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Crosswalk Marking Field Visibility Study

REFERENCES

1. Federal Highway Administration. (2009). Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways, 2009 Ed. Obtained from: http://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov/kno_2009.htm. Site last accessed March 5, 2010.

2. Knoblauch, R.L., Tustin, B. H., Smith, S. A., and Pietrucha, M. T. (1988). Investigation of Exposure–Based Pedestrian Accident Areas: Crosswalks, Sidewalks, Local Streets and Major Arterials, Report No. FHWA–RD–87–038, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC.

3. Knoblauch, R.L., and Raymond, P. D. (2000). The Effect of Crosswalk Markings on Vehicle Speeds in Maryland, Virginia, and Arizona, Report No. FHWA–RD–00–101, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC.

4. Knoblauch, R.L., Nitzburg, M., and Seifert, R. F. (2001). Pedestrian Crosswalk Case Studies: Sacramento, California; Richmond, Virginia; Buffalo, New York; Stillwater, Minnesota, Report No. FHWA–RD–00–103, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC.

5. ITE TENC Technical Committee 109–01 (2010). Pavement Marking Patterns Used at Uncontrolled Pedestrian Crossings, Publication No. IR-131, Institute of Traffic Engineers, Washington, DC.

6. Fitzpatrick, K., Turner, S., Brewer, M., Carlson, P., Lalani, N., Ullman, B., Trout, N., Park, E.S., Lord, D., and Whitacre, J. (2006). Improving Pedestrian Safety at Unsignalized Crossings. TCRP Report 112/NCHRP Report 562. Transportation Research Board. Obtained from: onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/nchrp/nchrp_rpt_562.pdf. Site last accessed August 20, 2007.

7. Fitzpatrick, K., Turner, S., Brewer, M., Carlson, P., Lalani, N., Ullman, B., Trout, N., Park, E.S., Lord, D., and Whitacre, J. (2006). Improving Pedestrian Safety at Unsignalized Crossings–Appendices B to O. TCRP/NCHRP Web–Only Document 30/91. Transportation Research Board. Obtained from: http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/nchrp/nchrp_w91.pdf. Site last accessed: April 10, 2009.

8. Hawkings, H.G., and Pratt, M.P. (2008). Preliminary Economic Impacts of Implementing Minimum Levels of Pavement Marking Retroreflectivity. Report No. FHWA–SA–08–010, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC.

FHWA-HRT-10-068