U.S. Department of Transportation
Federal Highway Administration
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Washington, DC 20590
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Federal Highway Administration Research and Technology
Coordinating, Developing, and Delivering Highway Transportation Innovations
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This report is an archived publication and may contain dated technical, contact, and link information |
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Publication Number: FHWA-RD-07-052 Date: September 2007 |
This LTPP Protocol covers the procedures for the petrographic examination of samples of hardened concrete. The test shall be carried out in accordance with ASTM C856-04 as described by the following.
1.1 Samples examined as part of this procedure will be concrete cores obtained from in-service pavement sections. Reference in the protocol to "concrete constructions" refers only to these samples for the purposes of LTPP testing.
1.3 Annex A1 for identifying locations where alkali-silica gel may be present will not be performed as part of this test procedure.
3.1 The qualifications outlined in the standard are not part of this test method per se. However, these qualifications may be used in the selection of a laboratory to perform the testing.
4.2.8 Delete
4.2.9 Delete
4.2.12 Delete
4.4 Delete
4.5 Delete
5.2 For Specimen Preparation:
5.2.1 Diamond Saw - Slabbing saw with an automatic feed and blade large enough to make at least a 175-mm (6.9-inch) cut in one pass.
5.2.3 Horizontal Lap Wheel or Wheels, steel, cast iron, or other metal lap, at least 400 mm (15.7 inches) in diameter and large enough to grain a 100 by 150-mm (4 by 6-inch) area.
5.2.5 Polishing Wheel, at least 200 mm (7.9 inches) in diameter and two-speed
5.2.8 Abrasives - Silicon carbide grits, 150-µm (5.9 mils), 63-µm (2.5 mils), 31-µm (1.2 mils), 16-µm (0.6 mils), and 12-µm (0.5 mils); optical finishing powders such as M-303, M-204, M-309; polishing powders as needed.
5.2.10 Canada balsam or Lakeside 70 cement for impregnating concrete and mounting thin sections plus appropriate solvent.
7.1 The minimum sample size will be a 150-mm (6-inch) diameter core and the full depth of the pavement.
7.2 Samples from Constructions
7.2.3 The information provided with the samples should include:
7.2.3.1 The location and original orientation of each specimen
7.2.3.2 Delete
7.2.3.3 Delete
7.2.3.4 Delete
7.2.3.5 Age of the structure
7.2.3.6 Delete
7.2.3.7 Delete
7.2.3.8 Prevalent distresses on the pavement section
7.2.3.9 Delete
7.3 Delete
13.1 Following information shall be recorded for each test:
13.1.1 Sample Identification shall include: Laboratory Identification Code, LTPP Region, State, State Code, SHRP ID, Layer Number, Field Set Number, Sample Area Number, Sample Location Number, and LTPP Sample Number.
13.1.2 Test Identification shall include: LTPP Test Designation, LTPP Protocol Number, Laboratory Test Number, and Test Date.
13.2 All photographs will be taken with a digital camera with a minimum level of resolution of 1280 x 960 pixels.
13.3 Each picture will be stored in an electronic file using the following naming convention:
SSSHRPFSLLOC_NN.jpg
Where: SS = State code
SHRP = SHRP ID for site
FS = field set
L = layer number
LOC = location number
NN = image number
13.4 Comments shall include LTPP standard comment code (s) as shown in Section 4.3 of this Guide, and any other note as needed.
