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Report
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CHAPTER ONE: BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
RESEARCH OBJECTIVE
MAP-21
Development and Presentation of Cost-Effectiveness Estimates
PROJECT TYPES
CMAQ Funding by Project Type
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
Project Types with Strong Cost-Effectiveness
Project Types with Poor Cost-Effectiveness
Project Types with Variable Cost-Effectiveness
SUMMARY COST-EFFECTIVENESS ESTIMATES
PM
2.5
NOx
VOCs
CO.
PM
10
Congestion Impacts
CHAPTER TWO: ANALYTICAL APPROACH AND DETAILED RESULTS
INTRODUCTION.
GENERATION OF ANALYTICAL SCENARIOS
Data Sources
Scenario Generation
ANALYTICAL PROCESS
Model Inputs
Use of MOVES2010b
Assumptions and Limitations
ANALYTICAL RESULTS
Diesel Retrofits
Heavy-Duty Vehicle Engine Replacements
Truck Stop Electrification
Extreme-Temperature Cold-Start Technologies
Intelligent Transportation Systems/Intersection Improvements
Freight and Intermodal Projects
Transit Projects
Bicycle and Pedestrian Projects
Employee Transit Benefits
Roundabouts
Carsharing
Bikesharing
Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure
Incident Management
Dust Mitigation
Natural Gas Fueling Infrastructure
Ridesharing
REFERENCES AND DATA SOURCES
Figures
Figure 1. Median Cost-Effectiveness Estimates
Figure 2. Median Cost-Effectiveness Estimates (Cost per Ton Reduced) of PM
2.5
Emission Reductions
Figure 3. Median Cost-Effectiveness Estimates (Cost per Ton Reduced) of NOx Emission Reductions
Figure 4. Median Cost-Effectiveness Estimates (Cost per Ton Reduced) of VOC Emission Reductions
Figure 5. Median Cost-Effectiveness Estimates (Cost per Ton Reduced) of CO Emission Reductions
Figure 6. Chart. Median Cost-Effectiveness Estimates (Cost per Ton Reduced) of PM
10
Emission Reductions
Figure 7. Median and Mean Cost-Effectiveness Estimates (Cost per Vehicle-Hour of Delay Reduced) of Congestion Reductions
Tables
Table 1. Project Types with Strongest Estimated Cost-Effectiveness
Table 2. Key Inputs to Calculations of Cost-Effectiveness
Table 3. Examples of Project Life Periods for Project Evaluation
Table 4. Required Data Inputs and their Impacts in MOVES2010b
Table 5. Vehicle Types in MOVES2010b
Table 6. Sample Calculation of Emission Impacts of DPF Technology (Model Year 1999 Single-Unit Short-Haul Truck, Urban Arterials)
Table 7. Sample Calculation of Total Annual Emission Impacts of DPF Technology (Model Year 1999 Single-Unit Short-Haul Truck, Urban Arterials)
Table 8. Sample Calculation of Total Emission Impacts of DPF Technology (Model Year 1999 Single-Unit Short-Haul Truck, Urban Arterials)
Table 9. Sample Calculation of Cost-Effectiveness Estimates for DPF Technology (Model Year 1999 Single-Unit Short-Haul Truck, Urban Arterials)
Table 10. Sample Calculation of Annual Emission Impacts of DPF Technology (Model Year 1999 Crane, from DEQ)
Table 11. Sample Calculation of Total Emission Impacts of DPF Technology (Model Year 1999 Crane, from DEQ)
Table 12. Sample Calculation of Cost-Effectiveness Estimates for DPF Technology (Model Year 1999 Single-Unit Short-Haul Truck, Urban Arterials)
Table 13. Median Cost-Effectiveness Estimates (Dollars per Ton) Diesel Retrofits
Table 14. Sample Calculation of Annual CO and PM
2.5
Emission Rate Impacts of a School Bus Engine Replacement (Model Year 1999 Diesel Engine, Replaced with Model Year 2015 Engine, Traveling on Rural Roads)
Table 15. Sample Calculation of Annual CO and PM
2.5
Emission Impacts of a School Bus Engine Replacement (Model Year 1999 Diesel Engine, Replaced with Model Year 2015 Engine, Traveling on Rural Roads)
Table 16. Sample Calculation of Cost-Effectiveness Estimates for a School Bus Engine Replacement (Model Year 1999 Diesel Engine, Replaced with Model Year 2015 Engine, Traveling on Rural Roads)
Table 17. Median Cost-Effectiveness Estimates (Dollars per Ton) Heavy-Duty Vehicle Diesel Engine Replacements
Table 18. Sample Calculation of Annual Emission Impacts of a Truck Stop Electrification Project (Model Year 2000Fleet-Average Heavy-Duty Vehicle with Plug-In Technology, Urban Unrestricted Roads)
Table 19. Sample Calculation of Total Emission Impacts of a Truck Stop Electrification Project (Model Year 2000Fleet-Average Heavy-Duty Vehicle with Plug-In Technology, Urban Unrestricted Roads)
