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
Retarder, fl oz/yd3 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
14 |
— |
— |
36 |
28 |
High-Range Water Reducer, fl oz/yd3 |
225 |
44–131 |
150 |
150 |
225 |
206 |
80 |
— |
81 |
203 |
1 in = 25.4 mm
1 fl oz/yd3 = 38.69 ml/m3 (38.69 milliliters per cubic meter)
1 lb/yd3 = 0.593 kg/m3 (0.593 kilograms per cubic meter)
Table 7. Concrete mix proportions for prestressed concrete girders1—Continued
STATE |
SD |
SD |
TN |
TN |
TX (Louetta) |
TX (San Angelo) |
VA (s) |
VA |
WA |
BRIDGE NAME |
I-29 NB |
I-29 SB |
Porter |
Hickman |
NB |
SB |
EB |
WB |
Route 40 |
VA Ave. |
S.R. 18 |
W/CM Ratio |
0.25 |
0.25 |
0.25 |
0.25 |
0.25 |
0.25 |
0.25 |
0.27 |
0.32 |
0.28 |
0.27 |
Cement Type |
II |
II |
I |
I |
III |
III |
III |
III |
I |
I |
III |
Cement Quantity, lb/yd3 |
680 |
680 |
747 |
747 |
671 |
671 |
671 |
526 |
752 |
752 |
728 |
Fly Ash Type |
— |
— |
C |
C |
C |
C |
C |
C |
— |
— |
C |
Fly Ash Quantity, lb/yd3 |
— |
— |
249 |
249 |
315 |
315 |
312 |
196 |
— |
— |
222 |
Silica Fume, lb/yd3 |
84 |
84 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
55 |
75 |
50 |
Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag, lb/yd3 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
Fine Aggregate, lb/yd3 |
1200 |
1200 |
974 |
974 |
1086 |
1086 |
1062 |
1160 |
1425 |
1350 |
890 |
Coarse Aggregate Maximum Size, inches |
0.75 |
0.75 |
0.75 |
0.75 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.75 |
0.75 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
Coarse Aggregate Quantity, lb/yd3 |
1825 |
1825 |
1920 |
1920 |
1919 |
1919 |
1863 |
1998 |
1675 |
1671 |
1870 |
Water, lb/yd3 |
190 |
190 |
248 |
248 |
248 |
248 |
246 |
196 |
255 |
235 |
265 |
Air Entrainment, fl oz/yd3 |
6.0 |
4.0 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
3–7 |
7 |
— |
Water Reducer, fl oz/yd3 |
46 |
46 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
24–30 |
— |
29 |
Retarder, fl oz/yd3 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
27 |
27 |
28 |
16 |
24–30 |
25–30 |
— |
High-Range Water Reducer, fl oz/yd3 |
260 |
382 |
5–15 |
5–15 |
200 |
200 |
200 |
159 |
202 |
207 |
215 |
1 in = 25.4 mm
1 fl oz/yd3 = 38.69 ml/m3 (38.69 milliliters per cubic meter)
1 lb/yd3 = 0.593 kg/m3 (0.593 kilograms per cubic meter)
1 Based on approved concrete mix proportions.
2 Also includes 4.0 gallons per cubic yard (gal/yd3) (4.951 liters per cubic meter (l/ m3)) of corrosion inhibitor.
3 Later changed to 0.5 inch (12.7 mm).
(s) Steam-cured girders only.
