U.S. Department of Transportation
Federal Highway Administration
1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE
Washington, DC 20590
202-366-4000

Skip to content
Facebook iconYouTube iconTwitter iconFlickr iconLinkedInInstagram

Federal Highway Administration Research and Technology
Coordinating, Developing, and Delivering Highway Transportation Innovations

 
REPORT
This report is an archived publication and may contain dated technical, contact, and link information
Back to Publication List        
Publication Number:  FHWA-HRT-11-062    Date:  November 2011
Publication Number: FHWA-HRT-11-062
Date: November 2011

 

Improved Corrosion-Resistant Steel for Highway Bridge Construction

APPENDIX B. TEMPERING STUDY AFTER NORMALIZING

11Cr STEEL

As-normalized coupons of the 11Cr experimental steel and commercially produced ASTM A1010 plates were tempered and tensile tested. The raw tensile data are presented in table 22, and the YS data are presented in figure 46.

Table 22. Tensile test results of 11Cr and ASTM A1010 steels.

Steel

Tempering
Temperature (ºF)

Hardness  (HBW)

0.2 Percent YS (ksi)

0.5 Percent Elongation Under Load (EUL) YS (ksi)

TS (ksi)

EL (percent)

RA (percent)

Base ASTM A1010

As-normalized

285

91.9

97.8

134.5

23.1

57.8

Base ASTM A1010

1,200

200

79.1

79.5

94.4

33.6

67.0

11Cr

1,200

nd

89.9

89.7

104.9

21.0

57.1

11Cr

1,200

nd

90.8

90.5

105.3

24.2

63.1

Base ASTM A1010

1,250

190

73.8

74.1

89.7

30.5

59.4

11Cr

1,250

nd

73.1

74.0

92.4

29.8

72.0

11Cr

1,250

nd

73.2

73.9

91.7

29.4

57.1

Base ASTM A1010

1,300

177

64.4

64.9

83.8

32.7

65.7

Base ASTM A1010

1,350

171

54.3

55.0

79.1

39.1

72.3

°C = (°F-32)/1.8

1 ksi = 6.89 MPa

nd = Not determined

This graph shows the tensile properties of normalized and tempered 11Cr steel. Strength is plotted on the y-axis ranging from 0 to 120 ksi (0 to 827 MPa) in increments of 20 ksi (138 MPa). Tempering temperature is plotted on the x-axis ranging from 1,180 to 1,360 ºF (638 to 738 ºC) in increments of 20 ºF (11 ºC). A pink line represents the tensile strength (TS), and a blue line represents the 0.2 percent yield strength (YS). TS decreases steadily as the tempering temperature increases, starting at about 100 ksi (689 MPa) for 1,200 ºF (649 ºC) and ending at about 80 ksi (551 MPa) for 1,350 ºF (732 ºC). YS decreases steadily as the tempering temperature increases, starting at about 85 ksi (586 MPa) for 1,200 ºF (649 ºC) and ending at 54 ksi (372 MPa) for 1,350 ºF (732 ºC).
°C = (°F-32)/1.8
1 ksi = 6.89 MPa

Figure 46. Graph. Tensile properties of normalized and tempered 11Cr steel.

9Cr STEEL

As-normalized coupons of the 9Cr experimental steel plates were tempered and tensile tested. The raw tensile data are presented in Table 23 and the YS data are presented in figure 47.

Table 23. Tensile test results of 9Cr steel.

Tempering
Temperature (ºF)

Hardness (HBW)

0.2 Percent YS (ksi)

0.5 Percent EUL YS (ksi)

TS (ksi)

EL (percent)

RA (percent)

As-normalized

313

109.7

106.5

148.3

9.0

39.7

1,200

211

86.1

86.4

96.4

14.4

36.9

1,250

200

81.4

81.5

92.6

28.8

62.9

1,200

nd

89.4

89.2

100.2

22.6

63.7

1,200

nd

90.2

89.8

100.6

25.9

63.7

1,300

190

75.8

76.0

88.3

30.8

64.3

1,350

191

71.8

71.9

85.6

34.7

62.4

1,250

nd

81.8

81.9

93.3

24.1

68.0

1,250

313

80.6

80.8

92.0

26.6

65.3

°C = (°F-32)/1.8

1 ksi = 6.89 MPa

nd = Not determined

This graph shows the tensile properties of normalized and tempered 9Cr steel. Strength is plotted on the y-axis ranging from 0 to 120 ksi (0 to 827 MPa) in increments of 20 ksi (138 MPa). Tempering temperature is plotted on the x-axis ranging from 1,180 to 1,360 ºF (638 to 738 ºC) in increments of 20 ºF (11 ºC). A pink line represents the tensile strength (TS), and a blue line represents the 0.2 percent yield strength (YS). TS decreases steadily as the tempering temperature increases, starting at about 100 ksi (689 MPa) for 1,200 ºF (649 ºC) and ending at about 86 ksi (593 MPa) for 1,350 ºF (732 ºC). YS decreases steadily as the tempering temperature increases, starting at about 86 ksi (5923 MPa) for 1,200 ºF (649 ºC) and ending at 72 ksi (496 MPa) for 1,350 ºF (732 ºC).
°C = (°F-32)/1.8
1 ksi = 6.89 MPa

Figure 47. Graph. Tensile properties of normalized and tempered 9Cr steel.

