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Publication Number: FHWA-HRT-15-034 Date: June 2015

Publication Number: FHWA-HRT-15-034
Date: June 2015

Strength Characterization of Open-Graded Aggregates for Structural Backfills

APPENDIX A. RAW DATA

NO. 5

Figure 68. Photo. No. 5 aggregate sample

Table 24. No. 5 gradation.

Sieve No.	Sieve Size (inches)	Mass of Soil + Pan (g)	Mass of Pan (kg)	Mass of Soil (kg)	Percent Retained	Percent Passing
1.5	1.5	1,476	1,476	0	0.00	100.00
1	1	2,443.8	1,453	990.8	13.06	86.94
0.75	0.75	5,974.3	1,393.2	4,581.1	60.36	26.58
0.50	0.5	2,955.3	1,087.8	1,867.5	24.61	1.98
0.375	0.375	1,208.3	1,102.6	105.7	1.39	0.58
4	0.187	1,524.3	1,515	9.3	0.12	0.46
8	0.0937	1,129.2	1,129.2	0	0.00	0.46
16	0.0469	910.1	909.8	0.3	0.00	0.46
200	0.0029	930.7	916.4	14.3	0.19	0.27
Pan	-	690.2	669.8	20.4	0.27	0.00

Table 25. No. 5 density.

Sample	Minimum Density (pfc) ^{ASTM D4254}					Maximum Density (pcf) ^{ASTM D4253}
Sample	Test 1	Test 2	Test 3	Average	Standard Deviation	Test 1	Test 2	Average	Standard Deviation
No. 5	94.7	95.6	94.5	94.9	0.6	109.8	109.3	109.6	0.4

Table 26. No. 5 repose angle.

	Angle Finder						String Method			Average Repose Angle
Test	1	2	3	4	5	Average	Circumference (inches)	Angle	Average	Average Repose Angle
1	30	30	35	32	32	30.13	50	32.74	31.53	30.83
2	30	31	28	30	32		51.375	30.65
3	28	30	26	29	29		51	31.21

Table 27. No. 5 standard DS results.

Normal Stress (psi)	Max Shear (psi)	Peak Friction Angle (degree)	Max Dilation Angle (degree)
5.13	8.74	59.61	8.37
10.05	18.62	61.64	9.82
20.02	31.04	57.18	9.55
30.07	49.57	58.76	9.28

Table 28. No. 5 LSDS results-dry.

Normal Stress (psi)	Max Shear (psi)	Peak Friction Angle (degree)	Max Dilation Angle (degree)
5.59	17.30	72.10	21.48
11.27	30.53	69.74	16.58
22.72	40.45	60.68	10.42
34.17	50.55	55.94	7.41

Table 29. No. 5 LSDS results-saturated.

Normal Stress (psi)	Max Shear (psi)	Peak Friction Angle (degree)	Max Dilation Angle (degree)
5.69	12.17	64.93	15.86
11.10	24.91	65.99	14.75
22.36	34.62	57.15	10.92
34.24	56.10	58.60	9.46

Table 30. No. 5 LDTX results.

σ'₁ (psi)	σ'₃ (psi)	ϕ'_s (degree)	ψ_max (degree)
5.22	42.32	51.31	12.23
10.12	63.25	46.42	9.99
20.05	103.81	42.55	3.88
30.01	139.98	40.25	0.00

NO. 56

Figure 69. Photo. No. 56 aggregate sample

Table 31. No. 56 gradation.

Sieve No.	Sieve Size (inches)	Mass of Soil + Pan (g)	Mass of Pan (kg)	Mass of Soil (kg)	Percent Retained	Percent Passing
1.5	1.5	1,475.9	1,475.9	0	0.00	100.00
1	1	1,421	1,127.1	293.9	4.27	95.73
0.75	0.75	2,109.9	1,393.21	716.69	10.42	85.31
0.50	0.5	4,203.1	1,087.95	3,115.15	45.27	40.04
0.375	0.375	2,821.4	1,102.79	1,718.61	24.98	15.07
4	0.187	2,374.5	1,514.98	859.52	12.49	2.58
8	0.0937	1,253.2	1,129.04	124.16	1.80	0.77
16	0.0469	922.5	909.95	12.55	0.18	0.59
50	0.0117	749.9	741.69	8.21	0.12	0.47
200	0.0029	928.4	916.46	11.94	0.17	0.30
Pan	-	620.9	600.56	20.34	0.30	0.00

Table 32. No. 56 density.

Sample	Minimum Density (pfc) ^{ASTM D4254}					Maximum Density (pcf) ^{ASTM D4253}
Sample	Test 1	Test 2	Test 3	Average	Standard Deviation	Test 1	Test 2	Average	Standard Deviation
No. 56	100.4	100.4	101.8	100.9	0.8	108.5	99.1	103.8	6.6

Table 33. No. 56 repose angle.

Test	Angle Finder						String Method			Average Repose Angle
1	35	35	32	28	33	31.4	52.75	28.70	29.55	30.48
2	32	30	27	25	30		53	28.36
3	33	30	33	34	34		50.75	31.59

Table 34. No. 56 standard DS results.

Normal Stress (psi)	Max Shear (psi)	Peak Friction Angle (degree)	Peak Dilation Angle (degree)
5.43	12.81	67.03	19.94
10.05	22.17	65.61	17.10
20.24	34.26	59.43	12.85
30.14	50.04	58.94	13.28

Table 35. No. 56 LSDS results-dry.

