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Publication No. FHWA-CFL/TD-13-002
January 2013
Central Federal Lands Highway Division
12300
W. Dakota Ave.
Lakewood, CO 80228
The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) encourages programs that protect both the environment and the life of the roadway. Fugitive dust from unpaved roads threatens air, soil and water quality and roadside flora and fauna. This loss of material cause road surface deterioration , increases maintenance cost, and adds to the complexity of managing a network of unpaved roads.
This FHWA report called Unpaved Road Chemical Treatments, State of the Practice Survey provides insights into how road managers at various levels of municipal, county, state, federal and tribal government, private industry and academic institutions approach unpaved road management regarding the use of chemical treatments.
Michael Davies, P.E., Director of Project Delivery
Federal Highway Administration
Central Federal Lands Highway Division
This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The U.S. Government assumes no liability for the use of the information contained in this document. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation.
The U.S. Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trademarks or manufacturers' names appear in this report only because they are considered essential to the objective of the document.
The FHWA provides high-quality information to serve Government, industry, and the public in a manner that promotes public understanding. Standards and policies are used to ensure and maximize the quality, objectivity, utility, and integrity of its information. The FHWA periodically reviews quality issues and adjusts its programs and processes to ensure continuous quality improvement.
1. Report No. FHWA-CFL/TD-13-002 |
2. Government Accession No. | 3. Recipient's Catalog No. | ||||
4. Title and Subtitle Unpaved Road Chemical Treatments State of the Practice Survey |
5. Report Date January 2013 |
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6. Performing Organization Code |
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7. Author(s) Angela Kociolek |
8. Performing Organization Report No. | |||||
9. Performing Organization Name and Address Western Transportation Institute P.O. Box 174250 Bozeman, MT 59717-4250 |
10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) | |||||
11. Contract or Grant No. DTFH68-09-E-00099 |
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12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address Federal Highway Administration Central Federal Lands Highway Division 12300 W. Dakota Ave. Lakewood, CO 80228 |
13. Type of Report and Period Covered Final Report, December 2009 - February 2010 |
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14. Sponsoring Agency Code HFTS-16.4 |
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15. Supplementary Notes COTR: Roger Surdahl, FHWA-CFLHD. This project was funded under the FHWA Federal Lands Highway Coordinated Technology Implementation Program (CTIP). |
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16. Abstract This report documents survey results regarding the state of the practice of using chemical treatments on unpaved roads. It provides insights into road manager choices and challenges and is useful supplementary reading to the accompanying Unpaved Road Dust Management, A Successful Practitioner's Handbook by Jones et al. (2013). Roughly 80% of the survey respondents used chemical treatments for six or more years. Ninety eight percent (98%) of those indicated it was to control (fugitive road) dust, in part, to comply with federal regulations, for human and livestock health, in response to public complaints, or as a courtesy to the public. Other top reasons were to reduce maintenance costs and extend grader maintenance intervals. The most common treatment method was spray-on surface application with the top three chemical treatments being magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, and lignin sulfonate, respectively. |
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17. Key Words FUGITIVE ROAD DUST, DUST CONTROL, CHEMICAL TREATMENT(S), UNPAVED, GRAVEL, UNSEALED ROADS, PALLIATIVES, STABILIZATION, UNPAVED ROAD MANAGEMENT |
