U.S. Department of Transportation
Federal Highway Administration
1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE
Washington, DC 20590
202-366-4000
Federal Highway Administration Research and Technology
Coordinating, Developing, and Delivering Highway Transportation Innovations
REPORT |
This report is an archived publication and may contain dated technical, contact, and link information |
Publication Number: FHWA-HRT-12-054 Date: December 2012 |
Publication Number: FHWA-HRT-12-054 Date: December 2012 |
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The Federal Highway Administration, in support of the Transportation Operation Center Pooled Fund Study, initiated this study to identify and quantify Transportation Management Center (TMC) benefits. In a time of shrinking budgets, government officials must select from a multitude of projects competing for the limited available resources. Many benefits of TMC have been intuitively understood by managers but now need to be quantified in order to justify the initial cost as well as the ongoing annual operations and maintenance costs. This report provides a means to identify and quantify TMC benefits. It presents direction, guidance, methodologies, and procedures to agencies associated with monitoring, evaluating, and reporting on the values and benefits of TMC operations. This report is directed toward professionals working in State transportation departments and other agencies that are responsible for the construction and operation of TMCs.
Joseph I. Peters
Director, Office of Operations
Research and Development
Notice
This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The U.S. Government assumes no liability for the use of the information contained in this document.
The U.S. Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trademarks or manufacturers’ names appear in this report only because they are considered essential to the objective of the document.
Quality Assurance Statement
The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) provides high-quality information to serve Government, industry, and the public in a manner that promotes public understanding. Standards and policies are used to ensure and maximize the quality, objectivity, utility, and integrity of its information. FHWA periodically reviews quality issues and adjusts its programs and processes to ensure continuous quality improvement.
1. Report No. FHWA-HRT-12-054 |
2. Government Accession No. |
3. Recipient's Catalog No. |
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4. Title and Subtitle Methodologies to Measure and Quantify Transportation Management Center Benefits: Final Synthesis Report |
5. Report Date December 2012 |
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6. Performing Organization Code |
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7. Author Robert Gordon |
8. Performing Organization Report No. |
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9. Performing Organization Name and Address Dunn Engineering Associates 66 Main Street Westhampton Beach, NY 11978-2632 |
10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) |
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11. Contract or Grant No. DTFH61-06-D-00005 |
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12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address Office of Operations Research and Development Federal Highway Administration 6300 Georgetown Pike McLean, VA 22101-2296 |
13. Type of Report and
Period Covered |
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14. Sponsoring Agency Code HRDO-20 |
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15. Supplementary Notes The Contracting Officer's Technical Representative (COTR) was Randall VanGorder, HRDO-20. |
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16. Abstract This project provides a useable means to identify and quantify Transportation Management Center (TMC) benefits. It presents direction, guidance, methodologies, and procedures to agencies associated with monitoring, evaluating, and reporting on the values and benefits of TMC operations. The measures and methodologies developed focus on outcomes, although a number of output measures that emphasize key operations are also included. This report highlights measures used for benefit-cost analysis, including those that may be employed for freeway TMCs, traffic signal system TMCs, and corridor TMCs. This document describes the algorithms and processes used to compute many of the measures. In the case of system measures, measures required for benefit-cost analysis, such as system-wide vehicle delay, require measurements of both volume and speed or travel time for each travel link. Other measures, such as motorist travel time and travel time reliability, require measured speed or travel time. |