Normal Stress (psi)	Max Shear (psi)	Peak Friction Angle (degree)	Peak Dilation Angle (degree)
5.54	9.97	60.94	14.96
10.72	17.91	59.10	12.05
22.03	35.91	58.47	10.49
33.04	50.52	56.82	9.94

Table 36. No. 56 LSDS results-saturated.

Normal Stress (psi)	Max Shear (psi)	Peak Friction Angle (degree)	Peak Dilation Angle (degree)
5.66	11.34	63.47	15.15
11.05	22.98	64.32	14.46
22.36	38.18	59.65	7.14
32.98	50.44	56.82	7.44

Table 37. No. 57 LDTX results.

σ'₁ (psi)	σ'₃ (psi)	ϕ'_s (degree)	ψ_max (degree)
34.59	5.21	47.58	11.73
65.42	10.23	46.85	9.95
110.50	20.05	43.86	6.46
146.86	30.12	41.27	2.63

NO. 57

Figure 70. Photo. No. 57 aggregate sample

Table 38. No. 57 gradation.

Sieve No.	Sieve Size (inches)	Mass of Soil + Pan (g)	Mass of Pan (kg)	Mass of Soil (kg)	Percent Retained	Percent Passing
1	1	1,127.1	1,127.1	0	0.00	100.00
0.75	0.75	2,311	1,393.4	917.6	12.09	87.91
0.50	0.5	5,052.1	1,087.8	3,964.3	52.22	35.69
0.375	0.375	2,739.5	1,102.7	1,636.8	21.56	14.13
4	0.187	2,308.8	1,514.8	794	10.46	3.67
8	0.0937	1,224.5	1,128.9	95.6	1.26	2.41
16	0.0469	981.1	909.8	71.3	0.94	1.47
200	0.0029	974.5	916.7	57.8	0.76	0.71
Pan	-	723.3	669.7	53.6	0.71	0.00

Table 39. No. 57 density.

Sample	Minimum Density (pfc) ^{ASTM D4254}					Maximum Density (pcf) ^{ASTM D4253}
Sample	Test 1	Test 2	Test 3	Average	Standard Deviation	Test 1	Test 2	Average	Standard Deviation
No. 57	95.1	96.0	95.1	95.4	0.5	108.1	109.3	108.7	0.8

Table 40. No. 57 repose angle.

Test	Angle Finder						String Method			Average Repose Angle
1	30	30	30	32	30	29.67	50.75	31.59	30.79	30.23
2	31	30	27	30	26		52	29.75
3	27	29	29	34	30		51.125	31.02

Table 41. No. 57 standard DS results.

Normal Stress (psi)	Max Shear (psi)	Peak Friction Angle (degree)	Peak Dilation Angle (degree)
5.74	12.59	65.48	28.11
10.29	16.88	58.64	16.79
20.51	37.50	61.33	18.10
29.73	52.45	60.45	13.06

Table 42. No. 57 LSDS results-dry.

Normal Stress (psi)	Max Shear (psi)	Peak Friction Angle (degree)	Peak Dilation Angle (degree)
5.49	17.55	72.62	15.36
10.81	21.19	62.96	13.15
22.23	40.21	61.07	9.93
33.22	47.19	54.85	6.28

Table 43. No. 57 LSDS results-saturated.

Normal Stress (psi)	Max Shear (psi)	Peak Friction Angle (degree)	Peak Dilation Angle (degree)
5.52	13.23	67.35	15.66
11.14	23.01	64.16	10.58
22.63	37.33	58.77	5.94
33.97	50.37	56.00	3.28

Table 44. No. 57 LDTX results.

σ'₁ (psi)	σ'₃ (psi)	ϕ'_s (degree)	ψ_max (degree)
37.09	5.11	49.28	12.15
61.16	10.21	45.55	10.17
114.64	20.15	44.51	7.03
152.52	30.12	42.08	4.35

NO. 6

Figure 71. Photo. No. 6 aggregate sample

Table 45. No. 6 gradation.

Sieve No.	Sieve Size (inches)	Mass of Soil + Pan (kg)	Mass of Pan (kg)	Mass of Soil (kg)	Percent Retained	Percent Passing
1	1	1,127.1	1,127.1	0	0.00	100.00
0.75	0.75	1,640.8	1,393.3	2,47.5	3.83	96.17
0.50	0.5	4,210.5	1,087.8	3,122.7	48.27	47.91
0.375	0.375	3,365	1,102.5	2,262.5	34.97	12.94
4	0.187	2,110.7	1,514.6	596.1	9.21	3.72
8	0.0937	1,207.1	1,129.1	78	1.21	2.52
200	0.0029	990.9	916.5	74.4	1.15	1.37
Pan	-	758	669.6	88.4	1.37	1.15

Table 46. No. 6 density.

Sample	Minimum Density (pfc) ^{ASTM D4254}					Maximum Density (pcf) ^{ASTM D4253}
Sample	Test 1	Test 2	Test 3	Average	Standard Deviation	Test 1	Test 2	Average	Standard Deviation
No. 6	100.8	100.8	101.3	101.0	0.3	116.3	104.2	110.3	8.6

Table 47. No. 6 repose angle.

