IHSDM Intersection Diagnostic Review Model
View Table of Contents
by
Carrie E. Kindler, ITT Industries, Advanced Engineering & Sciences
Nicholas D. Antonucci, CH2M Hill
Ingrid B. Potts, Midwest Research Institute
Timothy R. Neuman, CH2M Hill
Richard M. Wood, ITT Industries, Advanced Engineering & Sciences
FOREWORD
This report documents the results of the development of an expert system for intersection safety that is part of the Interactive Highway Safety Design Model (IHSDM). The objective was to develop software to perform a diagnostic review of intersections on rural two-lane highways,
referred to as the Intersection Diagnostic Review Model (IDRM). This report focuses on documenting the knowledge base developed for the IDRM software. It also documents the
software in that it identifies the knowledge structure, problem definitions, models, decision algorithms, formulas, and parameter values implemented in the software.
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Michael F. Trentacoste
Director, Office of Safety
Research and Development |
Notice
This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the
U.S. Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The
U.S. Government assumes no liability for the use of the information contained in this document.
The
U.S. Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trademarks or manufacturers' names appear in this report only because they are considered essential to the objective of the document.
Quality Assurance Statement
The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) provides high-quality information to serve Government, industry, and the public in a manner that promotes public understanding. Standards and policies are used to ensure and maximize the quality, objectivity, utility, and integrity of its information. FHWA periodically reviews quality issues and adjusts its programs and processes to ensure continuous quality improvement.
Technical Report Documentation Page
1. Report No.
FHWA-RD-02-045 |
2. Government Accession No. |
3. Recipient's Catalog No. |
4. Title and Subtitle
IHSDM Intersection Diagnostic Review Model Knowledge Base Report
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5. Report Date |
6. Performing Organization |
7. Author(s)
Carrie E. Kindler, Douglas W. Harwood, Nicholas D. Antonucci, Ingrid B. Potts, Timothy R. Neuman, Richard M. Wood |
8. Performing Organization Report No.
|
9. Performing Organization Name and Address
ITT Industries, Advanced Engineering & Sciences
775 Daedalian Drive
Rome, New York 13441
Subcontractors:
Midwest Research Institute
425 Volker Boulevard
Kansas City, Missouri 64110
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CH2M Hill
Suite 300
8501 West Higgins Road
Chicago, Illinois 60631 |
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10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) |
11. Contract or Grant No.
DTFH61-97-C-00053 |
12. Sponsoring Agency Name
and Address
Office of Safety Research and Development
Federal Highway Administration
6300 Georgetown Pike
McLean, Virginia 22101-2296 |
13. Type of Report and Period Covered
Final Report
September 1997 - February 2002 |
14. Sponsoring Agency Code |
15. Supplementary Notes
Contracting Officer's Technical Representative (COTR): Michael Griffith
and Joe Bared, HRDS |
16. Abstract
This report documents the results of the study, "Development of
an Expert System for the Interactive Highway Safety Design Model (IHSDM)."
The objective was to develop software to perform a diagnostic review
of intersections on rural two-lane highways, referred to as the Intersection
Diagnostic Review Model (IDRM). This report focuses on documenting
the knowledge base developed for the IDRM software. It also documents
the software in that it identifies the knowledge structure, problem
definitions, models, decision algorithms, formulas, and parameter values
implemented in the software.
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17. Key Words
Intersection, IDRM models, treatments, knowledge base, IDRM concerns,
accident history. |
18. Distribution Statement
No restrictions. This document is available to the public through
the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161. |
19. Security Classif. (of this report)
Unclassified |
20. Security Classif. (of this page)
Unclassified
|
21. No. of Pages
188 |
22. Price |
Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72) Reproduction of completed page authorized
SI* (Modern Metric) Conversion Factors
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Role of the Intersection Diagnostic Review Model (IDRM) in the IHSDM
1.2 IDRM Objectives
1.3 The Knowledge Base Development Process
1.4 IDRM as an Expert System
1.5 IDRM Knowledge Base
1.6 Use of IDRM Results
2.0 KNOWLEDGE BASE SCOPE AND APPROACH
2.1 Issues Addressed
2.2 Guiding Principles Used in Knowledge Base Development
2.3 Highway Design Data
2.4 Concerns Identified by IDRM
2.5 Overview of IDRM Models
2.6 Use of IDRM Models to Evaluate Concerns
2.7 Overview of IDRM Treatment Recommendations
3.0 IDRM MODELS
3.1 Intersection Sight Distance for Case B1 – Left Turn From Minor Road
3.2 Intersection Sight Distance for Case B2 – Right Turn From Minor Road
3.3 Intersection Sight Distance for Case B3 – Crossing
Maneuver From Minor Road
3.4 Intersection Sight Distance for Case F – Left Turn From Major Road
3.5 Stopping Sight Distance for Vertical Curves
3.6 Stopping Sight Distance for Horizontal Curves
3.7 Visibility Distance to Traffic Signal
3.8 Visibility Distance to Stop Sign
3.9 Visibility Distance to Yield Sign
3.10 Decision Sight Distance for Vertical Curves
3.11 Decision Sight Distance for Horizontal Curves
