U.S. Department of Transportation
Federal Highway Administration
1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE
Washington, DC 20590
202-366-4000

Skip to content
Facebook iconYouTube iconTwitter iconFlickr iconLinkedInInstagram

Federal Highway Administration Research and Technology
Coordinating, Developing, and Delivering Highway Transportation Innovations

Report
This report is an archived publication and may contain dated technical, contact, and link information
Publication Number: FHWA-HRT-05-072
Date: July 2006

Assessing Stream Channel Stability At Bridges in Physiographic Regions

REFERENCES

  1. Johnson, P.A., Gleason, G., and Hey, R.D. (1999). "Rapid assessment of channel stability in the vicinity of a road crossing." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 125(6), 645-652.
  2. Thorne, C.R. (1998). Stream Reconnaissance Handbook: Geomorphological Investigation and Analysis of River Channels. John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester, England.
  3. Lagasse, P.F., Schall, J.D., Johnson, F., Richardson, E.V., Richardson, J.R., and Chang, F. (2001). Stream Stability at Highway Structures, Second Edition. U.S. Department of Transportation, Report No. FHWA-IP-90-014, HEC-20-ED-2, FHWA, Washington, DC.
  4. Richardson, E.V. and Davis, S.R. (2001). Evaluating Scour at Bridges, Fourth Edition. U.S. Department of Transportation, HEC-18, FHWA-IP-90-017. 132 pp.
  5. Pfankuch, D.J. (1978). Stream Reach Inventory and Channel Stability Evaluation. Unpublished Report, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Region, 25 pp.
  6. Simon, A. and Downs, P.W. (1995). "An interdisciplinary approach to evaluation of potential instability in alluvial channels." Geomorphology, 12, 215-232.
  7. Thorne, C.R., Allen, R.G., and Simon, A. (1996). "Geomorphological river channel reconnaissance for river analysis, engineering, and management." Transactions of the Institute of British Geographer, NS 21, 469-483.
  8. Montgomery, D.R. and Buffington, J.M. (1993). Channel Classification, Prediction of Channel Response, and Assessment of Channel Condition. Washington State Department of Natural Resources Report TFW-SH10-93-002, Olympia, WA.
  9. Montgomery, D.R. and Buffington, J.M. (1997). "Channel-Reach Morphology in Mountain Drainage Basins." Geological Society of America Bulletin, 109:596-611.
  10. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (1994). Engineering and Design: Channel Stability Assessment for Flood Control Projects. Engineer Manual No. 1110-2-1418, CECW-EH-D, Department of the Army, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Washington, DC.
  11. Brookes, A. (1987). "River channel adjustments downstream from channelization works in England and Wales." Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 12, 337-351.
  12. Johnson, P.A. and Heil, T.M. (1996). "Uncertainty in estimating bankfull conditions." Water Resources Bulletin, 32(6), 1283-1292.
  13. Chorley, R.J. and Kennedy, B.A. (1971). Physical Geography: A Systems Approach. Prentice-Hall, London, UK.
  14. Richards, K. (1987). River Channels: Environment and Process. Institute of British Geographers, Special Publications Series, 17, Oxford, UK.
  15. Knox, J.C. (1976). "Concept of the graded stream." In Theories of Landform Development, Sixth Annual Geomorphology Symposia Series. State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, 169-198.
  16. Ritter, D.F. (1987). "Fluvial processes in the mountains and intermontane basins." In Geomorphic Systems of North America (W.L. Graf, Ed.) Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, 220-228.
  17. Lane, E.W. (1955). "The importance of fluvial geomorphology in hydraulic engineering." Proc. ASCE, 81, Paper 745, 1-17.
  18. Hey, R.D. (1982). "Gravel-bed rivers: process and form." In Hey, R.D., Bathurst, J.C., and Thorne, C.R. (Eds.). Gravel-Bed Rivers. Wiley & Sons, Chichester, England, 5-13.
  19. Richards, K.S. and Lane, S.N. (1997). "Prediction of morphological changes in unstable channels." In Thorne, C.R., Hey, R.D., and Newson, M.D. (Eds.). Applied Fluvial Geomorphology for River Engineering and Management. Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, Chapter 10.