Test	Angle Finder						String Method			Average Repose Angle
1	33	33	31	33	32	31.2	52.175	29.50	29.67	30.43
2	32	31	28	29	30		52	29.75
3	31	35	36	25	29		52	29.75

Table 48. No. 6 standard DS results.

Normal Stress (psi)	Max Shear (psi)	Peak Friction Angle (degree)	Peak Dilation Angle (degree)
5.134	11.86186	66.60	7.00
10.13	20.50297	63.71	7.20
20.14	38.43	62.34	10.68
30.13	53.4429	60.59	9.22

Table 49. No. 6 LSDS results-dry.

Normal Stress (psi)	Max Shear (psi)	Peak Friction Angle (degree)	Peak Dilation Angle (degree)
5.36	13.16	67.83	19.30
11.13	21.42	62.54	14.28
21.18	40.18	62.21	15.57
33.10	53.92	58.45	11.45

Table 50. No. 6 LSDS results-saturated.

Normal Stress (psi)	Max Shear (psi)	Peak Friction Angle (degree)	Peak Dilation Angle (degree)
5.35	15.00	70.36	17.30
10.78	20.17	61.88	15.83
21.58	38.40	60.67	11.26
32.57	56.84	60.19	8.28

Table 51. No. 6 LDTX results.

σ'₁ (psi)	σ'₃ (psi)	ϕ'_s (degree)	ψ_max (degree)
29.43	5.13	44.66	9.74
51.71	10.09	42.33	9.12
90.16	20.04	39.52	3.71
127.48	30.05	38.21	1.97

NO. 67

Figure 72. Photo. No. 67 aggregate sample

Table 52. No. 67 gradation.

Sieve No.	Sieve Size (inches)	Mass of Soil + Pan (g)	Mass of Pan (kg)	Mass of Soil (kg)	Percent Retained	Percent Passing
1	1	1,127.1	1,127.1	0	0.00	100.00
0.75	0.75	1,622.1	1,393.3	228.8	3.09	96.91
0.50	0.5	3,356.9	1,087.8	2269.1	30.67	66.24
0.375	0.375	2,783.2	1,102.7	1680.5	22.71	43.52
4	0.187	4,442.4	1,514.9	2927.5	39.57	3.96
8	0.0937	1,345.1	1,128.9	216.2	2.92	1.03
16	0.0469	914.2	909.9	4.3	0.06	0.98
50	0.0117	745	741.6	3.4	0.05	0.93
200	0.0029	928.6	916.7	11.9	0.16	0.77
Pan	-	726.6	669.7	56.9	0.77	0.00

Table 53. No. 67 density.

Sample	Minimum Density (pfc) ^{ASTM D4254}					Maximum Density (pcf) ^{ASTM D4253}
Sample	Test 1	Test 2	Test 3	Average	Standard Deviation	Test 1	Test 2	Average	Standard Deviation
No. 67	105.8	107.7	105.1	106.2	1.3	122.9	125.2	124.1	1.6

Table 54. No. 67 repose angle.

Test	Angle Finder						String Method			Average Repose Angle
1	28	27	28	29	29	27.6	52.25	29.40	28.38	27.99
2	29	27	29	30	26		52.75	28.70
3	27	27	25	26	27		54	27.04

Table 55. No. 67 standard DS results.

Normal Stress (psi)	Max Shear (psi)	Peak Friction Angle (degree)	Peak Dilation Angle (degree)
5.311	15.2042	70.75	14.72
10.25	28.5173	70.23	16.62
20.04	49.13	67.81	11.65
30.25	65.2277	65.12	10.30

Table 56. No. 67 LSDS results-dry.

Normal Stress (psi)	Max Shear (psi)	Peak Friction Angle (degree)	Peak Dilation Angle (degree)
5.34	10.93	63.94	17.39
10.73	20.05	61.84	11.90
21.97	34.77	57.71	9.15
32.41	47.48	55.68	8.03

Table 57. No. 67 LSDS results-saturated.

Normal Stress (psi)	Max Shear (psi)	Peak Friction Angle (degree)	Peak Dilation Angle (degree)
5.41	11.03	63.89	15.34
10.89	22.87	64.55	12.69
21.84	37.99	60.10	11.11
33.29	55.53	59.06	7.41

Table 58. No. 67 LDTX results.

σ'₁ (psi)	σ'₃ (psi)	ϕ'_s (degree)	ψ_max (degree)
32.13	5.13	46.42	11.02
57.28	10.28	44.09	8.50
100.00	20.05	41.76	5.70
142.31	30.05	40.64	4.61

NO. 68

Figure 73. Photo. No. 68 aggregate sample

Table 59. No. 68 gradation.

Sieve No.	Sieve Size (inches)	Mass of Soil + Pan (g)	Mass of Pan (kg)	Mass of Soil (kg)	Percent Retained	Percent Passing
0.75	0.75	1,393.4	1,393.4	0	0.00	100.00
0.50	0.5	2,943.3	1,088	1,855.3	31.56	68.44
0.375	0.375	2,818.9	1,102.7	1,716.2	29.19	39.25
4	0.187	3,387.1	1,514.8	1,872.3	31.85	7.40
8	0.0937	1,446.8	1,128.9	317.9	5.41	2.00
16	0.0469	938.5	909.8	28.7	0.49	1.51
50	0.0117	741.6	741.6	0	0.00	1.51
200	0.0029	949.7	918.2	31.5	0.54	0.97
Pan	-	727.1	670	57.1	0.97	0.00

Table 60. No. 68 density.

