Long-Term Pavement Performance Computed Parameter: Frost Penetration

1 inch = 25.4 mm

32 °F = 0 °C (Deduct 32, then multiply by 5, then divide by 9).

Note:   For soil layers, The Fredlund Soil Water Characteristic Curve model is used to relate soil suction to water content. Fredlund parameters a_f and h_r have units of psi. Parameters of b_f and c_f are unitless. Parameter a_f is a measure of air entry, the soil suction at which the soil becomes less than 100-percent saturated. Parameters b_f and c_f determine the rate of change of moisture content versus suction as it transitions from saturated to unsaturated (no free water). h_r defines the slope of the curve after free water is removed.