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AASHTO, "Guide Specifications for Design and Construction of Segmental Concrete Bridges", American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Second, 1999.
AASHTO, "LRFD Bridge Design Specifications", American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Second Edition with subsequent interims, 1998.
AASHTO, "Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges", American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Sixteenth Edition with subsequent interims, 1996.
AASHTO: American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, 444 North Capitol Street, N.W., Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001; http://www.transportation.org/
ACI Committee 222, "Corrosion of Prestressing Steels," ACI 222.2R-01, American Concrete Institute, February 2001.
ACI Committee 423, "Recommendations for Concrete Members Prestressed with Unbonded Tendons," American Concrete Institute, February 1996.
ACI/ASCE Committee 423, "Corrosion and Repair of Unbonded Single Strand Tendons," American Concrete Institute, February 1998.
Aeberhard, H.U., Buergi, P., Ganz, H.R., et al., "External Post-Tensioning," VSL Series 1, VSL International Ltd., Berne, Switzerland, 1992.
Anglo-French Liaison Report, "Post-Tensioned Concrete Bridges/ Ponts en Beton Precontraint par Post-Tension," Highways Agency, Service d'Etudes Techniques des Routes et Autoroutes, Transport Research Laboratory, and Laboratoire des Ponts et Chaussees, Thomas Telford Publishing, London, 1999.
API: American Petroleum Institute, API Publications, Global Engineering Documents, 15 Inverness Way East, M/S C303B, Englewood, Co, 80112-5776, U.S.A., Phone: 303-397-7956, Fax: 303-379-2740, Internet: www.global.ihs.com
ASBI Grouting Committee, "Interim Statement on Grouting Practices," American Segmental Bridge Institute, December 4, 2000.
ASBI: American Segmental Bridge Institute, 9201 N. 25th Avenue, Suite 150B, Phoenix, Az., 85021-2721, Phone: 602-997-0064, Fax: 602.997.9965, Internet: http://www.asbi-assoc.org/
ASTM: American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Bar Harbor Drive., West Conshohocken, Pa., 19428-2959, U.S.A., Phone: 601-832-9585, Fax: 610-832-9555, http://www.astm.org/
Ballinger, C.A., Podolny, W., Jr., and Abrahams, M.J., "World Survey of Current Research and Development on Roads and Road Transport, Part II: A Report on the Design and Construction of Segmental Prestressed Concrete Bridges in Western Europe, 1977," Contract No. DOT-FH-11-8893, International Road Federation, Washington, D.C., June 1978.
"Cantilever Construction of Bridges," ref: f.i. 2019A, Freyssinet International, Boulogne-Billancourt, France, 1975.
Chaallal, O., Shahawy, M., and Nickas, W., "Corrugated High Density Polyethylene Pipes for Gravity Flow Applications-Service Life and Design Issues," Final Report. Structural Research Center, Florida Department of Transportation, Tallahassee, Florida, April 1999.
Ciolko, A.T., and Tabatabai, H., "Nondestructive Methods for Condition Evaluation of Prestressing Steel Strands in Concrete Bridges," Final Report, NCHRP Project 10-53, National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., March 1999.
The Concrete Society, "Durable Port-Tensioned Concrete Bridges," Concrete Society Technical Report 47, Edition 2, Report of a Working Party of the Concrete Society, Berkshire, England, November 2000.
"Corrugated Plastic Ducts for Internal Bonded Post-Tensioning," Technical Report, Bulletin 7, International Federation for Structural Concrete (fib), Lausanne, Switzerland, January 2000.
Corven, J. A., "Overview on External Prestressing in the World Application in North America," External Prestressing in Structures Conference, Saint-Remy-les-Chevreuse, France, June 1993.
Corven, J.A., "Mid-Bay Bridge Post-Tensioning Evaluation," Florida Department of Transportation Report, Corven Engineering, Inc., Tallahassee, Florida, 2001.
Corven, J.A. and Moreton, A.J, "New Directions for Florida Post-Tensioned Bridges", Volumes 1 through 9, Florida Department of Transportation Report, Corven Engineering, Inc., Tallahassee, Florida, 2002.
Cullington, D.W., MacNeil, D., Paulson, P., and Elliot, J., "Continuous Acoustic Monitoring of Grouted Post-Tensioned Concrete Bridges," Transportation Research Laboratory, Berkshire, England, UK, and Pure Technologies Ltd., Calgary, Canada.
