SAFETEA-LU Evaluation and Assessment Phase I

MTA has 794 buses available for service and the total vehicle miles in FFY 2001 were 21,774,843.

(21,774,843 miles / 794 buses * 142 Buses = 3,894,241 overhaul bus miles)

Southwestern Research and MTA data indicates that each gram per brake horsepower-hour (g/bhp-hr) is equal to 1.5 tons of PM per 100,000 bus-miles.

(3,894,241 overhaul bus miles / 100,000 miles * 1.5 tons = 58.41 tons of PM per g/bhp-hr)

Data provided by the Engelhard Automotive Emissions Systems indicates that depending on the age of a bus and engine type, the PM can be reduced between 0.46 and 0.05 g/bhp-hr. The average will vary around 0.255 g/bhp-hr of PM.

0.255 g/bhp-hr x 58.41 (conversion of g/bhp-hr to tons)= 14.9 tons of PM per year

14.9 tons of PM per year * 2.4837895 conversion factor = kilograms / day

Orion buses travel 10,944 weekday miles and 9,784 weekend miles. Neoplan buses travel 7,056 weekday miles and 9,500 weekend miles. This schedule reflects peak vehicle use and includes both revenue miles and dead-head miles provided by the Westchester DOT and the service contractor.

Assume 254 weekdays per year and 104 weekend days per year.

Emissions reductions were calculated from emissions with the retrofits provided by the Transit Resource Center and existing emissions from tailpipe testing. The average speed from testing Bee-Line bus duty cycle is 20 mph.

Total emissions reduced = (Number of Orion buses x Orion Bus VMT x (Existing emissions rate retrofit emissions rate)) + (Number of Neoplan buses x Neoplan Bus VMT x (Existing emissions rate retrofit emissions rate))

The average annual vehicle revenue miles for each of the 235 buses is 27,207 miles, with a deadhead factor of 1.15, and an average bus speed of 13.5 mph. Assumes each bus operates an average of 250 days per year.

The EPA has certified this device to reduce HC and CO emissions by 60%, with no impact on NOx. Emissions reductions were calculated by multiplying the total emissions for the 1999 and 2000 buses using MOBILE6 emissions factors and then multiplying the VOC and CO emissions by 0.60.

Rogue Disposal's fleet of eighteen diesel-powered trash collection trucks consume over 400,000 gallons of fuel per year, emit a total of 2.13 tons of CO, 0.86 tons of VOCs, and 0.2 tons of PM, and travel up to 855,000 total miles annually.

The Rogue Valley MPO provided Mobile6 inputs for EPA's Retrofit Calculator.

Based on the manufacturer's report, the following manual calculations were used:

• VOC reductions: 0.86 tons VOC per year x 9/18 x 95% reduction x 907 conversion factor / 260 days = 1.43 kg reduced per day
• CO reductions: 2.13 tons VOC per year x 9/18 x 67% reduction x 907 conversion factor / 260 days = 2.49 kg reduced per day
• PM reductions: 0.2 tons VOC per year x 9/18 x 80% reduction x 907 conversion factor / 260 days = 0.28 kg reduced per day

None

Baseline NOx emissions are calculated using the USEPA emissions standard for a Tier 0 switch engine. Baseline PM and VOC emissions are conservatively calculated using the lower uncontrolled USEPA emissions factors of 0.44 g/bhp-hr PM and 1.01 g/bhp-hr VOC in lieu of the Tier 0 standards of 0.72 g/bhp-hr PM and 2.1 g/bhp-hr VOC. Conventional switcher fuel use is 60,000 gal/yr. According to USEPA, the Brake-Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) is 20.8 bhp-hr/gal. GENSET locomotive emissions factors are based on Tier 3 nonroad engine standards (grams/bhp-hr) since the locomotive is powered by these engines. NMHC has the same meaning as VOC and HC. The GENSET fuel use is 25% less than a conventional switcher (45,000 gal/yr). The Brake-Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) for a GENSET engine is reported as 19.5 bhp-hr/gal.

• NOX Emissions (kg/yr) = BSFC * Fuel Used * Emissions Factor * 3 Locomotives
• Baseline NOx = 20.8 * 60,000 * 14.0 * 3 = 52,416 kg/year
• GENSET NOx = 19.5 * 45,000 * 2.85 * 3 = 7,503 kg/year
• Daily reduction in NOx = (52,416 - 7,503) / 340 days per year = 132.1 kg/day

Calculation also assumes 86% reduction in ozone precursors and 76% reduction in PM.

This project will retrofit approximately 53 on-road diesel powered vehicles and heavy duty equipment:

• HDDV8A: 25 Vehicles
• HDDV8B: 6 Vehicles
• HDDV7: 14 Vehicles
• HDDV6: 1 Vehicle
• HDDV5: 2 Vehicles
• HDDV4: 1 Vehicle
• HDDV3: 4 Vehicles

Emissions reductions calculated using Mobile6, EPA, and CARB emissions factors for a variety of heavy duty vehicles traveling at 23 mph for 4.43 miles per day for 305 days/year with and without the retrofits. The assumed speed, operating days, and travel distance was reported by Rockland County Highway Dept. as an average of their fleet vehicles equipped with GPS technology.

Emissions reductions calculated using Mobile6, EPA, and CARB emissions factors for a variety of vehicle types traveling at posted speeds. The assumed speed, operating days, and travel distance was reported by Rockland County Highway Dept. as an average of their fleet vehicles equipped with GPS technology.

None

Emissions reductions were calculated using a truck idle emissions factor from MOBILE6. Emissions for one truck idling for 10 hours each day are estimated to be removed by each IdleAire unit, as reported by the IdleAire company.

• VOC emissions reduction = 44.7 g/unit * 100 units / 1000 = 4.47 kg/day
• NOx emissions reduction = 604 g/unit * 100 units / 1000 = 60.4 kg/day

The emission factors for CO and VOC come from EPA's Mobile6 Emissions Model to estimate the emissions from idling trucks. NOx and PM factors are calculated based on 2004 EPA Guidance.

Emissions Reduction = Emission Factor (g/unit) x 50 units / 1000 (g to kg conversion factor) = Emissions Reduction (kg/day).

An IdleAire utilization rate of 10 hours per day / 365 days per year is assumed.

None.

Idle emissions factors for trucks are taken from the EPA guidance document "Guidance for Quantifying and Using Long Duration Truck Idling Emissions Reductions in State Implementation Plans and Transportation Conformity."

Emissions for one truck idling for 10 hours each day are estimated to be removed by each IdleAire unit, as reported by the IdleAire company.

• NOx emissions reduction = 135 g/hr/unit * 10 hours * 59 units = 79.65 kg/day
• PM_2.5emissions reduction = 3.68 g/hr/unit * 10 hours * 59 units = 2.17 kg/day