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17. Key Words Transportation management center, Methodologies, Guidance, Monitoring, Evaluation, Operations, Benefit-cost analysis, Performance measures, Algorithms, Travel time reliability |
18. Distribution Statement No restrictions. This document is available to the Public through the National Technical Information Service; Springfield, VA 22161 |
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19. Security Classif. (of this report) Unclassified |
20. Security Classif. (of this page) Unclassified |
21. No of Pages 117 |
22. Price N/A |
Form DOT F1700.7 (8-72) Reproduction of completed page authorized
2. TMC FUNCTIONS AND EXAMPLES OF PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
4. SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DATA STRUCTURES
5. METHODOLOGIES FOR DEVELOPING MEASURES
6. TECHNIQUES TO SUPPORT DATA COLLECTION AND ARCHIVAL
Appendix A. Example of Progression to Performance Measures
Appendix B. Pollutant Emissions
Appendix C. GDOT Motorist Survey
Figure 1. Illustration. TxDOT balanced scorecard approach
Figure 2. Illustration. Example of data aggregation structure
Figure 3. Illustration. Example of link, domain, and detector station relationships
Figure 4. Illustration. Example of link, domain, and probe site relationships
Figure 5. Illustration. Data accumulation methodology
Figure 6. Equation. Domain system travel time
Figure 7. Equation. Domain system delay
Figure 8. Equation. Link system travel time
Figure 9. Equation. Link system travel time for 15-min periods
Figure 10. Equation. Link system delay
Figure 11. Equation. Link system delay for 15-min periods
Figure 12. Equation. Domain vehicle travel time
Figure 13. Equation. Domain vehicle delay
Figure 14. Equation. Link vehicle travel time
Figure 15. Equation. Link vehicle travel time for each 15-min period
Figure 16. Equation. Link vehicle delay
Figure 17. Equation. Link vehicle delay for each 15-min period
Figure 18. Equation. Travel time as sensed by probe PR
Figure 19. Equation. Probe-sensing region speed for region PR
Figure 20. Equation. Freeway system travel time
Figure 21. Equation. Freeway system delay
Figure 22. Equation. Private vehicle occupant system delay
Figure 23. Equation. Commercial vehicle occupant system delay
Figure 24. Equation. Goods inventory delay
Figure 25. Equation. Route travel time
Figure 26. Flowchart. Route travel times
Figure 27. Equation. Freeway route delay
Figure 28. Equation. Standard deviation of travel time measurements
Figure 29. Equation. Buffer time
Figure 30. Equation. Planning time
Figure 31. Graph. Relationship of travel time reliability indices
Figure 32. Equation. Peek hour throughput
Figure 33. Graph. Link throughput
Figure 34. Graph. Control delay
Figure 35. Equation. The relationship between travel time and control delay
Figure 36. Equation. Intersection delay
Figure 37. Equation. System delay
Figure 38. Equation. Surface street route delay
Figure 39. Equation. Surface street route travel time
Figure 40. Graph. Five leading contributing circumstances in all collisions
Figure 41. Graph. Five leading contributing circumstances in fatal collisions
Figure 42. Equation. Fuel consumption
Figure 43. Equation. Fuel consumption due to control delay
Figure 45. Equation. 5-min weighted average link density
Figure 46. Equation. Peak hour weighted average link density
Figure 47. Graph. Example of Lorenz curve for a metered freeway entrance ramp
Figure 48. Equation. Gini coefficient
Figure 49. Equation. Total system delay
Figure 50. Equation. Rewriting total system delay
Figure 51. Equation. Relationship between change in delay and reduced incident clearance time
Figure 52. Illustration. Washington service patrol assist form
Figure 53. Illustration. WSDOT service patrol survey
Figure 54. Graph. Public rating on WSDOT service patrol program
Figure 55. Equation. Estimated speed
Figure 56. Graph. Comparison of INRIX® data with Bluetooth® data and measured travel time