Sample	Minimum Density (pfc) ^{ASTM D4254}					Maximum Density (pcf) ^{ASTM D4253}
Sample	Test 1	Test 2	Test 3	Average	Standard Deviation	Test 1	Test 2	Average	Standard Deviation
No. 68	98.1	96.2	96.4	96.9	1.0	116.6	115.1	115.9	1.1

Table 61. No. 68 repose angle.

Test	Angle Finder						String Method			Average Repose Angle
1	31	36	30	32	32	31.27	52.125	29.57	29.46	30.36
2	33	30	33	29	33		52	29.75
3	29	32	31	28	30		52.5	29.05

Table 62. No. 68 standard DS results.

Normal Stress (psi)	Max Shear (psi)	Peak Friction Angle (degree)	Peak Dilation Angle (degree)
5.456	13.60408	68.15	19.20
10.2	22.662	65.77	13.91
20.04	32.53	58.36	9.67
30.3	44.2085	55.57	9.52

Table 63. No. 68 LSDS results-dry.

Normal Stress (psi)	Max Shear (psi)	Peak Friction Angle (degree)	Peak Dilation Angle (degree)
5.48	9.85	60.90	13.05
10.95	19.70	60.92	10.19
22.90	27.71	50.42	3.51
32.98	41.90	51.79	4.04

Table 64. No. 68 LSDS results-saturated.

Normal Stress (psi)	Max Shear (psi)	Peak Friction Angle (degree)	Peak Dilation Angle (degree)
5.39	8.82	58.56	13.82
11.08	15.59	54.59	7.37
22.55	24.78	47.69	1.44
32.92	41.37	51.49	3.05

Table 65. No. 68 LDTX results.

σ'₁ (psi)	σ'₃ (psi)	ϕ'_s (degree)	ψ_max (degree)
29.73	5.20	44.61	8.64
52.60	10.16	42.54	5.95
90.90	20.04	39.70	1.34
135.42	30.01	39.58	1.25

NO. 7

Figure 74. Photo. No. 7 aggregate sample

Table 66. No. 7 gradation.

Sieve No.	Sieve Size (inches)	Mass of Soil + Pan (kg)	Mass of Pan (kg)	Mass of Soil (kg)	Percent Retained	Percent Passing
0.75	0.75	1,393.3	1,393.3	0	0.00	100.00
0.50	0.5	1,398.8	1,087.8	311	5.28	94.72
0.375	0.375	3,408.1	1,102.6	2,305.5	39.17	55.55
4	0.187	4,180.3	1,514.7	2,665.6	45.28	10.26
8	0.0937	1,545.1	1,128.9	416.2	7.07	3.19
200	0.0029	1,014.3	916.4	97.9	1.66	1.53
Pan	-	759.9	669.8	90.1	1.53	1.66

Table 67. No. 7 density.

Sample	Minimum Density (pfc) ^{ASTM D4254}					Maximum Density (pcf) ^{ASTM D4253}
Sample	Test 1	Test 2	Test 3	Average	Standard Deviation	Test 1	Test 2	Average	Standard Deviation
No. 7	102.6	103.6	103.7	103.3	0.6	120.4	121.3	120.9	0.6

Table 68. No. 7 repose angle.

Test	Angle Finder						String Method			Average Repose Angle
1	29	28	28	32	25	29.3333	53.5	27.69	27.94	28.63
2	30	27	30	29	30		54.25	26.72
3	33	31	31	29	28		52.25	29.40

Table 69. No. 7 standard DS results.

Normal Stress (psi)	Max Shear (psi)	Peak Friction Angle (degree)	Peak Dilation Angle (degree)
5.81	15.9929	70.03	30.05
10.33	28.7211	70.22	18.61
20.26	39.15	62.64	17.03
30.63	60.6459	63.20	21.99

Table 70. No. 7 LSDS results-dry.

Normal Stress (psi)	Max Shear (psi)	Peak Friction Angle (degree)	Peak Dilation Angle (degree)
5.36	10.63	63.25	18.21
10.74	20.47	62.32	14.72
21.70	36.67	59.39	11.22
32.85	48.62	55.95	7.88

Table 71. No. 7 LSDS results-saturated.

Normal Stress (psi)	Max Shear (psi)	Peak Friction Angle (degree)	Peak Dilation Angle (degree)
5.30	10.03	62.15	16.88
10.62	18.37	59.98	12.80
21.41	33.41	57.34	8.48
32.98	41.58	51.58	4.39

Table 72. No. 7 LDTX results.

σ'₁ (psi)	σ'₃ (psi)	ϕ'_s (degree)	ψ_max (degree)
33.09	5.23	46.65	13.58
55.98	10.17	43.82	10.12
101.23	20.25	41.80	6.73
139.31	30.19	40.08	4.45

NO. 78

Figure 75. Photo. No. 78 aggregate sample

Table 73. No. 78 gradation.