Davis, A.G., "Nondestructive Evaluation Helps Maintain Concrete Structures," Structures, September 2001, pp. 20-25.
DYWIDAG Bonded Post-Tensioning Systems. (Brochure) DYWIDAG-Systems International, Bolingbrook, Illinois, May 1998.
DYWIDAG: Multistrand Post-Tensioning System. (Brochure) DYWIDAG-Systems International, Bolingbrook, Illinois.
Dywidag-Systems International, USA, Inc., Corporate Office, 320 Marmon Drive, Bolingbrook, IL, 60440, 630-739-1100; Fax 630-972-9604; http://www.dywidag-systems.com/
Elliot, J. F., "Continuous Acoustic Monitoring of Bridges," IBC-99-70, Pure Technologies, Ltd., Calgary, Canada.
Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, "Bridge Structures Related Research - Summary: Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) of Highway Bridges," June 1997, March 2, 2001.
Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, "Performance of Grouts for Post-Tensioned Bridge Structures," December, 1993.
Florida Department of Transportation: "A Guide to the Construction of Segmental Bridges," October, 1989.
Florida Department of Transportation, Standard Specifications, "Section 462: Post-Tensioning", 2003.
Florida Department of Transportation, Standard Specifications, "Section 938: Post-Tensioning Grout", 2002.
Florida Department of Transportation, Standard Specifications, "Section 939: Post-Tensioning System Hardware", 2002.
Freysinnet International, 1 bis rue du Petit Clamart, 78140, Velizy, France (011)-33-1-46-01-8531, Fax: (011)-33-1-46-01-8681, http://www.freysinnet.com/, E-mail: jpfuzier@freysinnet.com
Ganz, H.R., "PT-PLUS: Plastic Duct System," Report No. 241e, VSL International, Berne, Switzerland, May 1991 (Rev. October 1992/R9203005).
General Technologies, Inc. 13022 Trinity Drive, Stafford, TX 77477, 281-240-0990, Fax: 281-240-0990: http://www.gti-usa.net/
Ghorbanpoor, A., Borchelt, R., Edwards, M., and Abdel Salam, E., "Magnetic-Based NDE of Prestressed and Post-Tensioned Concrete Members-The MFL System," Publication No. FHWA-RD-00-026, Federal Highway Administration Research, Development, and Technology, U.S. Department of Transportation, McLean, Virginia, May 2000.
Hsuan, Y.G., and McGrath, T., "HDPE Pipe: Recommended Material Specifications and Design Requirements," Report 429, Transportation Research Board, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 1999.
IABSE-fip Workshop, "Durability of Post-Tensioning Tendons," Conference Summary, Gant, Belgium, November 15-16, 2001.
Jaeger, B.J., Sansalone, M.J., and Poston, R.W., "Detecting Voids in Grouted Tendon Ducts of Post-Tensioned Concrete Structures Using the Impact-Echo Method," ACI Structural Journal, July-August 1996, pp. 462-473.
Kesner, K., and Poston, R.W., "Condition Assessment of Concrete Structures Using Impact-Echo," Concrete Repair Bulletin, January/February 1997, pp. 6-11.
Kessler, R.J., Powers, R.G., Langley, R.M., and Zobel, R.s., "Investigation of the Use of High Molecular Weight Methylmethacrylate Monomer for Sealing Various Deck Crack Configurations in the Sunshine Skyway Bridge," Florida Department of Transportation, Bureau of Materials and research, Gainesville, Florida, September 25, 1986.
"Les Fissurations des Betons," Journee d'Etude ITBTP-AFREM-AFB du 5 Juin 1980, Annales de L'Institut du Bariment et des Travaux Publics, No. 398, October 1981.
The Liaseal Coupler. (Brochure) Freyssinet, LLC, Chantilly, Virginia, November 2001.
"Magnetic-Based NDE of Prestressed and Post-Tensioned Concrete Members-The MFL System," Federal Highway Administration TechBrief - Report No. FHWA-RD-00-026. Federal Highway Administration Research, Development, and Technology, U.S. Department of Transportation, McLean, Virginia, April 2000.
Manning, D.G., "Durability of Prestressed Concrete Highway Structures," NCHRP Report 140, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., November 1988.