9Cr2Si STEEL

As-normalized coupons of the 9Cr2Si experimental steel plates were tempered and tensile tested. The raw tensile data are presented in table 24, and the YS data are presented in figure 48.

Table 24. Tensile test results of 9Cr2Si steel.

Tempering
Temperature(ºF)

Hardness (HBW)

0.2 Percent YS (ksi)

0.5 Percent EUL YS (ksi)

TS (ksi)

EL (percent)

RA (percent)

As-normalized

256

80.4

80.1

121.7

29.6

64.0

1,200

209

75.8

76.3

98.1

38.1

72.9

1,200

nd

79.1

79.6

103.0

32.8

79.7

1,200

nd

78.9

79.4

102.8

30.7

62.8

1,250

198

72.6

72.9

95.3

36.7

73.9

1,300

190

67.2

67.3

91.4

42.4

79.8

1,350

192

65.8

65.9

90.1

40.8

78.3

1,350

nd

76.0

76.5

98.9

34.6

73.0

1,350

256

74.7

75.5

98.7

37.2

76.6

°C = (°F-32)/1.8

1 ksi = 6.89 MPa

nd = Not determined

This graph shows tensile properties of normalized and tempered 9Cr2Si steel. Strength is plotted on the y-axis ranging from 0 to 120 ksi (0 to 827 MPa) in increments of 20 ksi (138 MPa). Tempering temperature is plotted on the x-axis ranging from 1,180 to 1,360 ºF (638 to 738 ºC) in increments of 20 ºF (11 ºC). A pink line represents the tensile strength (TS), and a blue line represents the 0.2 percent yield strength (YS). TS first decreases as the tempering temperature increases, starting at about 100 ksi (689 MPa) for 1,200 ºF (649 ºC), drops to about 91 ksi (627 MPa) for 1,300 ºF (704 ºC), and then increases to 95 ksi (655 MPa) for 1,350 ºF (732 ºC). YS decreases as the tempering temperature increases, starting at about 78 ksi (537 MPa) for 1,200 ºF (649 ºC), dropping to about 67 ksi (462 MPa) for 1,300 ºF (704 ºC), and then increasing to 72 ksi (496 MPa) for 1,350 ºF (732 ºC).
°C = (°F-32)/1.8
1 ksi = 6.89 MPa

Figure 48. Graph. Tensile properties of normalized and tempered 9Cr2Si steel.

7Cr2Si STEEL

As-normalized coupons of the 7Cr2Si experimental steel plates were tempered and tensile tested. The raw tensile data are presented in table 25, and the YS data are presented in figure 49.

Table 25. Tensile test results of 7Cr2Si steel.

Tempering
Temperature (ºF)

Hardness (HBW)

0.2 Percent YS (ksi)

0.5 Percent EUL YS (ksi)

TS
(ksi)

EL (percent)

RA (percent)

As-normalized

nd

76.4

75.6

115.8

28.9

58.5

As-normalized

nd

76.4

75.4

115.8

29.7

67.4

As-normalized

258

79.1

78.1

121.1

29.9

68.8

1,200

209

74.7

75.3

96.7

35.9

78.8

1,200

nd

78.7

79.2

104.5

30.7

62.2

1,200

nd

78.8

79.5

104.0

31.4

79.7

1,250

198

70.0

70.4

92.8

37.5

64.9

1,300

196

65.5

65.8

89.4

38.3

50.7

1,350

194

64.5

65.2

88.0

37.9

59.4

°C = (°F-32)/1.8

1 ksi = 6.89 MPa

nd = Not determined

This graph shows tensile properties of normalized and tempered 7Cr2Si steel. Strength is plotted on the y-axis ranging from 0 to 120 ksi (0 to 827 MPa) in increments of 20 ksi (138 MPa). Tempering temperature is plotted on the x-axis ranging from 1,180 to 1,360 ºF (638 to 738 ºC) in increments of 20 ºF (11 ºC). A pink line represents the tensile strength (TS), and a blue line represents the 0.2 percent yield strength (YS). TS decreases steadily as the tempering temperature increases, starting at about 100 ksi (689 MPa) for 1,200 ºF (649 ºC) and ending at about 88 ksi (606 MPa) for 1,350 ºF (732 ºC). YS decreases steadily as the tempering temperature increases, starting at about 77 ksi (531 MPa) for 1,200 ºF (649 ºC) and ending at 65 ksi (449 MPa) for 1,350 ºF (732 ºC).
°C = (°F-32)/1.8
1 ksi = 6.89 MPa

Figure 49. Graph. Tensile properties of normalized and tempered 7Cr2Si steel.

