1. |
Data Collected |
|
| 1.1 |
Description and location of abrasion damage on concrete bridge elements. |
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|
2. |
Onsite Equipment and Personnel Requirements |
|
| 2.1 |
Equipment: |
|
| 2.1.1 |
PRE-PL-LO-004, Personal Health and Safety Plan. |
|
| 2.1.2 |
Ladder, access platform, snooper, bucket truck, man lift, and/or high-reach equipment (if necessary). |
|
| 2.1.3 |
Waders or a boat (if necessary). |
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| 2.1.4 |
Sounding hammer. |
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| 2.1.5 |
Wire brush or hand broom. |
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| 2.1.6 |
Tape measure. |
|
| 2.1.7 |
6-ft folding rule. |
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| 2.1.8 |
Measuring wheel. |
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| 2.1.9 |
Laser measuring device (optional). |
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| 2.1.10 |
Slide caliper. |
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| 2.1.11 |
Temporary marker. |
|
| 2.1.12 |
Digital camera. |
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| 2.1.13 |
Pencil, sketch pad, and clipboard. |
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| 2.2 |
Personnel: PRE-PL-LO-005, Personnel Qualifications. |
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3. |
Methodology |
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| 3.1 |
Use the data collection grid (FLD-OP-SC-001, Data Collection Grid and Coordinate System for Bridge Decks) to locate defects on the deck. |
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| 3.2 |
Use the segmentation and numbering system (FLD-OP-SC-002, Structure Segmentation and Element Identification System) to locate and document defects by the unique element identifier. |
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| 3.3 |
Use FLD-OP-SC-003, Determination of Local Origins for Elements, to establish a local origin on each element of the superstructure and substructure. Establish the two relevant coordinate axes for each face of each element being evaluated. |
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| 3.4 |
Cleaning: Use the wire brush or hand broom to clean the concrete element by brushing away any debris so any defects are visible. |
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| 3.5 |
Measuring, recording, and evaluating characteristics of abraded areas of the concrete |
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| 3.5.1 |
Mark the limits of each abraded area on the element with a temporary marker, and mark the corners of a rectangle that encompasses the maximum length and maximum width of the area of the abraded area. |
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| 3.5.2 |
Measure and record the dimensions of each abraded area at its maximum length and width. |
|
| 3.5.2.1 |
If the abraded area is on the deck, determine and record the coordinates of the four corners of the rectangle using x-, y-, and z-coordinates from the rectangular grid system created using FLD‑OP‑SC‑001, Data Collection Grid and Coordinate System for Bridge Decks.
|
| 3.5.2.2 |
For each abraded area on other concrete elements, document which superstructure or substructure element and on what area of the element the sulfate attack is located. Using the element local origin as point (0,0,0), determine and record the coordinates of the four corners of the rectangle.
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| 3.5.3 |
For each instance of exposed steel reinforcement and/or tendons or strands: |
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| 3.5.3.1 |
Record the type and unique element identifier of the superstructure element where the steel reinforcement and/or tendons or strands are exposed.
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| 3.5.3.2 |
Mark the length of the exposed steel reinforcement and tendons or strands with a temporary marker and photograph the damage.
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| 3.5.3.3 |
Measure the length of the exposed steel reinforcement and/or tendons or strands.