McCormick, J.L., Winter, W.A., and Watkins, R.L., "Methods of Controlling Grout for Prestressed, Post-Tensioned Structures," Interim Report, M & R No. 635117-3, FHWA No. D03-12, State of California Business and Transportation Agency, Department of Public Works, Division of Highways, November 1971.
Mehta, P. K., and Burrows, R.W., "Building Durable Structures in the 21st Century," Concrete International, March 2001, pp. 57-63.
Moreton, A., "Special Report: Segmental Bridge Construction in Florida-A Review and Perspective," PCI Journal, V. 34, No. 3, May-June 1989, pp.36-67.
Muller, J. M., "Ten Years of Experience in Precast Segmental Construction," PCI Journal - Special Report, V. 20, No. 1, January-February 1975, pp. 2-35.
Muller, J. M., and Barker, J., "Design and Construction of the Linn Cove Viaduct," PCI Journal - Special Report, V. 30, No. 5, September-October 1985, pp. 2-17.
"New Steeltest® Applications," NDT Intelligence Report, No. 2, Spring/Summer 1994, (Reprint).
NOFX-PEHD Sheathing. (Brochure) PE Specialisten, Eschborn, Germany.
Paulson, P. O., "Practical Continuous Acoustic Monitoring of Suspension Bridge Cables," TRB Paper 990893, Pure Technologies Ltd., Pure Technologies, Inc., Calgary, Canada.
PCI Committee on Post-Tensioning, "Recommended Practice for Grouting of Post-Tensioned Prestressed Concrete," PCI Journal, V. 17, No. 6, November-December 1972, pp. 18-25.
Perenchio, W.F., Fraczek, J., and Pfeifer, D.W., "Corrosion Protection of Prestressing Systems in Concrete Bridges," NCHRP Report 313, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., February 1989.
"Performance of Grouts for Post-Tensioned Bridge Structures," Publication No. FHWA-RD-92-095, Federal Highway Administration Research and Development, U.S. Department of Transportation, McLean, Virginia, December 1993.
PES IP-DUCT System. (Brochure) PE Specialisten, Eschborn, Germany.
Podolny, W., Jr., "Corrosion of Prestressing Steels and Its Mitigation," PCI Journal, V.37, No. 5, September-October 1992, pp.34-55.
Podolny, W. Jr., Cox, W.R., Hooks, J.M., et al. "Performance of Concrete Segmental and Cable-Stayed Bridges in Europe," Report No. FHWA-PL-01-019, Office of International Programs, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, May 2001.
Poston, R.W., and Wouters, J.P., "Durability of Precast Segmental Bridges," Final Report, NCHRP Web Document 15, Project 20-7/Task 92, Whitlock, Dalrymple, Poston, and Associates, Inc., Manassas, Virginia, June 1998.
PTI: Post-Tensioning Institute, 8601 North Black Canyon Highway, Suite 103, Phoenix, AZ 85021, Phone: 602-870-7540, Fax: 602-870-7541, http://www.post-tensioning.org/
PTI Publication: "Acceptance Standards for Post-Tensioning Systems," Post-Tensioning Institute, Fourth Edition, September, 1988.
PTI Publication: "Anchorage Zone Design," Post-Tensioning Institute, First Edition, October, 2000.
PTI Publication: "Guide Specification for Grouting of Post-Tensioned Structures," Post-Tensioning Institute, First Edition, February, 2001.
PTI Publication: "Post-Tensioning Manual," Fifth Edition, November, 1990.
PTI Publication: "Recommendations for Stay-Cable Design, Testing and Installation," Post-Tensioning Institute, Fourth Edition, March, 2001.
Powers, R. G., "Corrosion Evaluation of Post-Tensioned Tendons on the Niles Channel Bridge," State Materials Office, Florida Department of Transportation, Gainesville, Florida, June 29,1999.
Powers, R.G., Sagues, A.A., and Virmani, Y.P., "Corrosion of Post-Tensioned Tendons in Florida Bridges," Florida Department of Transportation, Tallahassee, Florida, 2001.
"Report on the 1995 Scanning Review of European Bridge Structures," NCHRP Report 381, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 1996.
Rogowsky, D.M., and Marti, P., "Detailing for Post-Tensioning," VSL Report Series 1, VSL International Ltd., Berne, Switzerland, 1991.