7Cr2Al STEEL

As-normalized coupons of the 7Cr2Al experimental steel plates were tempered and tensile tested. The raw tensile data are presented in table 26, and the YS data are presented in figure 50.

Table 26. Tensile test results of 7Cr2Al steel.

Tempering
Temperature (ºF)

Hardness (HBW)

0.2 Percent YS (ksi)

0.5 Percent EUL YS (ksi)

TS (ksi)

EL (percent)

RA (percent)

As-normalized

152

54.5

55.5

70.2

nd

14.1

1,200

147

54.5

55.4

71.5

nd

10.6

1,250

152

54.2

54.9

70.4

nd

5.6

1,300

149

54.5

55.0

71.3

38.3

20.4

1,350

nd

54.3

55.3

72.0

34.0

21.7

1,350

152

51.9

54.1

71.8

31.9

44.2

1,350

147

52.5

54.7

71.7

32.4

32.7

°C = (°F-32)/1.8

1 ksi = 6.89 MPa

nd = Not determined

This graph shows tensile properties of normalized and tempered 7Cr2Al steel. Strength is plotted on the y-axis ranging from 0 to 120 ksi (0 to 827 MPa) in increments of 20 ksi (138 MPa). Tempering temperature is plotted on the x-axis ranging from 1,180 to 1,360 ºF (638 to 738 ºC) in increments of 20 ºF (11 ºC). A pink line represents the tensile strength (TS), and a blue line represents the 0.2 percent yield strength (YS). TS remains constant at 72 ksi (496 MPa) as the tempering temperature increases from 1,200 to 1,350 ºF (649 to 732 ºC). YS also remains constant at about 54 ksi (372 MPa) from 1,200 to 1,350 ºF (649 to 732 ºC).
°C = (°F-32)/1.8
1 ksi = 6.89 MPa

Figure 50. Graph. Tensile properties of normalized and tempered 7Cr2Al steel.

5Cr2Si2Al STEEL

As-normalized coupons of the 5Cr2Si2Al experimental steel plates were tempered and tensile tested. The raw tensile data are presented in table 27, and the TS data are presented in figure 51.

Table 27. Tensile test results of 5Cr2Si2Al steel.

Tempering
Temperature (ºF)

Hardness (HBW)

0.2 Percent YS (ksi)

0.5 Percent EUL YS (ksi)

TS (ksi)

EL (percent)

RA (percent)

As-normalized

200

76.6

77.2

81.6

2.1

2.6

1,200

203

71.9

72.6

74.4

0.9

1.7

1,200

nd

74.0

74.3

81.1

3.7

1.8

1,200

nd

73.8

74.1

74.7

1.1

3.5

1,250

203

73.4

74.1

79.6

5.7

nd

1,300

199

75.9

76.1

83.9

3.9

5.2

1,350

202

75.5

76.3

80.1

4.4

2.8

°C = (°F-32)/1.8

1 ksi = 6.89 MPa

nd = Not determined

This graph shows tensile properties of normalized and tempered 5Cr2Si2Al steel. Strength is plotted on the y-axis ranging from 0 to 120 ksi in increments of 20 ksi (138 MPa). Tempering temperature is plotted on the x-axis ranging from 1,180 to 1,360 ºF (638 to 738 ºC) in increments of 20 ºF (11 ºC). A pink line represents the tensile strength (TS), and a blue line represents the 0.2 percent yield strength (YS). TS increases slightly from 77 ksi (531 MPa) at 1,200 ºF (649 ºC) to 84 ksi (579 MPa) at 1,300 ºF (704 ºC), then falls to 80 ksi (551 MPa) at 1,350 ºF (732 ºC). YS remains essentially constant between 1,200 and 1,350 ºF (649 and 732 ºC) at 75 ksi (517 MPa).
°C = (°F-32)/1.8
1 ksi = 6.89 MPa

Figure 51. Graph. Tensile properties of normalized and tempered 5Cr2Si2Al steel.

 

Return to top

Privacy Policy | Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) | Accessibility | Web Policies & Notices | No Fear Act | Report Waste, Fraud and Abuse | U.S. DOT Home | USA.gov | WhiteHouse.gov

Federal Highway Administration | 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE | Washington, DC 20590 | 202-366-4000
Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center | 6300 Georgetown Pike | McLean, VA | 22101