Human Factors Literature Reviews on Intersections, Speed Management, Pedestrians and Bicyclists, and Visibility
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APPENDIX A. MASTER REFERENCE LIST
This Master Reference List was created to keep track of all of the documents associated with this project. This list was used primarily by the project team to keep track of which documents had initially been identified for inclusion in the review, been ordered, been received, required copyright permission, received copyright permission, and been reviewed. In addition, it served as a way to keep track of the reports that were on the list, but were changed to "Not Reviewed" based on draft reviews, an internal review of the list, or suggestions from FHWA. As seen in the actual list, each document, whether it was given a final review or not, was assigned a unique identifier number as part of the tracking process.
Tables 2 through 5 in this appendix are comprised of references to the body of work that was considered for inclusion in the compendium. The documents referenced here were either reviewed and included in the compendium or were considered for review, but rejected. The tables are organized into categories representing the topic areas of interest. Tables 2 through 5 reference the documents that were included in the compendium and are organized as follows:
| Table 2 |
Intersections |
| Table 3 |
Speed Management |
| Table 4 |
Pedestrians and Bicyclists |
| Table 5 |
Visibility |
The reference tables include the following fields:
| Reference |
The document. |
| Reference Number |
An internal tracking number for each document. |
| Web Site |
The number corresponds to the list of Web sites on page 268 and indicates the Web address for the document. "N/A" indicates that no Web site w
as found for the document. |
| Received |
Indicates whether the document has been received by the Battelle project team. |
| Copyright Permission |
Indicates if permission is required to reprint figures or tables. |
| Permission Received |
Indicates if permission has been received to reprint figures or tables. |
| Review Status |
Indicates if the document has been reviewed. |
Table comprises a summary of the total number of references in each category. This status summary table includes the following fields:
| Category |
Indicates one of the four categories. |
| Total References |
Total number of references found for each category. |
| Total to Review |
The number of documents selected for review at this time in each of the four categories. |
| Received |
Indicates the number of documents received by the Battelle team. |
| Reviewed |
Indicates the total number of documents reviewed for each category. |
A list of references to the Web sites at which the reports may be found follow the tables.
Table 2. References for Intersections section.
| INTERSECTIONS |
| Reference |
Reference Number |
Web Site |
Received? |
Copyright Permission? |
Permission Received |
Review
Status |
Anonymous. (1995). Traffic Operations Control for Older Drivers: A Summary Report (FHWA-RD-94-199). Washington, DC: U.S.
Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. |
INT_001 |
|
|
|
|
Not Reviewed |
Anonymous. (2001). National Agenda for Intersection Safety (FHWA-SA-02-007). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of
Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. |
INT_002 |
2 |
|
|
|
Not Reviewed |
Antonucci, N.D., Hardy, K.K., Slack, K.L., Pfefer, R., and Neuman, T.R. (2004). Guidance for Implementation of the AASHTO
Strategic Highway Safety Plan, Volume 12: A Guide for Reducing Collisions at Signalized Intersections (NCHRP Report 500). Washington, DC: Transportation
Research Board. |
INT_003 |
8 |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Bauer, K.M, and Harwood, D.W. (2000). Statistical Models of At-Grade Intersection Accidents, Addendum (FHWA-RD-99-094).
Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. |
INT_004 |
3 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Bauer, K.M., and Harwood, D.W. (1996).Statistical Models of At-Grade Intersection Accidents (FHWA-RD-96-125).
Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. |
INT_005 |
|
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Bellomo-McGee, Inc. (2003). Intersection Collision Avoidance Study, Final Report. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of
Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. |
INT_006 |
|
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Bonneson, J.A., and McCoy, P.T. (1994). "Driver Understanding of Protected and Permitted Left-Turn Signal Displays."
Transportation Research Record 1464, pp. 42-50. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board, National Research Council. |
INT_007 |
|
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Bonneson, J.A., and McCoy, P.T. (1997). Capacity and Operational Effects of Midblock Left-Turn Lanes (Report No. 395).
Washington, DC: National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Transportation Research Board. |
INT_008 |
|
|
|
|
Not Reviewed |
Bonneson, J., Brewer, M., and Zimmerman, K. (2001). Review and Evaluation of Factors That Affect the Frequency of Red-Light
Running (FHWA/TX-02/4027-1). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. |
INT_009 |
|
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Bonneson, J., Zimmerman, K., and Brewer, M. (August 2002). Engineering Countermeasures to Reduce Red-Light Running
(FHWA/TX-03/4027-2). Texas Department of Transportation. |
INT_010 |
|
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
*Chovan, J.D., Tijerina, L., Everson, J.H., Pierowicz, D.L., and Hendricks, D.L. (1994). Examination of Intersection, Left
Turn Across Path Crashes and Potential IVHS Countermeasures (DOT-HS-808-154). Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. |
INT_011 |
23 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
*Chovan, J.D., Tijerina, L., Pierowicz, D.L., and Hendricks, D.L. (1994). Examination of Unsignalized Intersection, Straight
Crossing-Path Crashes and Potential IVHS Countermeasures (DOT-HS-808-152). Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. |
INT_012 |
23 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Compton, R.P., and Milton, E.V. (1994). Safety Impact of Permitting Right-Turn-On-Red (DOT-HS-808-200). Washington, DC:
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. |
INT_013 |
|
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Datta, T.K. (1994). Assessment of the Benefits of Two-Way Center Left-Turn Lanes (FHWA-MI-RD-94-06). Michigan Department
of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. |
INT_014 |
|
|
|
|
Not Reviewed |
Datta, T.K., Schattler, K., and Datta, S. (2000). "Red Light Violations and Crashes at Urban Intersections."