Table 8. Concrete mix proportions for cast-in-place concrete decks.1
STATE |
AL |
CO |
GA |
LA |
NE |
NH2 |
NH2 |
NM |
NC |
OH3 |
BRIDGE NAME |
AL 199 |
Yale Ave. |
S.R. 920 |
Charenton |
120th St. |
Route 104 |
Route 3A |
Rio Puerco |
U.S. 401 |
U.S. 22 |
W/CM Ratio |
0.37 |
0.38 |
0.34 |
0.39 |
0.31 |
0.38 |
0.38 |
0.32 |
0.33 |
0.22 |
Cement Type |
II |
— |
I |
IS |
IP |
II |
Blended |
I/II |
I/II |
I |
Cement Quantity, lb/yd3 |
658 |
705 |
651 |
306 |
750 |
607 |
608 |
687 |
587 |
803 |
Fly Ash Type |
C |
— |
— |
— |
C |
— |
— |
F |
F |
F |
Fly Ash Quantity, lb/yd3 |
165 |
— |
— |
— |
75 |
— |
— |
172 |
175 |
68.5 |
Silica Fume, lb/yd3 |
— |
— |
12 |
— |
— |
53 |
52 |
— |
— |
87.5 |
Ground Granulated Blast- Furnace Slag, lb/yd3 |
— |
— |
— |
305 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
Fine Aggregate, lb/yd3 |
1,042 |
1,384 |
1,385 |
1,176 |
1,400 |
1,190 |
1,190 |
1,290 |
1,000 |
868 |
Coarse Aggregate Maximum Size, inches |
1 |
0.75 |
0.75 |
1 |
0.5 |
0.75 |
0.75 |
0.5 |
1 |
0.375 |
Coarse Aggregate Quantity, lb/yd3 |
1,860 |
1,488 |
1,700 |
1,900 |
1,400 |
1,815 |
1,815 |
1,400 |
1,825 |
1,721 |
Water, lb/yd3 |
304 |
266 |
225 |
238 |
255 |
253 |
253 |
275 |
250 |
210 |
Air Entrainment, fl oz/yd3 |
32 |
3.4 |
16.2 |
4.0 |
5 |
6 |
4.5 |
8.6 |
— |
31.6 |
Water Reducer, fl oz/yd3 |
25 |
— |
19.5 |
— |
30 |
20 |
19.8 |
— |
— |
— |
Retarder, fl oz/yd3 |
— |
— |
— |
36.7 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
High-Range Water Reducer, fl oz/yd3 |
98 |
19 |
143 |
— |
135 |
79 |
105.6 |
56.3 |
— |
191.8 |
1 in = 25.4 mm
1 fl oz/yd3 = 38.69 ml/m3 (38.69 milliliters per cubic meter)
1 lb/yd3 = 0.593 kg/m3 (0.593 kilograms per cubic meter)
Table 8. Concrete mix proportions for cast-in-place concrete decks1—Continued
STATE |
SD |
SD |
TN |
TN |
TX (Louetta) |
TX (San Angelo) |
VA |
VA |
WA |
BRIDGE NAME |
I-29 NB |
I-29 SB |
Porter |
Hickman |
NB |
SB |
EB |
WB |
Route 40 |
VA Ave. |
S.R. 18 |
W/CM Ratio |
0.39 |
0.36 |
0.36 |
0.36 |
0.43 |
0.35 |
0.31 |
0.42 |
0.40 |
0.45 |
0.39 |
Cement Type |
II |
II |
I |
I |
I |
I |
II |
II |
II |
I |
I |
Cement Quantity, lb/yd3 |
511 |
590 |
494 |
494 |
383 |
474 |
490 |
427 |
329 |
560 |
660 |
Fly Ash Type |
— |
F |
C |
C |
C |
C |
C |
C |
— |
F |
C |
Fly Ash Quantity, lb/yd3 |
118 |
124 |
153 |
153 |
148 |
221 |
210 |
184 |
— |
140 |
75 |
Silica Fume, lb/yd3 |
55 |
— |
50 |
50 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
Ground Granulated Blast-urnace Slag, lb/yd3 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
329 |
— |
— |
Fine Aggregate, lb/yd3 |
1,100 |
1,222 |
1,115 |
1,115 |
1,243 |
1,303 |
1,365 |
1,240 |
1,173 |
1,004 |
1,100 |
Coarse Aggregate Maximum Size, inches |
— |
— |
1 |
1 |
1.5 |
1 |
1–1/4 |
1–1/4 |
1 |
1 |
0.5 |
Coarse Aggregate Quantity, lb/yd3 |
1,725 |
1,634 |
1,810 |
1,810 |
1,856 |
1,811 |
1,900 |
1,856 |
1,773 |
1,724 |
1,700 |
Water, lb/yd3 |
264 |
255 |
233 |
233 |
229 |
244 |
219 |
258 |
263 |
315 |
290 |
Air Entrainment, fl oz/yd3 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
2.1 |
— |
3.1 |
3.1 |
8.5 |
5 |
— |
Water Reducer, fl oz/yd3 |
41 |
22 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
66 |
— |
6 |
Retarder, fl oz/yd3 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
45 |
22 |
28 |
26 |
— |
21 |
— |
High-Range Water Reducer, fl oz/yd3 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
122 |
156 |
— |
13–20 |
— |
— |
1 in = 25.4 mm
1 fl oz/yd3 = 38.69 ml/m3 (38.69 milliliters per cubic meter)
1 lb/yd3 = 0.593 kg/m3 (0.593 kilograms per cubic meter)