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| 3.5.4 |
Document the location of exposed steel reinforcement and/or tendons or strands by determining and recording the coordinates of the beginning and the end of the affected portion of the element. |
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| 3.5.5 |
Clean with a wire brush, and measure and record the amount of section loss in the exposed steel reinforcement and/or tendons or strands (if applicable). If necessary, the original cross-section can be obtained from the existing documentation for the bridge (PRE-ED-BD-001, Plans and Specifications for Bridge Design and Construction). |
|
| 3.6 |
Documenting defects: |
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| 3.6.1 |
Take photographs of defects using FLD-DC-PH-002, Photographing for Documentation Purposes, and create a photo log. |
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| 3.6.2 |
Use sketches as needed to document abrasion and supplement the photographs. |
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| 3.7 |
Storing data, documents, and images: |
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| 3.7.1 |
FLD-DS-LS-001, Data, Document, and Image Storage—Local, for local storage. |
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| 3.7.2 |
FLD-DS-RS-001, Data, Document, and Image Storage—Remote, for remote storage. |
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| 3.8 |
Reporting: Transfer all metadata, data, documents, and images to Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), and/or upload all metadata, data, documents, and images into the Long-Term Bridge Performance (LTBP) Bridge Portal. |
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4. |
Data Collection Table |
|
| 4.1 |
Table: |
|
| # |
Field Name |
Data Type |
Accuracy |
Unit |
Field Description |
Row Color |
| 1 |
State |
Text |
|
|
State Code; e.g., Virginia = VA |
Green |
| 2 |
NBI structure number |
Text |
|
|
Item 8, structure number; from NBI Coding Guide |
Green |
| 3 |
Structure name |
Text |
|
|
Descriptive name for the bridge; e.g., Route 15 SB over I–66 |
Green |
| 4 |
Protocol name |
Text |
|
|
Title of the protocol |
Green |
| 5 |
Protocol version |
Text |
Month and year |
|
Month and year the protocol version was published; e.g., May 2015 |
Green |
| 6 |
Personnel performing data collection activities |
Text |
|
|
First name(s) Last name(s) |
Green |
| 7 |
Date data were collected |
Text |
Exact date |
|
mm/dd/yyyy |
Green |
| For Abraded Areas on the Deck |
Pink |
| 8 |
Location of defect: span number |
Text |
|
|
Example: Span 1; evaluate each span individually and record data on each individual defect |
Blue |
| 9 |
Location of defect on the deck |
Text |
|
|
Describe the location of defect on the deck e.g., lane number, right or left shoulder |
Yellow |
| 10 |
Location of corner 1 |
Number |
1 |
in. |
(x,y) coordinates of the four corners of a rectangle encompassing the deteriorated area |
Yellow |
| 11 |
Location of corner 2 |
Number |
1 |
in. |
Yellow |
| 12 |
Location of corner 3 |
Number |
1 |
in. |
Yellow |
| 13 |
Location of corner 4 |
Number |
1 |
in. |
Yellow |
| 14 |
Maximum length defect |
Number |
1 |
in. |
Measured parallel to the x-axis |
Yellow |
| 15 |
Maximum width of defect |
Number |
1 |
in. |
Measured parallel to the y-axis |
Yellow |
| 16 |
Maximum depth of defect |
Number |
0.125 |
in. |
|
Yellow |
| 17 |
Defect photos and sketches |
Number |
0.125 |
in. |
Document typical abraded areas with photos and/or sketches |
Yellow |
| 18 |
Comments |
Text |
|
|
|
Orange |
| For Abraded Areas on a Superstructure or Substructure Element |
Pink |
| 19 |
Location of the defect: element type and identifier |
Text |
|
|
Example: Pier column P1A; evaluate each element individually and record data on each individual defect |
Blue |
| 20 |
Location of the defect on the element |
Text |
|
|
Example: upstream face of the column |
Yellow |
| 21 |
Location of corner 1 |
Number |
1 |
in. |
(x,y,z) coordinates of the four corners of a rectangle encompassing the deteriorated area |
Yellow |
| 22 |
Location of corner 2 |
Number |
1 |
in. |
Yellow |
| 23 |
Location of corner 3 |
Number |
1 |
in. |
Yellow |
| 24 |
Location of corner 4 |
Number |
1 |
in. |
Yellow |
| 25 |
Maximum length of the defect |
Number |
1 |
in. |
|
Yellow |
| 26 |
Maximum width of the defect |
Number |
1 |
in. |
|
Yellow |
| 27 |
Maximum depth of the defect |
Number |
0.125 |
in. |
|
Yellow |
| 28 |
Defect photos and sketches |
BLOB |
|
|
Document typical corroded areas with photos and/or sketches |
Yellow |
| 29 |
Comments |
Text |
|
|
|
Orange |