Transportation Research Record 1734. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board, National Research Council. |
INT_015 |
|
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Anonymous. (1995). Accident Analysis of Older Drivers at Intersections (FHWA-RD-94-021). Washington, DC: U.S. Department
of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. |
INT_016 |
32 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Gattis, J.L., and Low, S.T. (1998). Intersection Angles and the Driver’s Field of View (MBTC-FR-1073). Little Rock,
AR: Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department. |
INT_017 |
|
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Harwood, D.W., Bauer, K.M., Potts, I.B., Torbic, D.J., Richard, K.R., Kohlman Rabbani, E.R., Hauer, E., and Elefteriadou, L.
(July 2002). Safety Effectiveness of Intersection Left- and Right-Turn Lanes (FHWA-RD-02-089). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation,
Federal Highway Administration. |
INT_018 |
3 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Harwood, D.W., Council, F.M., Hauer, E., Hughes, W.E., and Vogt, A. (2000).Prediction of the Expected Safety Performance
of Rural Two-Lane Highways(FHWA-RD-99-207). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. |
INT_019 |
3 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Harwood, D.W., Pietrucha, M.T., Wooldridge, M.D., Brydia, R.E., and Fitzpatrick, K. (1995). Median Intersection Design
(NCHRP Report 375). Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board. |
INT_020 |
|
|
|
|
Not Reviewed |
Hasson, P., and Stollof, E. (2002). Intersection Safety Briefing Sheets: An Introduction. Washington, DC: U.S. Department
of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. |
INT_021 |
2 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Institute of Transportation Engineers. (2003). Making Intersections Safer: A Toolbox of Engineering Countermeasures to Reduce
Red-Light Running, An Informational Report (Publication No. IR-115). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration.
|
INT_022 |
2 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Lee, S.E., Knipling, R.R., DeHart, M.C., Perez, M.A., Holbrook, G.T., Brown, S.B., Stone, S.R., and Olson, R.L. (March 2004).
Vehicle-Based Countermeasures for Signal and Stop Sign Violations, Task 1: Intersection Control Violation Crash Analyses, Task 2: Top-Level System and
Human Factors Requirements (DOT-HS-809-716). Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. |
INT_023 |
19 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Lerner, N.D., Huey, R.W., McGee, H.W., and Sullivan, A. (1995). Older Driver Perception-Reaction Time for Intersection Sight
Distance and ObjectDetection, Volume 1: Final Report (FHWA-RD-93-168). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration.
|
INT_024 |
|
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Mohamedshah, Y.M., Chen, L.W., and Council, F.M. (May 2000). Association of Selected Intersection Factors With Red-Light
Running Crashes (FHWA-RD-00-112). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. |
INT_025 |
5 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Najm, W.G., Smith, J.D., and Smith, D.L. (2001). Analysis of Crossing-Path Crashes (DOT-HS-809-423). Washington, DC:
National Highway Traffic SafetyAdministration. |
INT_026 | 3 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and Federal Highway Administration. (2003). Guidance for Using Red-Light
Cameras. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. |
INT_027 |
2 |
Yes |
|
|
Yea |
Neuman, T.R., Pfefer, R., Slack, K.L., Hardy, K.K., Harwood, D.W., Potts, I.B., Torbic, D.J., and Kohlman Rabbani, E.R. (2003).