Table 20. Sample Calculation of Cost-Effectiveness Estimates for a Truck Stop Electrification Project (ModelYear 2000 Fleet-Average Heavy-Duty Vehicle with Plug-In Technology, Urban Unrestricted Roads)
Table 21. Median Cost-Effectiveness Estimates (Dollars per Ton) Truck Stop Electrification Projects
Table 22. Sample Calculation of Annual Emission Impacts of Block Heaters (Fleet-Average Passenger Vehicles, VehicleStarts at an Ambient Temperature of Zero Degrees Fahrenheit)
Table 23. Sample Calculation of TotalEmission Impacts of Block Heaters (Fleet-Average Passenger Vehicles, VehicleStarts at an Ambient Temperature of Zero Degrees Fahrenheit)
Table 24. Sample Calculation ofCost-Effectiveness Estimates for Block Heaters (Fleet-Average PassengerVehicles, Vehicle Starts at an Ambient Temperature of Zero Degrees Fahrenheit)
Table 25. Median Cost-EffectivenessEstimates (Dollars per Ton) Extreme-Temperature Cold-Start Technologies
Table 26. Sample Calculation ofEmission Rate Impacts from a Signalization Improvement (in Grams per Mile, from15 mph to 20 mph)
Table 27. Sample Calculation of AnnualEmission Impacts from a Signalization Improvement (from 15 mph to 20 mph)
Table 28. Sample Calculation ofProject Total Emission Impacts from a Signalization Improvement (from 15 mph to20 mph)
Table 29. Cost-EffectivenessEstimates, Signalization Improvement (in Dollars per Ton, from 15 mph to 20mph)
Table 30. Median Cost-EffectivenessEstimates (Dollars per Ton) Intelligent Transportation Systems/IntersectionImprovements
Table 31. Sample Calculation of AnnualEmission Impacts from a Barge Project (in Grams per Mile, Offloading TruckFreight to Barges, Average Truck Travel Speed of 25 mph)
Table 32. Sample Calculation of TotalEmission Impacts from a Barge Project (in Grams per Mile, Offloading TruckFreight to Barges, Average Truck Travel Speed of 25 mph)
Table 33. Cost-Effectiveness Estimatesfor a Barge Project (in Dollars per Ton, Offloading Truck Freight to Barges,Average Truck Travel Speed of 25 mph)
Table 34. Median Cost-Effectiveness Estimates(Dollars per Ton) Freight and Intermodal Projects
Table 35. Sample Calculation of AnnualEmission Impacts from a Park-and-Ride Project (in Grams per Mile, AverageLight-Duty-Vehicle Travel Speed of 35 mph)
Table 36. Sample Calculation of TotalEmission Impacts from a Park-and-Ride Project (in Grams per Mile, AverageLight-Duty-Vehicle Travel Speed of 35 mph)
Table 37. Sample Calculation ofCost-Effectiveness Estimates for a Park-and-Ride Project (in Grams per Mile,Average Light-Duty-Vehicle Travel Speed of 35 mph)
Table 38. Sample Calculation of AnnualEmission Impacts from a Transit Amenity Project (in Grams per Mile, AverageLight-Duty-Vehicle Travel Speed of 25 mph)
Table 39. Sample Calculation of TotalEmission Impacts from a Transit Amenity Project (in Grams per Mile, AverageLight-Duty-Vehicle Travel Speed of 25 mph)
Table 40. Sample Calculation ofCost-Effectiveness Estimates for a Transit Amenity Project (in Grams per Mile,Average Light-Duty-Vehicle Travel Speed of 25 mph)
Table 41. Sample Calculation of AnnualEmission Benefits from a New Bus Route (in Grams per Mile, Average VehicleTravel Speed of 25 mph)
Table 42. Sample Calculation of AnnualEmission Impacts from a New Bus Route (Average Vehicle Travel Speed of 25 mph)
Table 43. Sample Calculation of TotalEmission Impacts for a New Bus Route (Average Travel Speed of 25 mph)
Table 44. Cost-Effectiveness Estimatesfor a New Bus Route (in Dollars per Ton, Average Travel Speed of 25 mph)
Table 45. Sample Calculation of AnnualEmission Benefits from a Subsidized Transit Fare Project (Average Light-Duty-VehicleTravel Speed of 25 mph)
Table 46. Sample Calculation of TotalEmission Benefits from a Subsidized Transit Fare Project (AverageLight-Duty-Vehicle Travel Speed of 25 mph)
Table 47. Cost-EffectivenessEstimates for a Subsidized Transit Fare Project (in Dollars per Ton, AverageTravel Speed of 25 mph)
Table 48. Median Cost-EffectivenessEstimates (Dollars per Ton) Transit Projects
Table 49. Sample Calculation of AnnualEmission Impacts from a Bicycle-Pedestrian Path Project (AverageLight-Duty-Vehicle Travel Speed of 35 mph)
Table 50. Sample Calculation of TotalEmission Impacts from a Bicycle-Pedestrian Path Project (AverageLight-Duty-Vehicle Travel Speed of 35 mph)
Table 51. Cost-Effectiveness Estimatesfor a Bicycle-Pedestrian Path Project (in Dollars per Ton, AverageLight-Duty-Vehicle Travel Speed of 35 mph)