1 Based on approved concrete mix proportions.
2 Also includes 4.0 gal/yd3 (4.951 l/m3) of corrosion inhibitor.
3 Ohio bridge did not have a separate concrete deck. Values are for the abutments.
Table 9. Measured structural concrete properties for prestressed concrete girders.1
STATE |
AL |
CO |
GA |
LA |
NE |
NH |
NH |
NM |
NC |
OH |
BRIDGE NAME |
AL 199 |
Yale Ave. |
S.R. 920 |
Charenton |
120th St. |
Route 104 |
Route 3A |
Rio Puerco |
U.S. 401 |
U.S. 22 |
Max. Concrete Temp., °F |
— |
158 |
— |
147 |
132 |
— |
— |
— |
162 |
— |
Slump, inches |
7.7 |
— |
3.5–6 |
6.6 |
— |
6.3 |
7 |
7.5 |
4–7 |
6 |
Air Content, % |
4.4 |
— |
3–5 |
— |
— |
6.6 |
3.5 |
7.2 |
3–5 |
6–7 |
Unit Weight, lb/ft3 |
149.7 |
— |
145.0 |
— |
— |
147.1 |
148.6 |
137.5 |
— |
— |
Curing Type |
Ps |
— |
sc |
sc, ps |
s |
s |
s |
— |
— |
s |
Compressive Strength |
Age at Release, h |
19–45 |
— |
24 |
21–40 |
— |
14–17 |
— |
72 |
27 |
18 |
Release, psi |
8,040–
9,810 |
5,600–10,900 |
10,464 |
8,130 |
8,471 |
6,700 |
6,800 |
7,325 |
9,400 |
7,810 |
7 days, psi |
— |
— |
10,360 |
9,250 |
10,529 |
8,000 |
10,240 |
— |
— |
9,060 |
28 days, psi |
9,920 |
— |
12,480 |
11,018 |
12,554 |
7,755 |
11,200 |
9,076 |
13,100 |
11,290 |
56 days, psi |
9,950 |
7800–14,000 |
13,300 |
11,238 |
13,944 |
9,000 |
11,850 |
10,151 |
— |
11,810 |
1 in = 25.4 millimeters (mm)
1 psi = 6.89 MPa
°C = ( °F−32)*5/9
Table 9. Measured structural concrete properties for prestressed concrete girders1—Continued
STATE |
SD |
SD |
TN |
TN |
TX (Louetta)2 |
TX (San Angelo)2 |
VA |
VA |
WA |
BRIDGE NAME |
I-29 NB |
I-29 SB |
Porter |
Hickman |
NB |
SB |
EB |
WB |
Route 40 |
VA Ave. |
S.R. 18 |
Max. Concrete Temp., °F |
140 |
140 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
158 |
155 |
166 |
161 |
— |
Slump, inches |
8 |
6.9 |
— |
— |
3.8–8.8 |
3.8–8.5 |
3.5–9 |
7–8 |
6.8 |
6.6 |
2.8–6 |
Air Content, % |
4 |
6.7 |
— |
— |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
5.9 |
4.4 |
1 |
Unit Weight, lb/ft3 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
154 |
154 |
153 |
149 |
— |
— |
159 |
Curing Type |
rh |
rh |
S |
s |
Sc |
sc |
sc |
sc |
s, m |
s |
s |
Compressive Strength |
Age at Release, h |
— |
— |
24–72 |
24–72 |
17–21 |
19–21 |
17–46 |
26 |
18 s |
18 |
18–60 |
Release, psi |
— |
— |
8635 |
8719 |
8460 |
8740 |
9940 |
8560 |
7340 s |
8840 |
8150 |
7 days, psi |
11,970 |
10,400 |
9484 |
9903 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
28 days, psi |
15,900 |
13,250 |
9651 |
10,529 |
13,460 |
13,610 |
14,510 |
10,130 |
9060 s |
11,200 |
11,370 |
56 days, psi |
15,590 |
— |
10,090 |
10,651 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
9875 s |
— |
12,220 |
1 in = 25.4 millimeters (mm)