Sieve No.	Sieve Size (inches)	Mass of Soil + Pan (g)	Mass of Pan (kg)	Mass of Soil (kg)	Percent Retained	Percent Passing
0.75	0.75	0	1,393.3	0	0.00	100.00
0.50	0.5	1,096.3	1,087.9	8.4	0.12	99.88
0.375	0.375	2,791.8	1,102.7	1,689.1	24.07	75.81
4	0.187	6,401.5	1,515	4,886.5	69.63	6.18
8	0.0937	1,503.8	1,129	374.8	5.34	0.84
16	0.0469	929.6	910.2	19.4	0.28	0.57
50	0.0117	747.6	741.5	6.1	0.09	0.48
100	0.0059	814.6	809.4	5.2	0.07	0.41
200	0.0029	923.1	916.4	6.7	0.10	0.31
Pan	-	691.6	669.8	21.8	0.31	0.00

Table 74. No. 78 density.

Sample	Minimum Density (pfc) ^{ASTM D4254}					Maximum Density (pcf) ^{ASTM D4253}
Sample	Test 1	Test 2	Test 3	Average	Standard Deviation	Test 1	Test 2	Average	Standard Deviation
No. 78	93.2	92.5	91.2	92.3	1.0	110.1	109.1	109.6	0.7

Table 75. No. 78 repose angle.

Test	Angle Finder						String Method			Average Repose Angle
1	33	33	30	35	31	33.6	50.75	31.59	32.62	33.11
2	34	34	35	30	33		50	32.74
3	36	34	35	36	35		49.5	33.53

Table 76. No. 78 standard DS results.

Normal Stress (psi)	Max Shear (psi)	Peak Friction Angle (degree)	Peak Dilation Angle (degree)
5.608	16.1631	70.87	21.60
10.53	26.6066	68.41	17.87
20.37	42.82	64.56	11.81
30.26	56.4644	61.81	10.87

Table 77. No. 78 LSDS results-dry.

Normal Stress (psi)	Max Shear (psi)	Peak Friction Angle (degree)	Peak Dilation Angle (degree)
5.48	8.77	58.00	12.38
10.78	17.36	58.17	8.49
21.49	30.29	54.65	6.77
32.62	42.35	52.39	7.41

Table 78. No. 78 LSDS results-saturated.

Normal Stress (psi)	Max Shear (psi)	Peak Friction Angle (degree)	Peak Dilation Angle (degree)
5.40	8.43	57.32	9.42
10.98	15.81	55.22	6.07
21.99	24.90	48.56	3.02
32.77	36.55	48.12	1.93

Table 79. No. 78 LDTX results.

σ'₁ (psi)	σ'₃ (psi)	ϕ'_s (degree)	ψ_max (degree)
32.44	5.16	46.49	8.31
54.01	10.15	43.13	5.38
92.61	20.02	40.13	0.84
123.08	29.94	37.49	0.00

NO. 8A (DEFIANCE)

Figure 76. Photo. No. 8A aggregate sample

Table 80. No. 8A gradation.

Sieve No.	Sieve Size (inches)	Mass of Soil + Pan (g)	Mass of Pan (kg)	Mass of Soil (kg)	Percent Retained	Percent Passing
0.50	0.5	0	1,087.9	0	0.00	100.00
0.375	0.375	1,314.4	1,102.7	211.7	3.01	96.99
4	0.187	6,469.6	1515	4,954.6	70.49	26.50
8	0.0937	2,666.2	1129	1,537.2	21.87	4.63
16	0.0469	1,105.3	910.2	195.1	2.78	1.85
50	0.0117	807.6	741.5	66.1	0.94	0.91
100	0.0059	820.1	809.4	10.7	0.15	0.76
200	0.0029	924.1	916.4	7.7	0.11	0.65
Pan	-	715.4	669.8	45.6	0.65	0.00

Table 81. No. 8A density.

Sample	Minimum Density (pfc) ^{ASTM D4254}					Maximum Density (pcf) ^{ASTM D4253}
Sample	Test 1	Test 2	Test 3	Average	Standard Deviation	Test 1	Test 2	Average	Standard Deviation
No. 8A	86.2	85.3	85.7	85.7	0.5	101.3	101.3	101.3	0.0

Table 82. No. 8A repose angle.

Test	Angle Finder						String Method			Average Repose Angle
1	30	32	30	30	32	31.1333	51.5	30.47	30.78	30.96
2	32	34	31	32	33		51.25	30.84
3	30	30	30	31	30		51.125	31.02

Table 83. No. 8A standard DS results.

Normal Stress (psi)	Max Shear (psi)	Peak Friction Angle (degree)	Peak Dilation Angle (degree)
5.41	10.77703	63.34	17.97
10.50	21.74814	64.23	20.87
20.56	38.72	62.03	19.89
30.4	47.9136	57.61	15.47

Table 84. No. 8A LSDS results-dry.

Normal Stress (psi)	Max Shear (psi)	Peak Friction Angle (degree)	Peak Dilation Angle (degree)
5.31	9.51	60.84	12.96
10.76	19.06	60.57	11.65
21.40	30.53	54.97	6.35
32.40	45.65	54.64	5.63

Table 85. No. 8A LSDS results-saturated.

Normal Stress (psi)	Max Shear (psi)	Peak Friction Angle (degree)	Peak Dilation Angle (degree)
5.36	10.08	61.98	11.06
10.89	14.32	52.74	5.58
21.71	26.68	50.87	1.70
33.16	39.28	49.83	1.93

NO. 8B (STAUNTON LIME)

Figure 77. Photo. No. 8B aggregate sample

Table 86. No. 8B gradation.