| For Exposed Steel Reinforcement and/or Tendons/Strands |
Pink |
| 30 |
Location of the defect: element type and identifier |
Text |
|
|
Example: Girder 1A: evaluate each element individually and record data on each individual defect |
Blue |
| 31 |
Location of the defect on the element |
Text |
|
|
Example: bottom flange of the girder |
Yellow |
| 32 |
Condition of reinforcement and/or prestressing strands/tendons |
Text |
|
|
Steel reinforcement and/or prestressing strands or tendons not exposed, Visible corroded section, Loss of section, and/or Other (specify under comments) |
Yellow |
| 33 |
Location of the beginning of the defect: x-coordinate |
Number |
1 |
in. |
Measured from the element local origin to the beginning of the defect |
Yellow |
| 34 |
Location of the end of the defect: x-coordinate |
Number |
1 |
in. |
Measured from the element local origin to the end of the defect |
Yellow |
| 35 |
Length of defect |
Number |
1 |
in. |
|
Yellow |
| 36 |
Defect photos and sketches |
BLOB |
|
|
Document typical defects with photos and/or sketches |
Yellow |
| 37 |
Comments |
Text |
|
|
|
Orange |
|
| 4.2 |
Table Key: |
|
| Column Descriptions |
# |
Sequential number of data item |
Field Name |
Data field name |
Data Type |
Type of data, such as text, number, predefined list, binary large object (BLOB), or PDF file |
Accuracy |
Accuracy to which the data are recorded |
Unit |
Unit in which a measurement is taken and recorded |
Field Description |
Commentary on the data or list of items in a predefined list |
| Row Color Key |
Green |
Data items only entered once for each protocol for each day the protocol is applied |
Pink |
Logical breakdown of data by elements or defect types (not always used) |
Blue |
Data identifying the element being evaluated or the type of defect being identified |
Yellow |
LTBP data reported individually for each element or defect identified |
Orange |
Comments on the data collection or data entered |
|
|
5. |
Criteria for Data Validation |
|
| 5.1 |
Compare measurements with measurements from previous inspections of the same structure to make sure that values make sense. |
|
| 5.2 |
Compare measurements with photo documentation to make sure results shown in photos are consistent with items measured. |
|
| 5.3 |
If an element’s condition is improved when compared to the condition documented in a previous inspection, check with the State department of transportation to determine if any maintenance, repair, and/or bridge preservation actions have occurred. If so, document these maintenance, repair, and/or bridge preservation actions using appropriate protocols. |
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|
6. |
Commentary/Background |
|
| 6.1 |
This protocol guides visual inspection of the damage caused by abrasion. |
|
| 6.2 |
Abrasions are often found on substructure elements in the waterway within the wet zone. This abrasion is due to debris, transported by the flow of water, striking or grinding against the concrete surface. Concrete superstructures may see abrasion in cases where low freeboard exists over tidal waterways. |
|
| 6.3 |
Concrete surfaces abraded by waterborne debris are typically rough and may contain localized depressions that sometimes expose the reinforcing steel. |
|
| 6.4 |
Mechanical abrasion consists of a progressive removal of aggregates and matrix on concrete surfaces, caused by debris or rolling and grinding against a concrete surface. |
|
| 6.5 |
During the visual inspection, if reinforcing steel is visible, observe and notate corrosion and section loss. A visual inspection of concrete substructure elements below the waterline may be needed. |
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7. |
References |
|
| 7.1 |
LTBP Protocols: |
|
| 7.1.1 |
PRE-PL-LO-004, Personal Health and Safety Plan. |
|
| 7.1.2 |
PRE-PL-LO-005, Personnel Qualifications. |
|
| 7.1.3 |
PRE-ED-BD-001, Plans and Specifications for Bridge Design and Construction. |
|
| 7.1.4 |
FLD-OP-SC-001, Data Collection Grid and Coordinate System for Bridge Decks. |
|
| 7.1.5 |
FLD-OP-SC-002, Structure Segmentation and Element Identification System. |
|
| 7.1.6 |
FLD-OP-SC-003, Determination of Local Origins for Elements. |
|
| 7.1.7 |
FLD-DC-PH-002, Photographing for Documentation Purposes. |
|
| 7.1.8 |
FLD-DS-LS-001, Data, Document, and Image Storage—Local. |
|
| 7.1.9 |
FLD-DS-RS-001, Data, Document, and Image Storage—Remote. |
|
| 7.2 |
External: |
|
| 7.2.1 |
FHWA-NHI-12-053, Bridge Inspector’s Reference Manual, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC, 2012. |
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