1 psi = 6.89 MPa
°C = ( °F−32)*5/9
1 Based on production concrete.
2 For the Texas bridges, different concrete strengths were specified for different girder span lengths. Listed strengths are average values except for San Angelo WB, where the largest values are used.
m = moist curing, rh = radiant heat curing, ps = partial steam curing, s = steam curing, sc = self-curing (concrete insulated without additional heat).
Table 10. Measured structural concrete properties for cast-in-place concrete decks.1
STATE |
AL |
CO |
GA |
LA |
NE |
NH |
NH |
NM |
NC |
OH2 |
BRIDGE NAME |
AL 199 |
Yale Ave. |
S.R. 920 |
Charenton |
120th St. |
Route 104 |
Route 3A |
Rio Puerco |
U.S. 401 |
U.S. 22 |
Slump, inches |
5.8 |
3.8 |
4–7 |
— |
— |
3–5 |
5.25 |
2.5–8.5 |
4–5 |
4.5 |
Air Content, % |
4.7 |
5.5 |
3.2–6.5 |
— |
— |
4.0–5.8 |
6.0 |
4.5–8.2 |
5.7–6.8 |
6.5 |
Unit Weight, psi |
— |
143.4 |
149.2 |
— |
— |
144–147 |
147.4 |
134–150 |
— |
141 |
Curing Type |
Wet |
Wet |
Wet |
Wet |
Wet |
Wet |
Wet |
Wet |
Wet |
Wet |
Curing Duration, days |
7 |
5 |
7 |
7 |
— |
5.7 |
7 |
14 |
7 |
7 |
Compressive Strength |
7 days, psi |
6010 |
4390 |
5040 |
3149 |
7252 |
6890 |
7100 |
5116 |
— |
— |
28 days, psi |
7370 |
5310 |
6217 |
5493 |
9606 |
9020 |
9004 |
6160 |
7150 NB |
8689 |
56 days, psi |
— |
5950 |
7740 |
5785 |
10,433 |
— |
9120 |
7501 |
— |
— |
1 in = 25.4 millimeters (mm)
1 psi = 6.89 MPa
Table 10. Measured structural concrete properties for cast-in-place concrete decks1—Continued