  20. Montgomery, D.R. and MacDonald, L.H. (2002). "Diagnostic approach to stream channel assessment and monitoring." Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 38(1), 1-16.
  21. Ruhe, R.V. (1970). "Stream regimen and man's manipulation." In Coates, D.R., Ed., Environmental Geomorphology-Annual Geomorphology Symposia, October 1970, Proceedings, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, 9-23.
  22. Emerson, J.W. (1971). "Channelization, a case study." Science, 173, 325-326.
  23. Wilson, D.V. (1979). "Changes in channel characteristics, 1938-1974, of the Homochitto River and tributaries, Mississippi." U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 79-554, 18 pp.
  24. Simon, A. (1989). "A model of channel response in disturbed alluvial channels." Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 14, 11-26.
  25. Simon, A. (1992). "Energy, time, and channel evolution in catastrophically disturbed fluvial systems." In J.D. Phillips and W.H. Renwick (Eds.) Geomorphic Systems. Journal of Geomorphology, 5, 345-372.
  26. Heil, T. and Johnson, P.A. (1996). "Assessment and implications of local channel instability on the prediction of bridge scour." Proceedings of the North American Water and Environment Congress 1996, ASCE, Anaheim, CA.
  27. Johnson, P.A. and Simon, A. (1997). "Reliability of bridge foundations in modified channels." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE, 123(7), 648-651.
  28. Johnson, P.A., Tereska, R.L., and Brown, E.R. (2002). "Using technical adaptive management to improve design guidelines for urban in-stream structures." Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 38(4), 1143-1152.
  29. Mitchell, P. (1990). The Environmental Condition of Victorian Streams. Department of Water Resources, Victoria, Australia.
  30. Gordon, N.D., McMahon, T.A., and Finlayson, B.L. (1992). Stream Hydrology: An Introduction for Ecologists. Wiley & Sons, New York, NY.
  31. Simon, A. and Hupp, C.R. (1992). "Geomorphic and Vegetative Recovery Processes along Modified Stream Channels of West Tennessee." U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 91-502, Nashville, TN.
  32. Merigliano, M.F. (1997). "Hydraulic geometry and stream channel behavior: An uncertain link." Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 33(6), 1327-1336.
  33. Fripp, J., Burns, M. and Caverly, J. (1998). "Stream stability assessment techniques." Proceedings of the 1998 ASCE Wetlands Engineering River Restoration Conference, Denver, CO.
  34. Myers, T.J. and Swanson, S. (1992). "Variation of stream stability with stream type and livestock bank damage in Northern Nevada." Water Resources Bulletin, 28(4), 743-754.
  35. Myers, T.J and Swanson, S. (1996). "Temporal and geomorphic variations of stream stability and morphology: Mahogany Creek, NV." Water Resources Bulletin, 32(2), 253-265.
  36. Rosgen, D.L. (1994). "A classification of natural rivers." Catena, 22, 169-199.
  37. Rosgen, D.L. (2001). A Stream Channel Stability Assessment Methodology. http://www.wildlandhydrology.com/assets/CHANNEL_STABILITY_.pdf (accessed May 4, 2006).
  38. Copeland, R.R., McComas, D.N., Thorne, C.R., Soar, P.J., Jonas, M.M., and Fripp, J.B. (2001). "Hydraulic Design of Stream Restoration Projects." Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory Report No. ERDC/CHL TR-01-28, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Washington, DC.
  39. Annandale, G.W. (1994). Guidelines for the Hydraulic Design and Maintenance of River Crossings. Volume VI: Risk Analysis of River Crossing Failure. Department of Transport, Report No. TRH 25:1994, Pretoria, Republic of South Africa.
  40. Annandale, G.W. (1999). "Risk analysis of river bridge failure." In Stream Stability and Scour at Highway Bridges. E.V. Richardson and P.F. Lagasse, Eds. ASCE, Reston, VA, 1003-1012.
  41. Schumm, S.A. (1977). Applied Fluvial Geomorphology. Elsevier Publishing, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
  42. Vermont Water Quality Division (2001). Provisional Hydraulic Geometry Curves. Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation, Waterbury, VT, www.vtwaterquality.org/rivers/docs/rv_hydraulicgeocurves.pdf.