Guidance for Implementation of the AASHTO Strategic Highway Safety Plan, Volume 5: A Guide for Addressing Unsignalized Intersection Collisions
(NCHRP Report 500). Transportation Research Board. |
INT_028 |
|
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
*Pierowicz, J., Jocoy, E., Lloyd, M., Bittner, A., and Pirson, B. (2000). Intersection Collision Avoidance Using ITS
Countermeasures, Task 9: Intersection Collision Avoidance System Performance Guidelines, Final Report (DOTHS-809-171). Washington, DC: National
Highway Traffic Safety Administration. |
INT_029 |
|
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Polus, A., and Cohen, R. (1997). "Operational Impact of Split Intersections." Transportation Research Record 1579
. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board, National Research Council. |
INT_030 |
|
|
|
|
Not Reviewed |
Retting, R.A., and Greene, M.A. (1997). "Influence of Traffic Signal Timing on Red-Light Running and Potential Vehicle
Conflicts at Urban Intersections." Transportation Research Record 1595, pp. 1-7. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board, National
Research Council. |
INT_031 |
|
Yes |
Yes |
No |
Yes |
Robinson, B.W., Rodegerdts, L., Scarborough, W., Kittelson, W., Troutbeck, R., Brilon, W., Bondzio, L., Courage, K., Kyte, M.,
Mason, J., Flannery, A., Myers, E., Bunker, J., and Jacquemart, G. (2000). Roundabouts: An Informational Guide (FHWA-PL-00-067). Washington, DC:
U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. |
INT_032 |
|
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Rodegerdts, L.A., Nevers, B., Robinson, B. Ringert, J., Koonce, P., Bansen, J., Nguyen, T., McGill, J., Stewart, D., Suggett, J.,
Neuman, T., Antonucci, N., Hardy, K., and Courage, K. (August 2004). Signalized Intersections: Informational Guide (FHWA-HRT-04-091). Washington,
DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. |
INT_033 | |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Stamatiadis, N., Kala, T., Clayton, A., and Agent, K. (June 2004). U-Turns at Signalized Intersections
(KTC-04-12/SPR258-03-3F). Frankfort, KY: Kentucky Transportation Cabinet. |
INT_035 |
|
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Staplin, L., Gish, K.W., Decina, L.E., Lococo, K.H., and McKnight, A.S. (1998). Intersection Negotiation Problems of Older
Drivers, Volume I: Final Technical Report. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. |
INT_036 |
35 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Staplin, L., Harkey, D.L., Lococo, K.H., and Tarawneh, M.S. (1997). Intersection Geometric Design and Operational Guidelines
for Older Drivers and Pedestrians, Volume 3: Guidelines (FHWA-RD-96-137). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway
Administration. |
INT_037 |
|
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Staplin, L., Harkey, D.L., Lococo, K.H., and Tarawneh, M.S. (1997). Intersection Geometric Design and Operational Guidelines
for Older Drivers and Pedestrians, Volume 2: Executive Summary (FHWA-RD-96-138). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway
Administration. |
INT_038 |
|
Yes |
|
|
Not Reviewed |
Staplin, L., Harkey, D.L., Lococo, K.H., and Tarawneh, M.S. (1997). Intersection Geometric Design and Operational Guidelines
for Older Drivers and Pedestrians, Volume 1: Final Report (FHWA-RD-96-132). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway
Administration. |
INT_039 |
|
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Stokes, R.W. (2004). Effectiveness of Two-Way Stop Control at Low-Volume Rural Intersections. Kansas Department of
Transportation. |
INT_040 |
|
|
|
|
Not Reviewed |
Stokes, R.W., Rys, M.J., Russel, E.R., Robinson, R.K., and Budke, B. (2000). Analysis of Rural Intersection Accidents Caused
by Stop Sign Violation and Failure to Yield the Right-of-Way. Kansas Department of Transportation |
INT_041 | |
|
|
|
Not Reviewed |
*Tijerina, L., Chovan, J.D., Pierowicz, D.L., and Hendricks, D.L. (1994). Examination of Signalized Intersection, Straight
Crossing-Path Crashes and Potential IVHS Countermeasures (DOT-HS-808-143). Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. |
INT_042 |
|
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Vogt, A. (1999). Crash Models for Rural Intersections: Four-Lane by Two-Lane Stop-Controlled and Two-Lane by Two-Lane
Signalized (FHWA-RD-99-128). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. |
INT_043 |
3 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Vogt, A., and Bared, J.G. (1998). Accident Models for Two-Lane Rural Roads: Segments and Intersections (FHWA-RD-98-133).
Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. |
INT_044 |
3 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
*Wang, J., and Knipling, R.R. (1994). Intersection Crossing-Path Crashes: Problem Size Assessment and Statistical
Description (DOT-HS-808-190). Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. |
INT_045 |
|
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Campbell, B.N., Smith, J.D., and Najm, W.G. (September 2004). Analysis of Fatal Crashes Due to Signal and Stop Sign
Violations (DOT-HS-809-779). Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. |
INT_046 |
|
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Council, F.M., Persaud, B., Eccles, K., Lyon, C., and Griffith, M.S. (April 2005).Safety Evaluation of Red-Light Cameras,
Executive Summary (FHWA-HRT-05-048). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, FHWA. |
INT_047 |
4 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
*Indicates reviews from the Technical Compendium and Summary of IVI-Related Human Factors Research.
|
Table 3. References for Speed Management section.
| SPEED MANAGEMENT |
| Reference |
Reference Number |
Web Site |
Received |
Copyright Permission? |
Permission Received |
Review
Status |
Clark, A., and Dornfeld, M.J. (1994). Traffic Calming, Auto-Restricted Zones and Other Traffic Management Techniques: Their
Effects on Bicycling and Pedestrians (FHWA-PD-93-028). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. |
SPD_001 |
22 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Coleman, J.A, Cotton, R.D., Parker, M.R., Covey, R., Pena, H.E., Jr., Graham, D., Robinson, M.L., McCauley, J., Taylor, W.C., and
Morford, G. (December 1995). FHWA International Technology Scanning Program: Summary Report of the FHWA Study Tour for Speed Management and Enforcement
Technology (FHWA-PL-96-006). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. |
SPD_002 | 31 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Bloch, S.A. (1998). A Comparative Study of the Speed Reduction Effects of Photo-Radar and Speed Display Boards.