Sieve No.	Sieve Size (inches)	Mass of Soil + Pan (g)	Mass of Pan (g)	Mass of Soil (g)	Percent Retained	Percent Passing
0.75	0.75	1,189.4	1,189.4	0	0.00	100.00
0.50	0.5	1,398.1	1,386.4	11.7	0.19	99.81
0.375	0.375	2,101.9	1,171.1	930.8	14.93	84.88
4	0.187	5,961.1	1,514.5	4,446.6	71.32	13.56
8	0.0937	1,774.1	1,041.7	732.4	11.75	1.82
16	0.0469	945.9	910.6	35.3	0.57	1.25
50	0.0117	811.9	799	12.9	0.21	1.04
100	0.0059	747.5	743	4.5	0.07	0.97
200	0.0029	745.6	737.4	8.2	0.13	0.84
Pan	-	739.9	687.6	52.3	0.84	0.00

Table 87. No. 8B LSDS results-dry.

Normal Stress (psi)	Max Shear (psi)	Peak Friction Angle (degree)	Peak Dilation Angle (degree)
5.55	7.73	54.35	8.50
11.18	13.84	51.06	4.20
22.15	26.53	50.14	2.53
34.09	34.26	45.14	1.08

Table 88. No. 8B LSDS results-saturated.

Normal Stress (psi)	Max Shear (psi)	Peak Friction Angle (degree)	Peak Dilation Angle (degree)
5.55	8.63	57.26	8.99
11.08	15.25	54.00	4.80
22.86	23.60	45.91	1.00
34.02	34.78	45.64	0.00

No. 8C (FRAZIER)

Figure 78. Photo. No. 8C aggregate sample

Table 89. No. 8C gradation.

Sieve No.	Sieve Size (inches)	Mass of Soil + Pan (g)	Mass of Pan (kg)	Mass of Soil (kg)	Percent Retained	Percent Passing
0.75	0.75	1,189.4	1,189.4	0	0.00	100.00
0.50	0.5	1,386.4	1,386.4	0	0.00	100.00
0.375	0.375	1,783.6	1,171.1	612.5	9.70	90.30
4	0.187	6,838	1,514.5	5,323.5	84.32	5.98
8	0.0937	1,355.2	1,041.7	313.5	4.97	1.02
16	0.0469	919.4	910.6	8.8	0.14	0.88
50	0.0117	801.9	799	2.9	0.05	0.83
100	0.0059	745.2	743	2.2	0.03	0.80
200	0.0029	743.5	737.5	6	0.10	0.70
Pan	-	750.4	669.8	80.6	0.88	0.00

Table 90. No. 8C LSDS results-dry.

Normal Stress (psi)	Max Shear (psi)	Peak Friction Angle (degree)	Peak Dilation Angle (degree)
5.45	10.16	61.77	12.35
10.94	17.93	58.60	9.90
22.07	33.96	56.98	7.29
34.30	42.03	50.79	3.85

Table 91. No. 8C LSDS results-saturated.

Normal Stress (psi)	Max Shear (psi)	Peak Friction Angle (degree)	Peak Dilation Angle (degree)
5.43	9.38	59.93	11.19
11.11	13.75	51.06	3.83
22.78	25.91	48.68	1.91
34.06	34.42	45.30	0.00

NO. 8D (VULCAN MATERIALS)

Figure 79. Photo. No. 8D aggregate sample

Table 92. No. 8D gradation.

Sieve No.	Sieve Size (inches)	Mass of Soil + Pan (g)	Mass of Pan (g)	Mass of Soil (g)	Percent Retained	Percent Passing
0.50	0.5	1,386.4	1,386.4	0	0.00	100.00
0.375	0.375	1,550	1,171.1	378.9	5.97	94.03
4	0.187	6,416.4	1,514.5	4,901.9	77.18	16.86
8	0.0937	1,989.2	1,041.8	947.4	14.92	1.94
16	0.0469	973.6	910.6	63	0.99	0.95
50	0.0117	817.7	798.9	18.8	0.30	0.65
100	0.0059	747.3	742.9	4.4	0.07	0.58
200	0.0029	750.4	737.6	12.8	0.20	0.38
Pan	-	711.8	687.6	24.2	0.38	0.00

Table 93. No. 8D LSDS results-dry.

Normal Stress (psi)	Max Shear (psi)	Peak Friction Angle (degree)	Peak Dilation Angle (degree)
5.46	10.22	61.87	10.51
11.43	15.43	53.48	6.23
23.03	25.72	48.16	1.20
35.28	33.10	43.17	0.00

Table 94. No. 8D LSDS results-saturated.

Normal Stress (psi)	Max Shear (psi)	Peak Friction Angle (degree)	Peak Dilation Angle (degree)
5.57	8.28	56.08	7.33
12.37	13.99	48.51	3.81
23.99	22.48	43.15	0.00
36.24	31.96	41.41	0.00

NO. 8E (LUCK STONE)

Figure 80. Photo. No. 8E aggregate sample

Table 95. No. 8E gradation.

Sieve No.	Sieve Size (inches)	Mass of Soil + Pan (g)	Mass of Pan (kg)	Mass of Soil (kg)	Percent Retained	Percent Passing
1	1	1,127.1	1,127.1	0	0.00	100.00
0.50	0.5	1,116.5	1,087.7	28.8	0.31	99.69
0.375	0.375	3,832	1,102.6	2,729.4	29.83	69.86
4	0.187	6,694.3	1,013.8	5,680.5	62.08	7.78
8	0.0937	1,688.5	1,128.7	559.8	6.12	1.66
10	0.079	1,398.7	1,374	24.7	0.27	1.39
16	0.0469	935	909.7	25.3	0.28	1.11
40	0.0165	810	793.1	16.9	0.18	0.93
50	0.0117	746.2	741.8	4.4	0.05	0.88
Pan	-	750.4	669.8	80.6	0.88	0.00

Table 96. No. 8E density.