  43. Shields, Jr., F.D. (1996). Hydraulic and Hydrologic Stability in River Channel Restoration: Guiding Principles for Sustainable Projects. A. Brookes and F.D. Shields, Jr., Eds. Wiley & Sons, New York, NY.
  44. Harvey, M.D. and Watson, C.C. (1986). "Fluvial processes and morphological thresholds in incised channel restoration." Water Resources Bulletin, 22(3), 359-368.
  45. Thorne, C.R. and Osman, A.M. (1988). "Riverbank stability analysis II: Applications." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 114(2), 151-172.
  46. Lawler, D.M., Thorne, C.R., and Hooke, J.M. (1997). "Bank erosion and instability." In Applied Fluvial Geomorphology for River Engineering and Management. C.R. Thorne, R.D. Hey, and M.D. Newson, Eds. Wiley & Sons, New York, NY.
  47. Lewin, J., Macklin, M.G., and Newson, M.D. (1988). "Regime theory and environmental change-irreconcilable concepts?" In White, W.R. (Ed.), International Conference on River Regime. Wiley & Sons, Chichester, England, 431-445.
  48. Chang, H.H. (1988). Fluvial Processes in River Engineering. Krieger Publishing Company, Melbourne, FL, 432 pp.
  49. Bagnold, R.A. (1966). "An approach to the sediment transport problem from general physics." U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 422-I.
  50. Brookes, A. (1989). Channelized Rivers: Perspectives for Environmental Management. Wiley & Sons, New York, NY.
  51. Wilcock, P.R. (1997). "Entrainment, displacement and transport of tracer gravels." Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 22(12), 1125-1138.
  52. Wilcock, P.R. and Crowe, J.C. (2003). "Surface-based transport model for mixed-size sediment." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 129(2), 120-128.
  53. Parker, G., Klingeman, P.C., and McClean, D.G. (1982). "Bedload and size distribution in paved gravel-bed streams." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE, 108(HY4), 544-571.
  54. Andrews, E.D. (1983). "Entrainment of gravel from naturally sorted riverbed material." Geological Society of America Bulletin, 94, 1225-1231.
  55. Carson, M.A. and Griffiths, G.A. (1987). "Bedload transport in gravel channels." Journal of Hydrology, 26, 1-151.
  56. Osman, A.M. and Thorne, C.R. (1988). "River bank stability analysis I: Theory." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 114(2), 134-150.
  57. Simon, A., Curini, A., Darby, S., and Langendoen, E.J. (1999). "Streambank mechanics and the role of bank and near-bank processes in incised channels." In Incised River Channels (Darby, S., and Simon, A., Eds.), Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, Chapter 6.
  58. ASCE Task Committee on Hydraulics, Bank Mechanics, and Modeling of River Width Adjustment (1998). "River width adjustment I: Processes and mechanisms." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 124(9), 881-902.
  59. Niezgoda, S.L. and Johnson, P.A. (2005). "Improving the urban stream restoration effort: identifying critical form and processes relationships." Environmental Management, 35(5), 579-592.
  60. Brice, J.C. and Blodgett, J.C. (1978). Countermeasures for Hydraulic Problems at Bridges. Volume I. Analysis and Assessment. U.S. Department of Transportation, FHWA, Report No. FHWA-RD-78-162, Washington, DC.
  61. Rosgen, D.L. (1996). Applied River Morphology. Wildland Hydrology, Pagosa Springs, CO.
  62. Fenneman, N.M. and Johnson, D.W. (1946). Physical Division of the United States. U.S. Geological Survey, scale 1:7,000,000. Available at http://tapestry.usgs.gov/physiogr/physio.html.
  63. Thornbury, W. D. (1965). Regional Geomorphology of the United States. Wiley & Sons, New York, NY.
  64. Dietz, R.S. (1952). "Geomorphic evolution of the continental terrace (continental shelf and slope)." American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 36, 1802-1819.
  65. Atwood, W.W. (1940). The Physiographic Provinces of North America. Ginn and Company, New York, NY.
  66. Geological Survey (2003). A Tapestry of Time and Terrain: The Union of Two Maps Geology and Topography. http://tapestry.usgs.gov/physiogr/physio.html.
  67. Graf, W.L. (1987). Geomorphic Systems of North America. Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO.