STATE |
SD |
SD |
TN |
TN |
TX (Louetta) |
TX (San Angelo) |
VA |
VA |
WA |
BRIDGE NAME |
I-29 NB |
I-29 SB |
Porter |
Hickman |
NB |
SB |
EB |
WB |
Route 40 |
VA Ave. |
S.R. 18 |
Slump, inches |
— |
2.5 |
— |
— |
4 |
7 |
7.4 |
— |
5.7 |
3.6 |
3.3 |
Air Content, % |
— |
6.7 |
— |
— |
3.8 |
0 |
6.3 |
4.7 |
7.0 |
5.8 |
5.6 |
Unit Weight, psi |
— |
143 |
— |
— |
143 |
150 |
— |
145 |
— |
— |
— |
Curing Type |
Wet |
Wet |
Wet |
Wet |
Wet |
Wet |
Wet |
Wet |
Wet |
Wet |
Wet |
Curing Duration, days |
7 |
7 |
7 |
7 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
7 |
7 |
14 |
Compressive Strength |
7 days, psi |
5120 |
4920 |
4945 |
4287 |
— |
— |
6054 |
— |
5388 |
4260 |
— |
28 days, psi |
7070 |
6170 |
8265 |
6460 |
5700 |
9100 |
7345 |
6120 |
6600 |
5400 |
5490 |
56 days, psi |
— |
— |
8713 |
7197 |
5700 |
9740 |
— |
— |
— |
6710 |
— |
1 in = 25.4 mm
1 psi = 6.89 MPa
1 Based on production concrete.
2 Ohio bridge did not have a separate concrete deck. Values are for the abutments.
Table 11. Measured durability properties for prestressed concrete girders and cast-in-place concrete decks.1
STATE |
AL |
CO |
GA |
LA |
NE |
NH |
NH |
NM |
NC |
OH |
BRIDGE NAME |
AL 199 |
Yale Ave. |
S.R. 920 |
Charenton |
120th St. |
Route 104 |
Route 3A |
Rio Puerco |
U.S. 401 |
U.S. 22 |
Prestressed Concrete Girders |
Air Content, % |
4.4 |
— |
3–5 |
— |
— |
6.6 |
3.5 |
— |
3–5 |
6–7 |
Chloride Permeability, C |
2,720 |
— |
198 |
1,355 |
— |
1,590 |
390 |
— |
1,257–
3,055 |
213 |
Age, days |
56 |
— |
56 |
56 |
— |
56 |
56 |
— |
90 |
320 |
Freeze-Thaw Resistance, % |
98 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
1072 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
Scaling Resistance |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
Abrasion Resistance, inches |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
Cast-in-Place Concrete Decks |
Air Content, % |
4.7 |
5.5 |
3.2–6.5 |
— |
— |
4.0–5.8 |
6.0 |
4.5–8.2 |
5.7–6.8 |
— |
Chloride Permeability, C |
2870 |
5597 |
3963 |
1390 |
589 |
753 |
1060 |
— |
— |
— |
Age, days |
56 |
— |
56 |
56 |
— |
56 |
56 |
— |
— |
— |
Freeze-Thaw Resistance, % |
92 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
972 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
Scaling Resistance, |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
0–1 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
Abrasion Resistance, inches |
— |
0.025 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
1 in = 25.4 mm
Table 11. Measured durability properties for prestressed concrete girders and cast-in-place concrete decks1—Continued
STATE |
SD |
SD |
TN |
TN |
TX (Louetta) |
TX (San Angelo) |
VA |
VA |
WA |
BRIDGE NAME |
I-29 NB |
I-29 SB |
Porter |
Hickman |
NB |
SB |
EB |
WB |
Route 40 |
VA Ave. |
S.R. 18 |
Prestressed Concrete Girders |
Air Content, % |
4 |
6.7 |
— |
— |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
5.9 |
4.4 |
1 |
Chloride Permeability, C |
65 |
88 |
390 |
496 |
≤ 1,000 |
≤ 1,000 |
≤ 1,000 |
≤ 1,000 |
228 |
125 |
496 |
Age, days |
90 |
— |
56 |
56 |
56 |
56 |
56 |
56 |
283 |
283 |
> 300 |
Freeze-Thaw Resistance, % |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
26, 912 |
— |
Scaling Resistance |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
0–1 |
— |
Abrasion Resistance, inches |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
Cast-in-Place Concrete Decks |
Air Content, % |
— |
6.8 |
— |
— |
3.8 |
0 |
6.3 |
4.7 |
7.0 |
5.8 |
5.6 |
Chloride Permeability, C |
461 |
1058 |
1297 |
3173 |
17304 |
9004 |
7034 |
25734 |
778 |
1457 |
2645 |
Age, days |
90 |
— |
56 |
28 |
56 |
56 |
56 |
56 |
283 |
283 |
> 210 |
Freeze-Thaw Resistance, % |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
97.9 |
97.3 |
— |
1082 |
— |
Scaling Resistance |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
2–3 |
0 |
— |
0–1 |
— |
Abrasion Resistance, inches |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
0.04 |
0.07 |
— |
— |
5 |
1 in = 25.4 millimeters (mm)
1 Based on production concrete.
2 ASTM C 666 procedure A or AASHTO T 161 procedure A.
3 Includes 21 days at 100 °F.
4 ASTM standard cure.
5 Reported as a weight loss of 3.33 grams (gm).
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FHWA-HRT-05-056
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