Sample	Minimum Density (pfc) ^{ASTM D4254}					Maximum Density (pcf) ^{ASTM D4253}
Sample	Test 1	Test 2	Test 3	Average	Standard. Deviation.	Test 1	Test 2	Average	Standard Deviation
No. 8E	97.3	98.4	97.9	97.9	0.6	111.1	114.5	112.8	2.4

Table 97. No. 8E LSDS results-dry.

Normal Stress (psi)	Max Shear (psi)	Peak Friction Angle (degree)	Peak Dilation Angle (degree)
5.38	15.22	70.53	17.80
10.86	26.73	67.90	12.40
21.62	39.89	61.55	10.04
33.51	52.55	57.47	6.51

Table 98. No. 8E LSDS results-saturated.

Normal Stress (psi)	Max Shear (psi)	Peak Friction Angle (degree)	Peak Dilation Angle (degree)
5.46	11.00	63.59	16.46
10.89	18.57	59.60	12.66
22.07	35.24	57.94	9.89
33.38	39.74	49.97	4.47

Table 99. No. 8E LDTX results.

σ'₁ (psi)	σ'₃ (psi)	ϕ'_s (degree)	ψ_max (degree)
40.70	5.43	49.86	15.89
69.68	10.44	47.68	13.24
121.65	20.30	45.56	9.28
154.29	30.20	42.27	5.20

NO. 89

Figure 81. Photo. No. 89 aggregate sample

Table 100. No. 89 gradation.

Sieve No.	Sieve Size (inches)	Mass of Soil + Pan (g)	Mass of Pan (kg)	Mass of Soil (kg)	Percent Retained	Percent Passing
0.75	0.75	0	1,393.2	0	0.00	100.00
0.50	0.5	1,092.6	1,087.8	4.8	0.08	99.92
0.375	0.375	1,280.5	1,102.7	177.8	2.93	96.99
4	0.187	4,543.2	1,514.7	3,028.5	49.98	47.01
8	0.0937	3,313.7	1,128.8	2,184.9	36.06	10.95
16	0.0469	1,312.3	909.7	402.6	6.64	4.31
50	0.0117	882	741.5	140.5	2.32	1.99
200	0.0029	937.9	916.4	21.5	0.35	1.63
Pan	-	768.7	669.8	98.9	1.63	0.00

Table 101. No. 89 density.

Sample	Minimum Density (pfc) ^{ASTM D4254}					Maximum Density (pcf) ^{ASTM D4253}
Sample	Test 1	Test 2	Test 3	Average	Standard Deviation	Test 1	Test 2	Average	Standard Deviation
No. 89	88.9	89.5	86.8	88.4	1.4	107.0	109.4	108.2	1.7

Table 102. No. 89 repose angle.

Test	Angle Finder						String Method			Average Repose Angle
1	32	30	29	30	31	29.87	51	31.21	31.60	30.73
2	27	29	30	30	30		50	32.74
3	29	31	30	29	31		51.25	30.84

Table 103. No. 89 standard DS results.

Normal Stress (psi)	Max Shear (psi)	Peak Friction Angle (degree)	Peak Dilation Angle (degree)
5.57	16.6604	71.51	20.87
10.4	19.9907	62.51	13.52
20.24	36.06	60.69	15.63
30.13	53.6784	60.69	11.91

Table 104. No. 89 LSDS results-dry.

Normal Stress (psi)	Max Shear (psi)	Peak Friction Angle (degree)	Peak Dilation Angle (degree)
5.35	11.20	64.46	17.62
10.78	15.51	55.21	8.95
21.42	28.76	53.32	6.11
32.68	37.40	48.86	3.85

Table 105. No. 89 LSDS results-saturated.

Normal Stress (psi)	Max Shear (psi)	Peak Friction Angle (degree)	Peak Dilation Angle (degree)
5.35	11.83	65.69	13.19
10.74	15.13	54.62	6.30
21.73	27.74	51.92	3.66
33.43	35.40	46.64	0.62

Table 106. No. 89 LDTX results.

σ'₁ (psi)	σ'₃ (psi)	ϕ'_s (degree)	ψ_max (degree)
36.41	5.32	48.17	13.39
64.16	10.29	46.34	10.24
107.05	20.05	43.19	4.45
141.61	30.00	40.57	0.67

NO. 9

Figure 82. Photo. No. 9 aggregate sample

Table 107. No. 9 gradation.

Sieve No.	Sieve Size (inches)	Mass of Soil + Pan (g)	Mass of Pan (kg)	Mass of Soil (kg)	Percent Retained	Percent Passing
0.375	0.375	0	1,102.79	0	0.00	100.00
4	0.187	1,785.33	1,514.98	270.35	5.78	94.22
8	0.0937	4,236.2	1,129.04	3,107.16	66.47	27.75
16	0.0469	1,791.1	909.95	881.15	18.85	8.90
50	0.0117	986.6	741.69	2,44.91	5.24	3.66
100	0.0059	830	809.4	20.6	0.44	3.22
200	0.0029	934.9	916.46	18.44	0.39	2.82
Pan	-	732.6	600.56	132.04	2.82	0.00

Table 108. No. 9 density.