Transportation Research Board 77th Annual Meeting, January 11-15, Washington, DC. |
SPD_003 |
|
|
|
|
Not Reviewed |
Ewing, R. (1999). Traffic Calming: State of the Practice (FHWA-RD-99-135). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of
Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. |
SPD_004 |
14 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Federal Highway Association. (1996). Effects of Raising and Lowering Speed Limits on Selected Roadway Sections
(FHWA-RD-92-084). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. |
SPD_005 |
15 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Feng, C. (2001). "Synthesis of Studies on Speed and Safety." Transportation Research Record 1779. Washington,
DC: Transportation Research Board, National Research Council. |
SPD_006 |
|
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Fitzpatrick, K., Carlson, P.J., Wooldridge, M.D., and Brewer, M.A. (2000). Design Factors That Affect Driver Speed on
Suburban Arterials (FHWA/TX-00/1769-3). Austin, TX: Texas Department of Transportation. |
SPD_007 |
|
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Fitzpatrick, K., Elefteriadou, L., Harwood, D.W., Collins, J.M., McFadden, F., Anderson, I.B., Krammes, R.A., Irizarry, N.,
Parma, K.D., Bauer, K.M., and Passetti, K. (1999). Speed Prediction for Two-Lane Rural Highways (FHWARD-99-171). Washington, DC: U.S. Department
of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. |
SPD_008 |
3 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Garber, N.J., and Patel, S.T. (1994). Effectiveness of Changeable Message Signs in Controlling Vehicle Speeds in Work Zones
(FHWA/VA-95-R4). Virginia Transportation Research Council; U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. |
SPD_009 |
16 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Garder, P., Ivan, J.N., and Du, J. (June 2002). Traffic Calming of State Highways: Application New England (Grant No.
DTRS99-G-0001). New EnglandUniversity Transportation Center. |
SPD_010 |
|
|
|
|
Not Reviewed |
Knoblauch, R.L., and Raymond, P.D. (2000). The Effects of Crosswalk Markings on Vehicle Speeds in Maryland, Virginia,
and Arizona (FHWA-RD-00-101). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. |
SPD_011 |
1 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Maze, T., Kamyab, A., and Schrock, S. (April 2000). Evaluation of Work Zone Speed Reduction Measures (Report No. 99-44).
Iowa Department of Transportation. |
SPD_012 |
|
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Parham, A.H., and Fitzpatrick, K. (1998). Handbook of Speed Management Techniques (FHWA-TX-99-1770-2). Texas Department
of Transportation; U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. |
SPD_013 |
|
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Stuster, J., Coffman, Z., and Warren, D. (July 1998). Synthesis of Safety Research Related to Speed and Speed Management
(FHWA-RD-98-154). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. |
SPD_014 |
17 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Zein, S.R., Geddes, E., Hemsing, S., and Johnson, M. (1997). "Safety Benefits of Traffic Calming." Transportation
Research Record 1578, Pedestrian and Bicycle Research, pp. 3-10. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board, National Research Council. |
SPD_015 |
|
|
|
|
Not Reviewed |
Anonymous. (2000). "Restoring Credibility to Speed Setting: Engineering, Enforcement, and Educational Issues,"
Speed Management Workshops. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation. |
SPD_016 |
30 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Table 4. References for Pedestrians and Bicyclists section.
| PEDESTRIANS AND BICYCLISTS |
| Reference |
Reference Number |
Web Site |
Received? |
Copyright Permission? |
Permission Received |
Review
Status |
Anonymous. (2002). National Survey of Pedestrian and Bicyclist Attitudes and Behaviors, Highlights Report. Washington
DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Bureau of Transportation Statistics. |
P&B_001 |
20 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Anonymous. The Bicycle Compatibility Index: A Level of Service Concept, Implementation Manual (FHWA-RD-98-095).
Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. |
P&B_002 |
|
|
|
|
Not Reviewed |
Beckwith, D.M., and Hunter-Zaworski, K.M. (1998). "Passive Pedestrian Detection at Unsignalized Crossings."
Transportation Research Record 1636, pp. 96-103. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board, National Research Council. |
P&B_004 |
|
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Cairney, P. (1999). Pedestrian Safety in Australia (FHWA-PL-99-093). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation,
Federal Highway Administration. |
P&B_005 |
10 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Campbell, B.J., Zegeer, C.V., Huang, H.H., and Cynecki, M.J. (January 2004). A Review of Pedestrian Safety Research in
the United States and Abroad (FHWA-RD-03-042). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. |
P&B_006 |
13 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Carsten, O.M.J., Sheryborne, D.J., and Rothengatter, R.A. (1998). "Intelligent Traffic Signals for Pedestrians: Evaluation
of Trials in Three Countries." Transportation Research Record, Part C, 6, pp. 213-220. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board,
National Research Council. |
P&B_007 |
|
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Clark, A., and Tracy, L. (1995). Bicycle Safety-Related Research Synthesis (FHWARD-94-062). Washington, DC: U.S.
Department of Transportation, FederalHighway Administration. |
P&B_009 |
|
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
daSilva, M.P., Campbell, B.N., Smith, J.D., and Najm, W.G. (2002). Analysis of Pedalcyclist Crashes (DOT-HS-809-572).
Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. |
P&B_010 |
19 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
daSilva, M.P., Smith, J.D., and Najm, W.G. (2002). Analysis of Pedestrian Crashes(DOT-HS-809-585). Washington, DC:
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. |
P&B_011 |
19 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Davis, D.G. (1999). Research, Development, and Implementation of Pedestrian Safety Facilities in the United Kingdom
(FHWA-PL-99-089). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. |
P&B_012 |
2 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Ekman, L., and Hyden, C. (1999). Pedestrian Safety in Sweden (FHWA-RD-99-091). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of
Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. |
P&B_013 |
10 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Ferrara, T.C., and Gibby, A.R. (September 2001). Statewide Study of Bicycles and Pedestrians on Freeways, Expressways,
Toll Bridges, and Tunnels (FHWA/CA/OR-01/20). Caltrans; U.S. Department of Transportation, Research and Special Programs Administration. |
P&B_014 |
|
|
|
|
Not Reviewed |
FHWA Study Tour for Pedestrian and Bicyclist Safety in England, Germany, and the Netherlands (FHWA-PL-95-006).
Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. |
P&B_015 |
|
|
|
|
Not Reviewed |
Hakkert, A.S., Gitelman, V., and Ben-Shabat, E. (2002). An Evaluation of Crosswalk Warning Systems: Effects on Pedestrian
and Vehicle Behavior. Transportation Research Part F, 5, pp. 233-250. |
P&B_016 |
|
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Harkey, D.L., Reinfurt, D.W., Knuiman, M., Stewart, J.R., and Sorton, A. (1998).Development of the Bicycle Compatibility
Index: A Level of Service Concept, Final Report (FHWA-RD-98-072). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration.
|
P&B_017 |
|
|
|
|
Not Reviewed |
Huang, H.F., and Cynecki, M.J. (2001). The Effects of Traffic Calming Measures on Pedestrian and Motorist Behavior
(FHWA-RD-00-104). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. |
P&B_018 |
1 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Huang, H., and Zegeer, C.V. (1999). An Evaluation of Illuminated Pedestrian Push Buttons in Windsor, Ontario
(FHWA-RD-00-102). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration |
P&B_019 |
1 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Huang, H., Zegeer, C., Nassi, R., and Fairfax, B. (2000). The Effects of Innovative Pedestrian Signs at Unsignalized
Locations: A Tale of Three Treatments (FHWA-RD-00-098). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. |
P&B_020 |
1 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Hughes, R., Huang, H., Zegeer, C., and Cynecki, M. (2001). Evaluation of Automated Pedestrian Detection at Signalized
Intersections (FHWA-RD-00-097).Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal HighwayAdministration. |
P&B_021 |
1 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Hummel, T. (1999). Dutch Pedestrian Safety Research Review (FHWA-PL-99-092). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of
Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. |
P&B_022 |
10 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Hunter, W.W., Stewart, J.R., Stutts, J.C., Huang, H.H., and Pein, W.E. (1998). Bicycle Lanes vs. Wide Curb Lanes, Final
Report (FHWA-RD-99-034). Washington DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration |
P&B_023 |
33 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Hunter, W.W., Stewart, J.R., Stutts, J.C., Huang, H.H., and Pein, W.E. (1998). Bicycle Lanes vs. Wide Curb Lanes:
Operational and Safety Findings and Countermeasure Recommendations (FHWA-RD-99-035). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway
Administration. |
P&B_024 |
1 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Hunter, W.W., Stutts, J.C., Pein, W.E., and Cox, C.L. (1996). Pedestrian and Bicycle Crash Types of the Early 1990s
(FHWA-RD-95-163). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. |
P&B_025 |
|
|
|
|
Not Reviewed |
Knoblauch, R.L., Nitzburg, M., and Seifert, R.F. (2001). Pedestrian Crosswalk Case Studies: Sacramento, California; Richmond,
Virginia; Buffalo, New York; Stillwater, Minnesota(FHWA-RD-00-103). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration.
|
P&B_026 |
1 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Leaf, W.A., and Preusser, D.F. (1999). Literature Review on Vehicle Travel Speeds and Pedestrian Injuries
(DOT-HS-809-012). Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. |
P&B_028 |
34 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Lord, D. (1997). "Analysis of Pedestrian Conflicts With Left-Turning Traffic."Transportation Research Record
1538. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board, National Research Council. |
P&B_029 |
|
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
McMahon, P.J., Zegeer, C.V., Duncan, C., Knoblauch, R.L., Stewart, J.R., and Khattak, A.J. (2001). An Analysis of Factors
Contributing to "Walking Along Roadway" Crashes: Research Study and Guidelines for Sidewalks and Walkways (FHWA-RD-01-101). Washington, DC:
U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. |
P&B_030 |
7 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Nitzburg, M., and Knoblauch, R.L. (2001). An Evaluation of High-Visibility Crosswalk Treatments: Clearwater, Florida
(FHWA-RD-00-105). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. |
P&B_031 |
1 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
North Carolina University, Highway Safety Research Center. (1996). Florida Pedestrian Planning and Design Guidelines.
Tallahassee, FL: Florida State Department of Transportation. |
P&B_032 |
|
|
|
|
Not Reviewed |
Hall, J.W., Brogan, J.D., and Kondreddi, M. (September 2004). Pedestrian Safety on Rural Highways (FHWA-SA-04-008).
Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. |
P&B_033 |
13 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
La Valley, J., Crandall, C.S., Sklar, P., and Banks, L. (September 2004). Pedestrian Safety in Native America
(FHWA-SA-04-007). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. |
P&B_034 |
18 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Schwartz, W.L., Porter, C.D., Payne, G.C., Suhrbier, J.H., Moe, P.C., and Wilkinson, W.L., III. (1999). Guidebook on
Methods to Estimate Non-Motorized Travel: Supporting Documentation (FHWA-RD-98-166). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal
Highway Administration. |
P&B_035 |
2 |
Yes |
|
|
Not Reviewed |
Schwartz, W.L., Porter, C.D., Payne, G.C., Suhrbier, J.H., Moe, P.C., and Wilkinson, W.L., III. (July 1999). Guidebook on
Methods to Estimate Non-Motorized Travel: Overview of Methods (FHWA-RD-98-165). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway
Administration. |
P&B_036 |
2 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Staplin, L., Lococo, K., Byington, S., and Harkey, D. (2001). Guidelines and Recommendation to Accommodate Older Driver
and Pedestrians (FHWARD-01-051). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. |
P&B_037 |
1 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Stutts, J.C., and Hunter, W.W. (1997). Injuries to Pedestrians and Bicyclists: An Analysis Based on Hospital Emergency
Department Data (FHWA-RD-99-078). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. |
P&B_038 |
1 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics. (2000). Bicycle and Pedestrian Data: Sources,
Needs, and Gaps (BTS00-02).Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation. |
P&B_039 |
|
|
|
|
Not Reviewed |
Van Houten, R., and Malenfant, J.E.L. (1999). Canadian Research on Pedestrian Safety (FHWA-PL-99-090). Washington,
DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. |
P&B_040 |
10 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Wilkinson, W.C., Clarke, A., Epperson, B., and Knoblauch, R. (1994). Selecting Roadway Design Treatments to Accommodate
Bicycles (FHWA-RD-92-073). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. |
P&B_041 |
22 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Zeeger, C.V., Cynecki, M., Fegan, J., Gilleran, B., Lagerwey, P., Tan, C., and Works, B. FHWA Study Tour for Pedestrian
and Bicyclist Safety in England, Germany, and the Netherlands (FHWA-PL-95-006). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway
Administration. |
P&B_042 |
|
|
|
|
Not Reviewed |
Zegeer, C.V., Seiderman, C., Lagerwey, P., Cynecki, M., Ronkin, M., and Schneider, R. (March 2002). Pedestrian Facilities
Users Guide: Providing Safety and Mobility (FHWA-RD-01-102). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. |
P&B_043 |
1 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Zegeer, C.V., Stewart, J.R., Huang, H.H., and Lagerwey, P.A. (2001). Safety Effects of Marked vs. Unmarked Crosswalks at
Uncontrolled Locations, Executive Summary and Recommended Guidelines (FHWA-RD-01-075). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal
Highway Administration. |
P&B_044 |
7 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Harkley, D.L., and Zegeer, C.V. (September 2004). PEDSAFE: Pedestrian Safety Guide and Countermeasure Selection System
(FHWA-SA-04-003). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. |
P&B_045 |
|
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Knoblauch, R.L., Furst Seifert, R., and Barreva Murphy, N. (December 2004). The Pedestrian and Bicyclist Highway Safety
Problem as It Relates to the Hispanic Population in the United States. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway
Administration. |
P&B_046 |
29 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Vernez Moudon, A. and Hess, P.M. (January 2003). Pedestrian Safety and Transit Corridors (WA-RD-556.1). Washington
State Department of Transportation. |
P&B_047 |
|
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Landis, B.W., Petritsch, T.A., Huang, H.F., and Do., A. (September 2004). Characteristics of Emerging Road and Trail Users
and Their Safety (FHWAHRT-04-104). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. |
P&B_048 |
4 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Ernst, M. (November 2004) Mean Streets 2004: How Far Have We Come? Pedestrian Safety, 1994-2003. Surface
Transportation Policy Project. |
P&B_049 |
|
Yes |
|
|
Not Reviewed |
Table 5. References for Visibility section.
| VISIBILITY |
| Reference |
Reference Number |
Web Site |
Received? |
Copyright Permission? |
Permission Received |
Review
Status |
Barker, J.A., Neale, V.L., and Dingus, T.A. (1998). Improving the Conspicuity of Trailblazing Signs for Incident
Management (VTRC-98-CR36). Virginia Transportation Research Council. |
VIS_002 |
|
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Bible, R.C., and Johnson, N. (2002). "Retroreflective Material Specifications and On- Road Sign Performance."