Sagues, A., "Acoustic and Electrical Evaluation of Post-Tensioned Tendons of the Niles Channel Bridge. Preliminary Findings," Memorandum to Rod Powers, Asst. State Corrosion Engineer, Florida Department of Transportation, July 17, 1999.
Sagues, A.A., and Kranc, S.C., "Initial development of Methods for Assessing Condition of Post-Tensioned Tendons of Segmental Bridges," Final Report, Contract #BC374, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, May 17, 2000.
Sason, A.S., "Evaluation of Degree of Rusting on Prestressed Concrete Strand," PCI Journal, V.37, No. 3, May-June 1992, pp. 25-30.
Schokker, A.J., Koester, B.D., Breen, J.E., and Kreger,M.E., "Development of High Performance Grouts for Bonded Post-Tensioned Structures," Draft Copy, Research Report No. 1405-2, Center for Transportation Research, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, June 1999.
Schupack, M., "Grouting Tests on Large Post-Tensioning Tendons for Secondary Nuclear Containment Structures," PCI Journal, V. 16, No. 2, March-April 1971, pp.85-97.
Schupack, M., and Suarez, M.G., "Some Recent Corrosion Embrittlement Failures of Prestressing Systems in the United States," PCI Journal, V. 27, No. 2, March-April 1982, pp.38-55.
Shahawy, M., "Cracking Investigation of the Acosta Bridge," Florida Department of Transportation Report, Florida Department of Transportation, Tallahassee, Florida, February 2001.
Shaw, P. Pedersen, T.K., and Serluppens, R., "High Energy Radiography Combined with the Agfa Strukturix DPS-Imaging System and Comparison with Other NDE-Method for Inspection of Thick Reinforced Concrete Structures," NDT.net - August 2000, V.5 No. 08, Broendby, Denmark, March 2, 2001, http://www.ndt.net/article/v05n08/shaw/shaw.htm
Smith, J.L., and Virmani, Y.P., "Materials and Methods for Corrosion Control of Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete Structures in New Construction," Publication No. FHWA-RD-00-81, Federal Highway Administration Research, Development, and Technology, U.S. Department of Transportation, McLean, Virginia, June 2000.
Smith, L.J. and Wood, R., "Grouting of External Tendons-A Practical Perspective," Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Structures and Buildings,146, Issue 1, February 2001, pp. 93-100.
Stain, R.T., and Dixon, S., "Inspection of Cables in Post-Tensioned Bridges," Testconsult Limited, Risley, Warrington, WA3 6QT, August 4, 1999. http://wwwle.btwebworld.com/testconsult/paper5.html.
"Standard Specification for Steel Strand, Uncoated Seven-Wire for Prestressed Concrete," ASTM Designation: A 416-94, 1994.
Vargas, L. M., "Nondestructive Methods for Identification of Voids on Longitudinal Duct Tendons in Segmental Bridges," Beiswenger, Hoch, and Associates, North Miami Beach, Florida, October 1999.
VSL Post-Tensioning Systems. (Brochure) VSL International LTD. Bernstrasse 9, 3421 LYSSACH, Switzerland.
VSL International LTD, "External Post-Tensioning," VSL Report Series, 1992.
VSL International LTD, "Detailing for Post-Tensioning," VSL Report Series, 1991.
VSL, Corporate Headquarters: 7455 New Ridge road, Suite T, Hanover, MD 21076, 410-850-7000, Fax: 410-850-4111: http://www.vsl.net/
Weaver, R.E., and Freeman, R.J., "Investigation of Field Prestress Grouting Procedures," Interim Report, M & R No. 635117-1, FHWA No. D03-12, State of California Business and Transportation Agency, Department of Public Works, Division of Highways, November1971.
Weaver, R.E., McCormick, J.L., Watkins, R.L., and Freeman, R.J., "Laboratory Investigation of Grout for Prestressed, Post-Tensioned Structures," Interim Report, M & R No. 635117-2, FHWA No. D03-12, State of California Business and Transportation Agency, Department of Public Works, Division of Highways, November 1971.
Williams Form Engineering Corporation, Main Office: 280 Ann Street, Grand Rapids, MI 49504, 616-365-9220, Fax: 616-365-2668, http://www.williamsform.com/
Yazdani, N., "Epoxy Jointing of Concrete Segments," WP Item No. 0510736, Florida
A & M University - Florida State University College of Engineering, Tallahassee, Florida, July 1997.