LTPP LABORATORY MATERIAL HANDLING AND TESTING
LABORATORY MATERIAL TEST DATA
PETROGRAPHIC EXAMINATION OF HARDENED CONCRETE
TEST DATA SHEET T70
PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE LAYER
LTPP TEST DESIGNATION PC10/LTPP PROTOCOL P70
LABORATORY PERFORMING TEST:______________________________________________________________
LABORATORY IDENTIFICATION CODE: __ __ __ __
REGION _________________ STATE ___________________ STATE CODE __ __
EXPERIMENT NO _____ SHRP ID __ __ __ __
SAMPLED BY: ______________________________________________ FIELD SET NO. __
DATE SAMPLED: __ __-__ __-__ __ __ __ SAMPLING AREA No: SA- _____
TEST DATE: __ __-__ __-__ __ __ __
1. LAYER NUMBER (FROM LAB SHEET L04 AND FORM T01B) __
2. LOCATION NUMBER __ __ __
3. LABORATORY TEST NUMBER __
4. LTPP SAMPLE NUMBER __ __ __ __
COARSE AGGREGATE INFORMATION
5. MINERALOGY, AS PERCEPTIBLE ______________________________________
6. MAXIMUM grain size DIMENSION, mm __ __ __
7. Minimum grain size dimension, mm __ __
4. TYPE (1 = gravel, 2 = crushed stone, 3 = mixed (1 and 2), 4 = Other) __
If type = other: ______________________________________
5. Percentage of coarse aggregate, % __ __
6. SHAPE ______________________________________
7. PACKING ______________________________________
8. Grading (1 = even, 2 = uneven, 3 = excess, 4 = deficiency of size(s)) __
9. Parallelism of long axes of exposed sections
(1 = normal to direction or placement, 2 = parallel to finished surface) __
10. Surface texture _____________________________________
11. Interangular bond _____________________________________
12. Percentage of concrete breaking through aggregate, % __ __ __
13. Is breaking occuring through one predominant type of aggregate (y/n) __
if y, what kind? _____________________________________
14. Percentage of aggregate with boundary voids __ __ __
15. is breaking occuring through one predominant type of aggregate (y/N) __
If y, what kind? _____________________________________
16. additional information:______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
FINE AGGREGATE INFORMATION
17. MINERALOGY, AS PERCEPTIBLE ______________________________________
18. TYPE (1 = NATURAL SAND, 2 = MANUFACTURED SAND, 3 = MIXED, 4 = OTHER) __
IF TYPE = OTHER : ______________________________________
19. DISTRIBUTION ______________________________________
20. PARTICLE SHAPE ______________________________________
21. GRADING ______________________________________
22. PERFERRED ORIENTATION ______________________________________
23. SURFACE TEXTURE ______________________________________
24. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION:______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
MATRIX
25. COLOR __________________________________
26. color distribution (1 = mottled, 2 = even, 3 = gradational changes) __
27. fractures present:
(1 = through aggregate, 2 = around aggregate, 3 = no fracturing observed) __
28. contact of matrix with aggregate: (1 = close, 3 = aggregate not dislodged with fingers or probe, 4 = boundary openings frequent, 5 = broundary openings rare) __
if boundary openings present: Width __ __ mm, EMPTY (Y/N) __
29. CRACKS PRESENT BEFORE SPECIMEN PREPARATION (Y/N) __
30. CRACKS PRESENT AFTER SPECIMEN PREPARATION (Y/N) __
31. MINERAL ADMIXTURES (Y/N) __
IF YES, THEN TYPE: __________________________________
32. CONTAMINATION: _________________________________
33. BLEEDING: ______________________________________
34. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION:______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
VOIDS
35. PERCENTAGE OF VOIDS, % __
36. PREDOMINANT VOID SHAPE (1 = SPHERICAL, 2 = ELLIPSOIDAL, 3 = IRREGULAR, 4 = DISK-SHAPED, 5 = OTHER) __
IF OTHER, DESCRIPTION : _________________________________
37. PROPOROTION OF SPHERICAL TO NONSPHERICAL VOIDS, % __ __ __
38. DISTRIBUTION _________________________________
39. GRADING _________________________________
40. PARALLELISM OF LONG AXES OF IRREGULAR VOIDS
VOIDS PARALLEL TO EACH OTHER (Y/N) __
VOIDS PARALLEL TO LONG AXES OF COARSE AGGREGATE (Y/N) __
41. COLOR CHANGE BETWEEN VOIDS AND MATRIX (Y/N) __
42. VOID CONDITION (1 = EMPTY, 2 = FILLED, 3 = LINED, 4 = PARTLY LINED) __
(1 = through aggregate, 2 = around aggregate, 3 = no fracturing observed) __
43. INTERIOR SURFACE OF VOIDS (1 = LIKE REST OF MATRIX, 2 = DULL, 3 = SHINING) __
44. LININGS IN VOIDS (1 = ABSENT, 2 = RARE, 3 = COMMON IN MOST) __
45. CONDITION OF LININGS (1 = ABSENT, 2 = COMPLETE, 3 = PARTIAL) __
46. LINING COLOR (1 = NO LININGS, 2 = COLORLESS, 3 = COLORED) __
47. LINING SHAPES (1 = NO LININGS, 2 = SILKY TUFTS, 3 = HEXAGONAL TABLETS, 4 = GEL) __
48. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON LININGS:__________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
49. UNDERSIDE VOIDES OR SHEETS OF VOIDS ARE: 1= UNCOMMON, 2 = SMALL, 3 = COMMON,
4 = ABUNDANT __
50. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON VOIDS:____________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
GENERAL INFORMATION AND COMMENTS
51. PHOTOGRAPHS TAKEN (Y/N) __
52. NUMBER OF PHOTOGRAPHS __
53. COMMENT CODES __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
54. ADDITIONAL COMMENT:___________________________________________________________________
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SUBMITTED BY, DATE | CHECKED AND APPROVED, DATE |
______________________________ | ______________________________ |
LABORATORY CHIEF Affiliation______________________ | Affiliation______________________ |
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