Transportation Research Record 1801, p. 61.Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board, National Research Council. |
VIS_003 |
|
Yes |
Yes |
No |
Yes |
Bullough, J.D., Boyce, P.R., Bierman, A., Hunter, C.M., Conway, K.M., Nakata, A., and Figueriro, M.G. (2001). "Traffic
Signal Luminance and Visual Discomfort at Night."Transportation Research Record 1754, pp. 42-47.Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board,
National Research Council. |
VIS_004 |
24 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Carlson, P.J., and Hawkins, H.G., Jr. (December 2003). Minimum Retroreflectivity Levels for Overhead Guide Signs and
Street-Name Signs (FHWA-RD-03-082). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. |
VIS_005 |
5 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Carlson, P.J., and Hawkins, H.G., Jr. (July 2003). Updated Minimum Retroreflectivity Levels for Traffic Signs
(FHWA-RD-03-081). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. |
VIS_006 |
5 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Chrysler, S.T., Carlson, P.J., and Hawkins, H.G. (2002). Nighttime Legibility of Ground-Mounted Traffic Signs as a Function
of Font, Color, and Retroreflective Sheeting Type (FHWA/TX-03/1796-2). Texas Department of Transportation; U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal
Highway Administration. |
VIS_007 |
|
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Dhar, S., and Woodin, D.C. (1995). Fluorescent Strong Yellow-Green Signs for Pedestrian/School/Bicycle Crossings: Results of
a New York State Study(FHWA/NY/SR-95/121). Albany, NY: New York State Department of Transportation. |
VIS_008 |
25 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Finley, M.D., Carlson, P.J., Trout, N.D., and Jasek, D.L. (2002). Sign and Pavement Marking Visibility From the Perspective
of Commercial Vehicle Drivers(FHWA/TX-03/4269-1). Texas Department of Transportation; U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway
Administration. |
VIS_009 |
26 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Freedman, M., Flicker, L., Janoff, M.S., Schwab, R.N., and Staplin, L.K. (1997). Visibility Performance Requirements
for Vehicular Traffic Signals, Interim Report (NCHRP Project No. 5-15). Rockville, MD: Westat, Inc. |
VIS_010 |
|
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Garvey, P.M., and Mace, D.J., (1996). Changeable Message Sign Visibility (FHWARD-94-077). Washington, DC: U.S.
Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. |
VIS_011 |
|
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Garvey, P.M., Ramaswamy, C., Ghebrial, R., and De La Riva. (2004). Relative Visibility of Internally and Externally
Illuminated On-Premise Signs (Report No. PTI 2004-11). Pennsylvania Transportation Institute. |
VIS_012 |
|
|
|
|
Not Reviewed |
Gates, T.J., Hawkins, H.G., Chrysler, S.T., Carlson, P.J., and Holick, A.J. (2003). Traffic Operational Impacts of Higher
Conspicuity Sign (FHWA-TX-04/4271-1). Austin, TX: Texas Department of Transportation. |
VIS_013 |
27 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Graham, J.R., King, L.E., and Harrold, J. (1994). Determination of a Minimum Highway Pavement Marking Retroreflectivity
Value for Older Drivers (FHWA/NC/94-008). North Carolina Department of Transportation. |
VIS_014 |
|
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Grant, A.R., and Bloomfield, J.R. (September 1998). Guidelines for the Use of Raised Pavement Markers
(FHWA-RD-97-152). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. |
VIS_015 |
11 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Hawkins, H.G., Carlson, P.J., Schertz, G.F., and Opiela, K.S. (2003). Workshops on Nighttime Visibility of Traffic
Signs: Summary of Workshop Findings(FHWA-SA-03-002). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. |
VIS_016 |
6 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Hawkins, H.G., Wooldridge, M.D., Kelly, A.B., Picha, D.L, and Greene, F.K. (1999).Legibility Comparisons of Three
Freeway Guide Sign Alphabets (FHWA/TX-99/1276-1F). Texas Department of Transportation. |
VIS_017 |
|
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Holick, A.J., and Carlson, P.J. (2003). Nighttime Guide Sign Legibility for Microprismatic Clearview Legend on
High-Intensity Background(FHWA/TX-04/0-1796-4). Texas Department of Transportation; U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration.
|
VIS_018 |
|
|
|
|
Not Reviewed |
Jacobs, G.F., Hedblom, T., Bradshaw, T., Hodson, N., and Austin, R. (1995). "Detectability of Pavement Markings Under
Stationary and Dynamic Conditions as a Function of Retroreflective Brightness." Transportation Research Record 1495, pp. 68-76. Washington,
DC: Transportation Research Board, National Research Council. |
VIS_019 |
|
Yes |
Yes |
No |
Yes |
Jacobs, G., and Johnson, N. (1995). "Yellow Pavement Markings With Yellow Nighttime Color." Transportation
Research Record 1495, pp. 147-155.Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board, National Research Council. |
VIS_020 | |
|
|
|
Not Reviewed |
Kirk, A.R., Hunt, E.A., and Brooks, E.W. (2001). Factors Affecting Sign Retroreflectivity (OR-RD-01-09). Oregon
Department of Transportation Research Group. |
VIS_021 |
12 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Lewin, I., Box, P., and Stark, R.E. (May 2003). Roadway Lighting: An Investigation and Evaluation of Three Different
Light Sources (FHWA-AZ-03-522).Arizona Department of Transportation; U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. |
VIS_022 |
28 |
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Lindly, J.K., and Wijesundera, R.K. (2003). Evaluation of Profiled Pavement Markings. University of Alabama, Alabama
Department of Transportation. |
VIS_023 |
|
|
|
|
Not Reviewed |
Mace, D.J., Garvey, P.M., and Heckard, R.F. (1994). Relative Visibility of Increased Legend Size vs. Brighter Materials
for Traffic Signs (FHWA-RD-94-035).Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. |
VIS_024 |
|
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
McGee, H.W., and Paniati, J.F. (1998). An Implementation Guide for Minimum Retroreflectivity Requirements for Traffic
Signs (FHWA-RD-97-052).Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. |
VIS_025 |
|
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Migletz, J., Graham, J., Bauer, K., and Harwood, D. (1999). "Field Surveys of Pavement Marking Retroreflectivity."