  68. Mills, H.H., Brakenridge, G.R., Jacobson, R.B., Newell, W.L., Pavich, M.J., and Pomeroy, J.S. (1987). "Appalachian mountains and plateaus." In Geomorphic Systems of North America, Chapter 2. Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO.
  69. Hack, J.T. (1965). Geomorphology of the Shenandoah Valley, Virginia and West Virginia, and Origin of the Residual Ore Deposits. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 484.
  70. Hack, J.T. (1957). Studies of Longitudinal Stream Profiles in Virginia and Maryland. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 294-B, 45-97.
  71. Maryland Department of Natural Resources (2002). Maryland's Nonpoint Source Program Management Plan. Department of Natural Resources, Annapolis, MD (available online at www.dnr.state.md.us/bay/czm/nps/plans/summary.html).
  72. U.S. Geological Survey (2004). "Regionalization of channel geomorphology characteristics for streams in New York State." U.S. Geological Survey, Troy, NY.
  73. Prestegaard, K.L. (2000). Preliminary Assessment of Morphological and Hydrological Characteristics of Piedmont and Coastal Plain Streams in Maryland. Report to Maryland Department of the Environment, Baltimore, MD.
  74. Walker, H.J. and Coleman, J.M. (1987). Coastal Plain, Geomorphic Systems of North America, Chapter 3. Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO.
  75. Sweet, W.V. and Geratz, J.W. (2003). "Bankfull hydraulic geometry relationships and recurrence intervals for North Carolina's Coastal Plain." Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 39(4), 861-871.
  76. Osterkamp, W.R., Fenton, M.M., Gustavson, T.C., Hadley, R.F., Holliday, V.T., Morrison, R.B., Toy, T.J. (1987). "Great Plains." In Geomorphic Systems of North America, Chapter 6. Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO.
  77. Doll, B.A., Wise-Frederick, D.E., Buckner, C.M., Wilkerson, D., Harman, W.A., Smith, R.E., and Spooner, J. (2002). "Hydraulic geometry relationships for urban streams throughout the Piedmont of North Carolina." Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 38(3), 641-652.
  78. McCandless, T.L. and Everett, R.A. (2002). "Bankfull Discharge and Channel Characteristics of Streams in the Piedmont Hydrologic Region." U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Report CBFO-SO2-01.
  79. Castro, J.M. and Jackson, P.L., 2001. "Bankfull discharge recurrence intervals and regional hydraulic geometry relationships." Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 37(5), 1249-1262.
  80. Leopold, L.B. and Maddock, T. (1953). The Hydraulic Geometry of Stream Channels and Some Physiographic Implications. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 252.
  81. Osterkamp, W.R. and Hedman, E.R. (1982). "Perennial-streamflow characteristics related to channel geometry and sediment in Missouri River Basin." U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1242.
  82. Simon, A. and Rinaldi, M. (2000). "Channel instability in the loess area of the midwestern United States." Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 36(1), 133-150.
  83. Madole, R.F., Bradley, W.C., Loewenherz, D.S., Ritter, D.F., Rutter, N.W., and Thorn, C.E. (1987). "Rocky Mountains." In Geomorphic Systems of North America, Chapter 7. Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO.
  84. Dohrenwend, J.C. (1987). "Basin and Range." In Geomorphic Systems of North America, Chapter 9. Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO.
  85. Muhs, D.R., Thorson, R.M., Clague, J.J., Mathews, W.H., McDowell, P.F., Kelsey, H.M. (1987). "Pacific Coast and Mountain System." In Geomorphic Systems of North America, Chapter 13. Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO.
  86. Wilcock, P.R. and Kenworthy, S.T. (2002). "A two-fraction model for the transport of sand/gravel mixtures." Water Resources Research, 38(10), 121-133.

Previous | Contents

Return to top

Privacy Policy | Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) | Accessibility | Web Policies & Notices | No Fear Act | Report Waste, Fraud and Abuse
U.S. DOT Home | USA.gov | WhiteHouse.gov

Federal Highway Administration | 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE | Washington, DC 20590 | 202-366-4000
Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center | 6300 Georgetown Pike | McLean, VA | 22101