Figure 57. Flowchart. The SMART-SIGNAL system architecture
Figure 58. Graph. Annual average incident clearance time
Figure 59. Graph. Estimated annual motorist cost savings attributed to Houston TranStar operation
Figure 60. Graph. Houston TranStar benefit-cost ratio
Figure 61. Equation. Value of design and construction cost
Figure 62. Equation. Capital recovery factor
Figure 63. Equation. Uniform annual equivalent investment cost
Figure 64. Equation. Annualized life-cycle cost
Figure 65. Equation. Cost adjusted to 2010 levels
Figure 66. Equation. Monetary performance
Figure 67. Equation. Monetary benefit
Figure 68. Equation. Benefit-cost ratio
Figure 69. Graph. Monetary benefits and costs for project alternatives
Figure 70. Illustration. Performance measures
Figure 71. Equation. Emissions
Figure 72. Equation. Arterial pollutant emission
Figure 73. Illustration. Interstate traffic flow scores
Figure 74. Illustration. Distribution of interstate traffic flow scores
Figure 75. Illustration. Non-interstate traffic flow scores
Figure 76. Illustration. Distribution of non-interstate traffic flow scores
Figure 77. Illustration. Motorist priority rankings
Figure 78. Illustration. Performance versus importance plot
Table 2. Characteristics of representative ITS performance evaluation systems
Table 3. Comparison of performance measures criteria
Table 4. Measures used by FDOT
Table 5. Example of percentage of ITS monetary benefits for benefits classes
Table 6. Measures of effectiveness
Table 7. Relationship of TMC functions to measures of effectiveness
Table 9. Data uses and characteristics
Table 10. Sample size requirements
Table 12. 2009 leading collision type for all collisions in Washington (State routes only)
Table 16. WSDOT crash data for contributing circumstances
Table 17. Safety work zone performance measures
Table 18. Fuel consumption rates in gallons per VMT
Table 19. Freeway LOS characteristics
Table 20. LOS criteria for freeway facilities
Table 21. LOS for signalized intersections.
Table 22. Basic data generation for representative performance monitoring systems
Table 23. Error rate of different surveillance technologies in field tests
Table 24. I-95 corridor coalition probe detection test results
Table 25. Evaluation approaches
Table 26. Freeway service patrol performance statistics
Table 27. Example of Naperville, IL, travel time/delay summary
Table 28. Naperville, IL, vehicle emmisions summary-percent reduction
Table 29. Naperville, IL, vehicle emmisions summary-annual emission reduction
Table 30. Performance component for benefit-cost analysis
Table 31. Representative values for coefficients
Table 32. Development of goals
Table 33. Development of initiatives
Table 34. Pollutant index identification
Table 35. Emission rates for 2011
Table 36. Emission rates for 2016
Table 37. Idling emission rates
AADT | Average annual daily traffic |
ACC/MEV | Accidents per million vehicles entering an intersection |
ADCS | Automated data collection station |
ADMS | Archived data management system |
ADOT | Arizona Department of Transportation |
AVL | Automatic vehicle locator |
CAD | Computer-aided dispatch |
Caltrans | California Department of Transportation |
DMS | Dynamic message sign |
EVSP | Emergency vehicle signal preemption |
FDOT | Florida Department of Transportation |
FHWA | Federal Highway Administration |
FMS | Freeway management system |
FYTD | Fiscal year to date |
GDOT | Georgia Department of Transportation |
GPS | Global Positioning System |
HAR | Highway advisory radio |
HCRS | Highway Condition and Reporting System |
HOV | High occupancy vehicle |
ITS | Intelligent transportation system |
LOS | Level of service |
MAG | Maricopa Association of Governments |
MOVES | Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator |
NOX | Oxides of nitrogen |
NYSDOT | New York State Department of Transportation |
PeMS | Performance Measurement System |
PDO | Property damage only |
PMT | Person miles traveled |
RTMS | Remote traffic microwave sensor |
SO2 | Sulfur dioxide |
SPI | Safety performance index |
STEWARD | Statewide Traffic Engineering Warehouse for Regional Traffic Data |
TMC | Transportation Management Center |
TRIPS | Travel-Time Reporting and Integrated Performance System |
TxDOT | Texas Department of Transportation |
VMT | Vehicle miles traveled |
VOC | Volatile organic compound |
WSDOT | Washington State Department of Transportation |