3.12 Clearance Time for Skewed Intersection
3.13 Left-Turn Lane Warrants
3.14 Right-Turn Lane Warrants
3.15 Left-Turn Lane Length for Closely Spaced Intersections
3.16 Intersection Conflict Index
3.17 Minor-Road Profile
3.18 Intersection Pavement Area
3.19 Change in Approach Alignment Between Opposing Approaches
3.20 Queue Length Prediction
3.21 Horizontal Curve Design for Braking and Cornering
4.0 IDRM CONCERNS
4.1 Insufficient Intersection Sight Distance
4.2 Insufficient Intersection Sight Distance for Intersection
on a Horizontal Curve
4.3 Insufficient Intersection Sight Distance for a Horizontal
Curve on an Intersection Approach
4.4 Insufficient Intersection Sight Distance for Intersection
on Approaches to Crest Vertical Curve
4.5 Insufficient Intersection Sight Distance for Multileg
Intersection
4.6 Insufficient Intersection Sight Distance for Intersections
With More Than One Minor-Road Approach on the Same Side of the Major Road
4.7 Insufficient Intersection Sight Distance for Skewed
Intersections
4.8 Insufficient Stopping Sight Distance for a Crest
Vertical Curve on an Intersection Approach
4.9 Insufficient Stopping Sight Distance for a Horizontal
Curve on an Intersection Approach
4.10 Insufficient Visibility of Traffic Signal
4.11 Insufficient Visibility of Stop Sign
4.12 Insufficient Visibility of Yield Sign
4.13 Insufficient Decision Sight Distance for a Crest
Vertical Curve on an Intersection Approach
4.14 Insufficient Decision Sight Distance for a Horizontal
Curve on an Intersection Approach
4.15 Insufficient Decision Sight Distance for Multileg
Intersection
4.16 Insufficient Decision Sight Distance for Intersections
With More Than One Minor-Road Approach on the Same Side of the Major Road
4.17 Increased Crossing Distance
4.18 Warranted Left-Turn Lane Is Not Present
4.19 Warranted Right-Turn Lane Is Not Present
4.20 Insufficient Left-Turn Bay Storage and Deceleration
Length Between Closely Spaced Intersections
4.21 Insufficient Taper Length for Left-Turn Lanes Between Closely Spaced Intersections
4.22 High Traffic Conflict Index
4.23 Uneven, Discontinuous Minor-Road Profile Through
Intersection
4.24 Large Intersection Pavement Area
4.25 Approach Alignment Differs Between Opposing Approaches
4.26 Insufficient Queue Storage
4.27 Loss of Control Potential Due to Frequent Braking
5.0 USE OF ACCIDENT HISTORY DATA TO HIGHLIGHT PARTICULAR
INTERSECTION-LEG CONCERNS
5.1 Role of Site-Specific Accident History Data in IDRM
5.2 Conceptual Approach to Use of Site-Specific Accident History Data in IDRM
5.3 Identification of Patterns of Specific Collision Types
5.4 Algorithm for Use in IDRM
5.5 Use of Table 25 to Identify Accident Patterns of Interest
5.6 Summary
6.0 IDRM TREATMENT RECOMMENDATIONS
APPENDIX A – IDRM TREATMENT DETAILS
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. IHSDM Functional Overview
Figure 2. Departure Sight Triangles for ISD Cases B1, B2, and B3
Figure 3. Regions of the Sight Triangle for Which Users Will Be Queried About the Presence of Roadside Sight Obstructions
Figure 4. Visibility Distance to Traffic Signal
Figure 5. Skewed Intersection
Figure 6. Minimum Distance Between Closely Spaced Intersections
Figure 7. Area of Skewed Intersections for Two-Lane Rural
Intersections
Figure 8. Estimate of Left-Turn Vehicles Queued
Figure 9. Intersection Profile Case A
Figure 10. Intersection Profile Case B
Figure 11. Intersection Profile Case C
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. IDRM Advisory Panel Participants
Table 2. Priority Issues Identified for Knowledge Base Development
Table 3. IDRM Concerns
Table 4. IDRM Models
Table 5. Application of IDRM Models to Evaluate Concerns
Table 6. Values of Dt for Various Intersection Scenarios
Table 7. Minimum Sight Distance on Approach to Traffic Signal
Table 8. Minimum Sight Distance on Approach to Stop Signs
Table 9. Minimum Sight Distance on Approach to Yield Signs
Table 10. Decision Sight Distance (Table III-3 in 1994 Green Book)
Table 11. Skewed Unsignalized Intersection – Additional Clearance Seconds (With Median/Turn Bay on Major Approaches)
Table 12. Skewed Unsignalized Intersection – Additional Clearance Seconds (Without Median/Turn Bay on Major Approaches)
Table 13. Skewed Signalized Intersection – Additional Clearance Seconds (With Median/Turn Bay on Major Approaches)
Table 14. Skewed Signalized Intersection – Additional Clearance Seconds (Without Median/Turn Bay on Major Approaches)
Table 15. Volume Warrants for Left-Turn Lanes
Table 16. Threshold Volumes for Right-Turn Lane
Table 17. Required Deceleration Lengths
Table 18. Weights for Use in Computing the Intersection
Conflict Index
Table 19. Design Controls on Difference Between Major - and Minor - Road Slopes
Table 20. Tentative Threshold Values and Types of Safety Advisory Messages for Evaluation of ISD
Table 21. Tentative Threshold Values and Types of Safety Advisory Messages for Evaluation of SSD
Table 22. Tentative Threshold Values and Types of Safety Advisory Messages for Evaluation of Visibility to Traffic Signals
Table 23. Tentative Threshold Values and Types of Safety Advisory Messages for Evaluation of Visibility to Stop Signs
Table 24. Tentative Threshold Values and Types of Safety Advisory Messages for Evaluation of Visibility to Yield Signs
Table 25. Accident Patterns for Increased Emphasis on Particular Intersection-Leg Concerns at Four-Leg Intersections
Table 26. List of Treatments (Design Improvements and Mitigation Measures) for Intersection Concerns
Table 27. List of Treatments (Design Improvements and Mitigation Measures) for Intersection-Leg Concerns
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