Sample	Minimum Density (pfc) ^{ASTM D4254}					Maximum Density (pcf) ^{ASTM D4253}
Sample	Test 1	Test 2	Test 3	Average	Standard Deviation	Test 1	Test 2	Average	Standard Deviation
No. 9	93.4	90.9	92.6	92.3	1.3	113.0	108.3	110.7	3.3

Table 109. No. 9 repose angle.

Test	Angle Finder						String Method			Average Repose Angle
1	29	26	24	26	27	26.8	53.75	27.36	27.82	27.31
2	25	26	28	28	31		52.5	29.05
3	26	26	25	27	28		54	27.04

Table 110. No. 9 standard DS results.

Normal Stress (psi)	Max Shear (psi)	Peak Friction Angle (degree)	Peak Dilation Angle (degree)
5.323	12.13962	66.32	1.53
10.08	17.8952	60.61	15.62
20.08	31.37	57.38	13.53
30.17	46.6205	57.09	11.82

Table 111. No. 9 LSDS results-dry.

Normal Stress (psi)	Max Shear (psi)	Peak Friction Angle (degree)	Peak Dilation Angle (degree)
5.35	9.73	61.22	13.64
10.66	17.70	58.93	10.38
21.57	31.97	55.99	5.82
32.60	42.84	52.73	4.73

Table 112. No. 9 LSDS results-saturated.

Normal Stress (psi)	Max Shear (psi)	Peak Friction Angle (degree)	Peak Dilation Angle (degree)
5.26	8.39	57.93	12.08
10.76	13.05	50.49	5.58
21.54	25.38	49.69	2.71
32.53	32.98	45.40	0.61

Table 113. No. 9 LDTX results.

σ'₁ (psi)	σ'₃ (psi)	ϕ'_s (degree)	ψ_max (degree)
27.85	5.20	43.27	8.03
49.83	10.14	41.44	4.22
91.75	20.03	39.92	0.86
134.13	30.01	39.37	0

NO. 10

Figure 83. Photo. No. 10 aggregate sample

Table 114. No. 10 gradation.

Sieve No.	Sieve Size (inches)	Mass of Soil + Pan (g)	Mass of Pan (kg)	Mass of Soil (kg)	Percent Retained	Percent Passing
0.375	0.375	0	1,102.6	0	0.00	100.00
4	0.187	1,560.7	1,514.9	45.8	1.04	98.96
8	0.0937	1,821.7	1,128.9	692.8	15.78	83.18
16	0.0469	1,798.3	909.8	888.5	20.23	62.95
50	0.0117	2,022.6	741.5	1,281.1	29.17	33.78
100	0.0059	1,464.5	809.4	655.1	14.92	18.86
200	0.0029	1,267.7	916.4	351.3	8.00	10.86
Pan	-	1,146.6	669.8	476.8	10.86	0.00

Table 115. No. 10 density.

Sample	Minimum Density (pfc) ^{ASTM D4254}					Maximum Density (pcf) ^{ASTM D4253}
Sample	Test 1	Test 2	Test 3	Average	Standard Deviation	Test 1	Test 2	Average	Standard Deviation
No. 10	114.9	116.4	116.0	115.8	0.8	146.4	146.2	146.3	0.1

Table 116. No. 10 repose angle.

Test	Angle Finder						String Method			Average Repose Angle
1	32	30	28	28	31	27.4	54	27.04	25.32	26.36
2	28	25	28	26	25		55.625	25.03
3	26	24	28	27	25		56.625	23.88

Table 117. No. 10 standard DS results.

Normal Stress (psi)	Max Shear (psi)	Peak Friction Angle (degree)	Peak Dilation Angle (degree)
5.399	10.24149	62.20	15.86
10.28	16.7196	58.41	14.18
20.4	30.12	55.89	14.15
30.14	42.6877	54.78	10.35

Table 118. No. 10 LSDS results-dry.

Normal Stress (psi)	Max Shear (psi)	Peak Friction Angle (degree)	Peak Dilation Angle (degree)
5.32	7.89	56.01	10.29
10.50	13.79	52.70	9.33
21.63	23.32	47.15	4.43
32.88	33.93	45.90	1.87

Table 119. No. 10 LSDS results-saturated.

Normal Stress (psi)	Max Shear (psi)	Peak Friction Angle (degree)	Peak Dilation Angle (degree)
5.29	7.41	54.48	7.59
10.61	10.97	45.94	0.77
20.98	18.96	42.10	0.58
34.27	29.17	40.40	0.00

Table 120. No. 10 LDTX results.

σ'₁ (psi)	σ'₃ (psi)	ϕ'_s (degree)	ψ_max (degree)
24.14	5.03	42.79	2.50
47.60	10.04	41.76	2.58
99.31	20.02	41.78	2.30
143.19	30.05	40.91	2.34

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Topics: research, infrastructure, structures
Keywords: research, structures, Friction angle, strength, open-graded aggregate, structural backfill, retaining wall, bridge foundation
TRT Terms: research, infrastructure, Facilities, Structures
Scheduled Update: Archive - No Update needed

This page last modified on 01/31/2017