Figure II-17

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Figure II-17: Flowchart. Flowchart for identifying infilling materials in cracks and voids. To identify the infilling materials in cracks and voids, answer the following questions and follow the indicated steps using the results of staining techniques using a petrographic microscope and/or SEM analysis.

1.) Are sulfates present?

• If yes, then there could be a possible sulfate attack. Verify the presence/absence of other diagnostic features by proceeding to step 2.
• If no, proceed to step 2.

2.) Are chloro-aluminates or is calcium hydroxide present?

• If yes, then there could be a possible de-icer attack. Verify the presence/absence of other diagnostic features by proceeding to step 3.
• If no, proceed to step 3.

3.) Is calcite or are magnesium silicate hydrates present?

• If yes, then there could be a possible ACR. Verify the presence/absence of other diagnostic features by proceeding to step 4.
• If no, proceed to step 4.

4.) Are alkali-silica reaction products present?

• If yes, then there could be a possible ASR. Verify the presence/absence of other diagnostic features by proceeding to step 5.
• If no, proceed to step 5.

5.) Is iron oxide present?

• If yes, then there could be possible corrosion of embedded steel, ASR, or ACR. Verify the presence/absence of other diagnostic features by proceeding to step 6.
• If no, proceed to step 6.

6.) Are other substances present?

• If yes, then there could possibly be co-deposition of several various phases. Verify the presence/absence of other diagnostic features and establish a cause and effect for each and any possible MRD.
  

For information about corrosion of embedded steel, see table C-1. For sulfate attacks, see table C-4, deicer attack C-5, alkali-silica reactions C-6, and alkali-carbonate reactions C-7.