Table 52. Median Cost-EffectivenessEstimates (Dollars per Ton) Bicycle and Pedestrian Projects
Table 53. Sample Calculation of AnnualEmission Impacts from an Employee Transit Pass Project (AverageLight-Duty-Vehicle Travel Speed of 35 mph)
Table 54. Sample Calculation of TotalEmission Impacts from an Employee Transit Pass Project (AverageLight-Duty-Vehicle Travel Speed of 35 mph)
Table 55. Sample Calculation ofCost-Effectiveness Estimates for an Employee Transit Pass Project (Dollars perTon, Average Light-Duty-Vehicle Travel Speed of 35 mph)
Table 56. Median Cost-EffectivenessEstimates (Dollars per Ton) Employee Transit Benefits
Table 57. Sample Calculation of AnnualEmission Levels with and without a Roundabout Project (Average Travel Speeds of15 and 30 mph)
Table 58. Sample Calculation of AnnualEmission Benefits of a Roundabout Project (Average Travel Speeds of 15 and 30mph)
Table 59. Sample Calculation of TotalEmission Benefits of a Roundabout Project (Average Travel Speeds of 15 and 30mph)
Table 60. Sample Calculation ofCost-Effectiveness Estimates for a Roundabout Project (Average Travel Speeds of15 and 30 mph)
Table 61. Median Cost-EffectivenessEstimates (Dollars per Ton) Roundabouts
Table 62. Sample Calculation of AnnualEmission Benefits of a Carsharing Project (Average Travel Speed of 25 mph)
Table 63. Sample Calculation of TotalEmission Benefits of a Carsharing Project (Average Travel Speed of 25 mph)
Table 64. Sample Calculation ofCost-Effectiveness Estimates for a Carsharing Project (Average Travel Speed of25 mph)
Table 65. Median Cost-EffectivenessEstimates (Dollars per Ton) Carsharing
Table 66. Sample Calculation ofAnnual Emission Benefits of a Bikesharing Project (Average Travel Speed of 35mph)
Table 67. Sample Calculation of TotalEmission Benefits of a Bikesharing Project (Average Travel Speed of 35 mph)
Table 68. Sample Calculation ofCost-Effectiveness Estimates for a Bikesharing Project (Average Travel Speed of35 mph)
Table 69. Median Cost-EffectivenessEstimates (Dollars per Ton) Bikesharing
Table 70. Sample Calculation of AnnualEmission Benefits of an Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Project(Average Travel Speed of 35 mph)
Table 71. Sample Calculation of TotalEmission Benefits of an Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Project(Average Travel Speed of 35 mph)
Table 72. Sample Calculation ofCost-Effectiveness Estimates for an Electric Vehicle Charging InfrastructureProject (Average Travel Speed of 35 mph)
Table 73. Median Cost-EffectivenessEstimates (Dollars per Ton) Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure
Table 74. Sample Calculation of AnnualEmission Benefits of an Incident Management Project (Driving Time at Idle)
Table 75. Sample Calculation of TotalEmission Benefits of an Incident Management Project (Driving Time at Idle)
Table 76. Sample Calculation ofCost-Effectiveness Estimates for Incident Management Project (Driving Time atIdle)
Table 77. Median Cost-EffectivenessEstimates (Dollars per Ton) Incident Management
Table 78. Sample Calculation of AnnualEmission Benefit of a Street Sweeping Project
Table 79. Sample Calculation of TotalEmission Benefit of a Street Sweeping Project
Table 80. Sample Calculation ofCost-Effectiveness Estimate for a Street Sweeping Project
Table 81. Median Cost-EffectivenessEstimates (Dollars per Ton of PM
10
) Dust Mitigation
Table 82. Sample Calculation of AnnualEmission Benefit of a
Table 83. Sample Calculation of AnnualEmission Benefit of a
Table 84. Sample Calculation ofCost-Effectiveness Estimate for a
Table 85. Median Cost-EffectivenessEstimates (Dollars per Ton of PM
10
)
Table 86. Sample Calculation of AnnualEmission Benefits from a Vanpool Program (in Grams per Mile, Average VehicleTravel Speed of 35 mph)
Table 87. Sample Calculation of AnnualEmission Impacts from a Vanpool Program (Average Vehicle Travel Speed of 35mph)
Table 88. Sample Calculation of TotalEmission Impacts for a New Bus Route (Average Travel Speed of 25 mph)
Table 89. Cost-Effectiveness Estimatesfor a New Bus Route (in Dollars per Ton, Average Travel Speed of 25 mph)
Table 90. Median Cost-EffectivenessEstimates (Dollars per Ton of PM
10
) Ridesharing
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Updated: 7/27/2020
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