Transportation Research Record 1657, pp. 71-78. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board, National Research Council. |
VIS_027 |
|
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Molino, J.A., Opielia, K.S., Anderson, C.K., and Moyer, M.J. (2003). "Relative Luminance of Retroreflective Raised Pavement
Markers and Pavement Marking Stripes on Simulated Rural Two-Lane Roads." Transportation Research Record 1844, p. 45. Washington, DC:
Transportation Research Board, National Research Council. |
VIS_028 |
|
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Neale, V.L., Anders, R.L., Schreiner, C.S., and Brich, S.C. (2001). Improvement of Conspicuity of Trailblazing Signs,
Phase 3: Evaluation of Fluorescent Colors(FHWA/VTRC-01-CR4). Virginia Transportation Research Council. |
VIS_029 |
|
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Pennak, S., Mace, D.J., Finkle, M. (1997).Visibility and Comprehension of Pedestrian Traffic Signals (FHWA-RD-96-1870).
Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. |
VIS_030 |
|
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Pietrucha, M., Hostetter, R., Staplin, L., and Obermeyer, M. (1996). Pavement Markings and Delineation for Older Drivers
(FHWA-RD-94-145). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. |
VIS_031 |
|
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
Zwahlen, H.T., and Schnell, T. (1996). "Visibility of New, Dashed Yellow and White Center Stripes as a Function of Material
Retroreflectivity." Transportation Research Record 1553, pp. 73-80. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board, National Research
Council. |
VIS_032 |
|
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Zwahlen, H.T., and Schnell, T. (1996Evaluation of Temporary Pavement Marking ). Systems for Resurfacing Zones
(FHWA/OH-96/015). Ohio State Department of Transportation. |
VIS_033 |
|
|
|
|
Not Reviewed |
Zwahlen, H., and Schnell, T. (1995). "Effects of Lateral Separation Between Double Center-Stripe Pavement Markings on
Visibility Under Nighttime Driving Conditions." Transportation Research Record 1495, pp. 87-98. Washington, DC: Transportation Research
Board, National Research Council. |
VIS_034 |
|
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Zwahlen, H., and Schnell, T. (1995). "Visibility of New Pavement Markings at Night Under Low-Beam Illumination."
Transportation Research Record 1495, pp. 117-127. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board, National Research Council. |
VIS_035 |
|
|
|
|
Not Reviewed |
Table 6. Status summary table.
| Category |
Total References |
Total to Review |
Received |
Permission Needed |
Permission Received |
Reviewed |
| Intersections |
46 |
37 |
37 |
4 |
3 |
37 |
| Speed Management |
16 |
13 |
13 |
0 |
0 |
13 |
| Pedestrian and Bicyclists |
46 |
36 |
36 |
1 |
1 |
36 |
| Visibility |
33 |
27 |
27 |
6 |
4 |
27 |
| Total |
141 |
113 |
113 |
11 |
8 |
113 |
Web Sites:
- http://www.tfhrc.gov/safety/pedbike/pedbike.htm
- http://www.tfhrc.gov/safety/intersect.htm
- http://www.tfhrc.gov/safety/ihsdm/libweb.htm
- https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/research/publications/technical/index.cfm
- http://www.trb.org/publications/nchrp/nchrp_rpt_500v12.pdf
- https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/bikeped/pedbiketrb2005.htm
- http://www.walkinginfo.org/rd/international.htm
- https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/tfhrc/safety/pubs/97152/ch03/ch03.html
- http://www.odot.state.or.us/taddresearch/retroreflectivity.pdf
- https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/bikeped/pedbiketrb2005.htm
- http://www.ite.org/traffic/tcstate.htm
- http://www.ibiblio.org/rdu/sl-irrel.html
- http://ntl.bts.gov/DOCS/EC.html
- https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/98154/index.cfm
- http://www.walkinginfo.org/pdf/FHWA/Ped_Safety_in_Native_America.pdf
- http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/departments/nrd-12/pubs_rev.html
- http://www.walkinginfo.org/survey2002.htm
- http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/departments/nrd-12/pubs_rev.html
- http://www.bikewalk.org/technical_assistance/case_studies.htm
- http://www.its.dot.gov/itsweb/EDL_webpages/webpages/SearchPages/Alpha_Search.cfm
- http://199.79.179.82/sundev/detail.cfm?ANNUMBER=00816453
- http://www.nysl.nysed.gov/scandoclinks/ocm34574385.htm
- http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/4269-1.pdf
- http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/4271-1.pdf
- http://www.dot.state.az.us/ABOUT/atrc/Publications/SPR/AZ522.pdf
- http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/ped_bike/ped/index.htm
- http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/speed_manage/docs/workshopreport.pdf
- http://ntl.bts.gov/DOCS/speed06.html
- https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/humanfac/94021.cfm
- https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/bikeped/web_pub.htm
- http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/people/injury/research/pub/HS809012.html
- http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/people/injury/olddrive/oldvoll/volltechdocumentation.html
FHWA-HRT-06-034
|
