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Publication Number:  FHWA-HRT-16-008    Date:  May 2016
Publication Number: FHWA-HRT-16-008
Date: May 2016

 

Dimensional Stability of Grout-Type Materials Used As Connections for Prefabricated Bridge Elements

APPENDIX A. Manufacturer Reported Grout Performance information

Table 10 through table 13 summarize some of the material properties specified by the corresponding manufacturers. The properties shown were selected based on the relevance to this research study (e.g., dimensional stability, compressive strength, etc.).

Table 10. Cement-based grouts.
Grout Nomenclature G1 G2 G3 G4
Grout Description Non-shrink, air entrained, non-metallic Non-shrink, metallic Non-shrink, air entrained, non-metallic Non-shrink, air entrained, non-metallic
Dimensional Stability in Terms of Height Change (Percent) Early Height Change(39) 0.0 to 4.0 a 0.68 0.0 to 4.0
Hardened Height Change(40) 0.0 to 0.3 0.0 to 0.08 0.0 to 0.06 0.0 to 0.3
Dimensional Stability in Terms of Length Change (Percent)(2) 28 d a a a a
Compressive Strength, psi (MPa)(36) Consistencyb Min water Max water Plasticc Flowablec Fluidc Plasticd Flowabled Min water Max water
1 d 4,000 (27.6) 2,500 (17.3) 5,000 (34.5) 5,000 (34.5) 4,000 (27.6) 4,400 (30.3) 2,400 (16.5) 5,800 (27.6) 3,500 (24.2)
3 d 5,500 (38.0) 3,500 (24.1) 7,000 (48.3) 6,000 (41.4) 5,000 (34.5) a a 7,500 (51.7) 6,000 (41.4)
7 d 6,500 (44.8) 5,000 (34.5) 9,000 (62.1) 8,000 (55.2) 7,000 (48.3) 7,800 (53.8) 6,400 (44.1) 8,000 (55.2) 6,500 (44.8)
28 d 8,000 (55.2) 6,500 (44.8) 11,000 (75.8) 10,000 (68.9) 9,000 (62.1) 9,000 (62.1) 7,600 (52.4) 10,000 (68.9) 8,000 (55.2)

aNot reported.

bStrength will vary based on amount of water used to mix the pre-blended dry components (i.e., consistency).

cConsistency nomenclature based on ASTM C1107.(1)

dConsistency nomenclature based on New York State Department of Transportation 701-05 and 701-06.(48,49)

Table 11. Repair materials.
Grout Nomenclature G5 F1a M1b M2
Grout Description Cement-based Fly ash-based Magnesium phosphate-based Magnesium phosphate-based
Dimensional Stability in Terms of Height Change (Percent) Early Height Change(39) c c c c
Hardened Height Change(40) c c c c
Dimensional Stability in Terms of Length Change (Percent)(2) 28 d c < 0.020 (dry) c -0.0085 (soak) -0.0595 (dry)
Compressive Strength, psi (MPa)(36) 1 h 3,300 (22.8) c c c
2 h c > 2,500 (> 17.2) c > 2,500 (> 17.2)
3 h 4,800 (33.1) c 3,000 (20.7) > 3,500 (> 24.1)
6 h c c 5,000 (34.5) c
1 d 6,500 (44.8) > 5,000 (> 34.5) 6,000 (41.4) > 4,000 (> 27.6)
3 d c c 7,000 (48.3) c
7 d c > 6,000 (> 41.4) c > 5,000 (> 34.5)
28 d 9,500 (65.5) > 7,000 (> 48.3) 8,500 (58.6) > 6,000 (> 41.4)

aStrength measured using 4-inch (101.6-mm)-diameter by 8-inch (203.2-mm)-height cylinders.(50)

bStrength measured at a temperature of 95 °F (35 °C).

cNot reported.

Table 12. Epoxy-based grouts.
Grout Nomenclature E1 E2
Grout Description Three-component, expansive, non-shrink Three-component, expansive, non-shrink
Dimensional Stability in Terms of Height Change (Percent) Early Height Change(39) Positive expansion Positive expansion
Hardened Height Change(40) a a
Dimensional Stability in Terms of Length Change (Percent)(2) 28 d a a
Compressive Strength, psi (MPa)(51) Consistency Standard High flow Standard High flow
16 h 11,000 (75.8) 10,000
(68.9)		 a a
1 d 15,000 (103.4) 14,000
(96.5)		 11,000 (75.8) 9,000
(62.1)
7 d 16,500 (113.8) 16,000 (110.3) 14,000 (96.5) 13,000 (89.6)
Post-cured at 140 °F (60 °C) 17,500 (120.7) 17,000 (117.2) 15,500 (106.9) 14,500 (100.0)

aNot reported.

Table 13. Ultra-high performance concrete.
Grout Nomenclature U3
Grout Description Cementitious-based, steel fiber-reinforced
Dimensional Stability in Terms of Height Change (Percent) Early Height Change(39) a
Hardened Height Change(40) a
Dimensional Stability in Terms of Length Change (Percent)(2) 28 d a
Compressive Strength, ksi (MPa)(50)b Temperature,
°F (°C)		 50 (10) 73 (23) 105 (41)
12 h 0.5 2.0 13.0
1 d 2.5 13.0 18.5
3 d 13.0 17.0 20.5
7 d 16.5 18.0 22.0
14 d 18.0 21.5 23.0

aNot reported.

bStrength measured using 3-inch (76-mm)-diameter by 6-inch (152-mm)-height cylinders at a loading rate of 150 psi/s (1.0 MPa/s).(50)

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Daniel Balcha for his technical assistance, Dr. Jose Munoz for collecting SEM images, and Dr. Mengesha Beyene for his assistance in the petrographic analysis. Special thanks go to Dale Bentz for all his valuable comments. The research that is the subject of this document was funded by FHWA. This support is gratefully acknowledged.

References

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[1]These grouts are a representative sample of the types of grouts available on the open market. They cover much of the spectrum of available types of grouts. As such, other available grouts could have been selected for this study. FHWA does not endorse any product, service, or enterprise.

[2]Bulk unit cost of the LWA used in this study is approximately $60/T.

 

 

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