SAFETEA-LU Evaluation and Assessment Phase I

Assume the rate of usage is a constant 2,250 trucks per year by 2006 and one third of the trucks go North, one third South and one third West. Assume the average mileage per truck is 100 miles round trip and all truck emissions from heavy duty diesel vehicles (HDDV) traveling at 40 mph. The facility will operate 365 days per year.

• 1999750 trucks removed = 75,000 miles reduced
• 2006:2,250 trucks removed = 225,000 miles reduced
• 2015:2,250 trucks removed = 225,000 miles reduced
• 2018:2,250 trucks removed = 225,000 miles reduced

Emissions reductions calculated using Mobile running emissions factors for HDDV at 40 mph. Emissions were calculated for 2006, 2015, and 2018 for comparison purposes.

The number of trucks being removed from the highway is approximately 1,000 annually. Assumes that the trucks would normally travel down I-95 to Kittery traveling at an average speed 50 mph in Cumberland County and 60 mph in York County on the interstate. Assumes each round trip truck trip would be approximately 70 miles. Assume all truck emissions are from heavy duty diesel vehicles (HDDV) and the siding works 5 days a week 52 weeks a year.

• 2006:1,000 trucks removed per year = 70,000 miles reduced
• 2015:1,000 trucks removed per year = 70,000 miles reduced
• 2020:1,000 trucks removed per year = 70,000 miles reduced

Emissions reductions calculated using Mobile running emissions factors for HDDV at 50 and 60 mph. Emissions were calculated for 2006, 2015, and 2018 for comparison purposes.

• Assume 500,000 tons of cargo each year will be diverted to the Facility, the equivalent of 20,000 truck loads per year. Assume an average 1-way freight trip in the region without the facility is 94 miles, and with the facility will be 80 miles.
• Daily VMT reduction = 20,000 year truck trips / 312 operating days per year * 14 miles per trip = 897.4 VMT.

Calculate the change in truck VMT to deliver cargo with and without construction of the Facility.

Emissions reductions calculated using heavy duty diesel emissions factors from Mobile 5a_H emissions model for years 2001, 2004, and 2012 to compare emissions with and without construction of the facility. (Emissions change due to implementation of project = Yearly VMT x Emissions factor / 1000.)

Emissions reductions reported are for 2001 only. Travel speeds determined from the SPC travel demand model. Note that the average speed for a truck trip from the Intermodal Facility to the average pick-up/delivery point (38 mph) is lower than the average speed for a truck trip from a highway entering into the region to the average pick-up/delivery point (47 mph).

• No Build Emissions @ 47.0 mph:
  • VOC = 1,872,000 x 1.06 / 1000 = 1,982.32 kg/year
  • NOx = 1,872,000 x 9.44 / 1000 = 17,671.68 kg/year
  • CO = 1,872,000 x 5.24 / 1000 = 9,809.28 kg/year
• Build Emissions @ 38.0 mph:
  • VOC = 1,600,000 x 1.24 / 1000 = 1,984.00 kg/year
  • NOx = 1,600,000 x 8.45 / 1000 = 13,520.00 kg/year
  • CO = 1,600,000 x 5.76 / 1000 = 9,216.00 kg/year
• Emissions Change = Build No Build Emissions.
  • VOC emissions change = 1,984.00 - 1,982.32 = -0.32 kg/year
  • NOx emissions change = 13,520.00 17,671.68 = -4,151.68 kg/year
  • CO emissions change = 9,216.00 9,809.28 = -593.28 kg/year

The emissions calculation breaks the project into two segments: Visy Paper Mill Bayoone Bridge and Transfer Station Goethal Bridge.

Visy/Bayoone Segment

Average speed of 30 mph assumed for the transportation of freight by 10,268 heavy duty trucks per day. The average miles of vehicle travel per day is 6, for 302 days/year.

• Daily VMT Reduction = 10,268 trucks x 6 miles = 61,608.
• Yearly VMT Reduction = 61,608 x 302 days = 18,605,616

Trans/Goethal

Average speed of 30 mph assumed for the transportation of freight by 15,786 heavy duty trucks per day. The average miles of vehicle travel per day is 5, for 302 days/year.

• Daily VMT Reduction = 15,786 trucks x 5 miles = 78,930.
• Yearly VMT Reduction = 78,930 x 302 days = 23,836,860.00
• Daily VMT Reduction = 23,836,860 / 302 days/year = 78,930 VMT reduction.