18. Distribution Statement No restriction. This document is available to the public from the sponsoring agency at the website https://flh.fhwa.dot.gov/. |
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19. Security Classif. (of this report) Unclassified |
20. Security Classif. (of this page) Unclassified |
21. No. of Pages 58 |
22. Price |
Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72) Reproduction of completed page authorized
APPROXIMATE CONVERSIONS TO SI UNITS | ||
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Symbol | When You Know Multiply By To Find | Symbol |
LENGTH | ||
in | inches 25.4 Millimeters | mm |
ft | feet 0.305 Meters | m |
yd | yards 0.914 Meters | m |
mi | miles 1.61 Kilometers | Km |
AREA | ||
in2 | square inches 645.2 Square millimeters | mm2 |
ft2 | square feet 0.093 Square meters | m2 |
yd2 | square yard 0.836 Square meters | m2 |
ac | acres 0.405 Hectares | ha |
mi2 | square miles 2.59 Square kilometers | km2 |
VOLUME | ||
fl oz | fluid ounces 29.57 Milliliters | mL |
gal | gallons 3.785 Liters | L |
ft3 | cubic feet 0.028 cubic meters | m3 |
yd3 | cubic yards 0.765 cubic meters | m3 |
NOTE: volumes greater than 1000 L shall be shown in m3 | ||
MASS | ||
oz | ounces 28.35 Grams | g |
lb | pounds 0.454 Kilograms | kg |
T | short tons (2000 lb) 0.907 megagrams (or "metric ton") | Mg (or "t") |
TEMPERATURE (exact degrees) | ||
°F | Fahrenheit 5 (F-32)/9 Celsius or (F-32)/1.8 | °C |
ILLUMINATION | ||
fc | foot-candles 10.76 Lux | lx |
fl | foot-Lamberts 3.426 candela/m2 | cd/m2 |
FORCE and PRESSURE or STRESS | ||
lbf | poundforce 4.45 Newtons | N |
lbf/in2 | poundforce per square inch 6.89 Kilopascals | kPa |
APPROXIMATE CONVERSIONS FROM SI UNITS | ||
Symbol | When You Know Multiply By To Find | Symbol |
LENGTH | ||
mm | millimeters 0.039 Inches | in |
m | meters 3.28 Feet | ft |
m | meters 1.09 Yards | yd |
km | kilometers 0.621 Miles | mi |
AREA | ||
mm2 | square millimeters 0.0016 square inches | in2 |
m2 | square meters 10.764 square feet | ft2 |
m2 | square meters 1.195 square yards | yd2 |
ha | Hectares 2.47 Acres | ac |
km2 | square kilometers 0.386 square miles | mi2 |
VOLUME | ||
mL | Milliliters 0.034 fluid ounces | fl oz |
L | liters 0.264 Gallons | gal |
m3 | cubic meters 35.314 cubic feet | ft3 |
m3 | cubic meters 1.307 cubic yards | yd3 |
MASS | ||
g | grams 0.035 Ounces | oz |
kg | kilograms 2.202 Pounds | lb |
Mg (or "t") | megagrams (or "metric ton") 1.103 short tons (2000 lb) | T |
TEMPERATURE (exact degrees) | ||
°C | Celsius 1.8C+32 Fahrenheit | °F |
ILLUMINATION | ||
lx | lux 0.0929 foot-candles | fc |
cd/m2 | candela/m2 0.2919 foot-Lamberts | fl |
FORCE and PRESSURE or STRESS | ||
N | newtons 0.225 Poundforce | lbf |
kPa | kilopascals 0.145 poundforce per square inch | lbf/in2 |
*SI is the symbol for the International System of Units. Appropriate rounding should be made to comply with Section 4 of ASTM E380 (Revised March 2003)
The author wishes to thank Roger Surdahl of the FHWA-CFLHD for the sponsorship and leadership.
For their help in promoting the survey, the author thanks Tina Barbaccia of Better Roads Magazine, Michele Beck of the Montana Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP), Lorie Cover of the Idaho Technology Transfer (T2) Center, Mike Fitch of the Ohio Department of Transportation, Anthony Giancola of the National Association of County Engineers, John Kiefer of Michigan LTAP, Terry McNinch of Michigan LTAP, Russell Merle Jr. of the Clark County Department of Air Quality & Environmental Management, David Page of the Florida T2 Center, Carrie Plasters of EnviroTech Services, Dan Ratermann of the Missouri Association of County Transportation Officials, Bob Raths of the Association of Oregon Counties, Richard Rolland of the Tribal Technical Assistance Program, Mike Long, Chairman of the Transportation Research Board's Low-Volume Roads Committee, and others who may have regretfully been missed. The author is also very grateful to everyone who took the time to participate in the survey.
Finally, thanks to the staff at the Western Transportation Institute for their administrative support.