The NYSDOT software package CMAQtraq was used to estimate emissions for both segments, using the "Goods Vehicle Reduction" module. Effects were calculated for 302 days/year with the following emissions factors (g/mile):

• VOC emissions factor = 1.49
• NOx emissions factor = 7.18
• CO emissions factor = 12.18
• PM₁₀ emissions factor = 0.2633
• PM_2.5 emissions factor = 0.2184

Total Emissions reduced = (Emissions factor * Visy/Bayoone miles reduced) + (Emissions factor * Trans/Goethal miles reduced)

• Average Mine-based 2-way trip length = 41.26 miles
• Average Home-based 2-way trip Length is assumed to be 25% of the Mine-based length = 10.315 miles
• Number of yearly 2-way truck trips before project = 107,396
• Number of yearly 2-way truck trips after project = 63,918

• Total Daily Truck VMT = Daily Mine-based VMT + Daily Home-based VMT
• Daily Truck VMT Savings = VMT before project VMT after project
• VMT before = 5,538,967/year = 22,156/day; VMT after = 3,296,575/yr = 13,186/day
• Δ VMT = 8,970/day

Assumes that ½ of the total coal delivered by truck to the power station originates in the project area, and consequently, ½ of the total truck VMT. Delivery occurs 250 days of the year. Estimated tons of coal that will be diverted from truck to rail = 1,000,000 tons/year.

• Emissions reductions were calculated for heavy duty diesel trucks at an average speed of 36 mph using MOBILE6 emissions factors for 2004 and 2012.
• Reported emissions reductions are for 2004 only.
• Emissions factors:
  VOC = 1.28; NOx = 7.21; CO = 5.96

• Travel impact information was provided by the operator of the rail service in the area.
• Assumes 1,000 railcar shipments annually are diverted from truck to rail.
• Vehicle trips removed per year = 1,000 railcar shipments annually x 4 truck-equivalent per railcar / 260 days per year = 15.38 vehicle trips removed per day.

• 50% of truck trips are one-way (61 miles average) and 50% of truck trips are round-trip (122 miles average) from the Port of New Haven.
• Daily VMT reduction = (50% x 4000 annual truck trips x 61 miles / 260 days/year) + (50% x 4000 truck trips x 122 miles / 260 days/year ) = 1,408 VMT reduced daily.

• In the PM_2.5 non-attainment areas, 50% of truck trips are one-way (27 miles average) and 50% of truck trips are round trip (43 miles average).
• Daily VMT reduction = (50% x 4000 annual truck trips x 27 miles / 260 days/year) + (50% x 4000 truck trips x 54 miles / 260 days/year) = 623 VMT reduced daily in PM_2.5 non-attainment areas.

• Assumes 90% of a typical truck trip is on expressway and 10% is on arterial.
• Emissions factors, expressway:
  VOC = 0.314 g/mile; NOx = 13.630 g/mile; PM_2.5 = 0.261 g/mile
• Emissions factors, arterial:
  VOC = 0.453 g/mile; NOx = 8.300 g/mile; PM_2.5 = 0.260 g/mile

• VOC emissions reduction = (1,408 VMT reduction x 0.314 g/mile x 90%) + (1,408 VMT reduction x 0.453 g/mile x 10%) = 461 g/day VOC reduction
• NOx emissions reduction = (1,408 VMT reduction x 13.630 x 90%) + (1,408 VMT reduction x 8.3 g/mile x 10%) = 18,441 g/day NOx reduction
• PM_2.5 emissions reduction = (623 VMT reduction x 0.261 g/mile x 90%) + (623 VMT reduction x 0.260 g/mile x 10%) = 162 g/day PM_2.5reduction

Additional locomotive emissions due to increased train trip length to service the additional trackage (Additional emissions = gallons consumed x emissions factor):

• Estimate 15 gallons of additional fuel consumed per day. Use EPA emissions factors, based on the age of the locomotive fleet.
• VOC = 15 gallons x 21.0 g/gal = 0.32 g/day of additional VOC emissions.
• NOx = 15 gallons x 262.0 g/gal = 3.93 g/day of additional NOx emissions.
• PM_2.5 = 15 gallons x 9.2 g/gal = 0.14 g/day of additional PM_2.5 emissions.

Overall emissions reductions:

• VOC emissions reduction = 461 0.32 = 460.68 g/day
• NOx emissions reduction = 18,441 3.93 = 18,437.07 g/day
• PM_2.5 emissions reduction = 162 0.14 = 161.86 g/day