U.S. Department of Transportation
Federal Highway Administration
1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE
Washington, DC 20590
202-366-4000
Federal Highway Administration Research and Technology
Coordinating, Developing, and Delivering Highway Transportation Innovations
REPORT |
This report is an archived publication and may contain dated technical, contact, and link information |
|
Publication Number: FHWA-HRT-10-066 Date: October 2011 |
Publication Number: FHWA-HRT-10-066 Date: October 2011 |
This appendix summarizes the research results of the SPS-5 experiment to help engineers select the best rehabilitation alternatives for rigid pavements among those evaluated in the experiment and, from a performance perspective, as a function of specific site conditions and distresses in the existing pavement.
The selection is made based on the best alternative in each group. Despite the practicality of the information, tables in this section should be used with caution, particularly when the sources of distresses are associated with construction, new techniques, or other unusual circumstances not reflected in the SPS-6 experiment.
The design factors and site characteristics investigated in the SPS-5 experiment were as follows:
This section summarizes the rehabilitation alternatives that are most likely to provide best performances under a given set of conditions. Within each group, the impact of design features is characterized by ranking the rehabilitation strategies from the best to the worst. Each distress is evaluated independently. Only rankings with statistical significance are shown in the table. If there is no ranking associated with one particular distress, no statistical difference in performance was found, which indicates that none of the design features evaluated had differential impact on performance.
The tables presented in this appendix can be used as a guide to determine which design features may perform better among the options evaluated in this study. An example is described here and summarized in table 118. Table 119 through table 127 can be used to evaluate which design feature will provide better performance measured by the distresses listed in the tables. The selection is made based on the best alternative in each group.
An engineer will select a rehabilitation alternative for the following conditions:
The selection process involves gathering the information from each table containing the ranking of alternatives for each specific condition. Using the information in the example, the best alternatives for wet conditions are taken from table 120 and included in table 118. The same process is performed for each of the site conditions, and the information is included in table 118. As a result, the combination of design features presented in the table is likely to provide the best performance to the selected distresses.
Table 118. Selection of design features to improve performance of rehabilitated flexible pavements.
Site Condition |
Roughness |
Rutting |
Fatigue Cracking |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mill |
Thickness |
Mix Type |
Mill |
Thickness |
Mix Type |
Mill |
Thickness |
Mix Type |
|
Wet |
Yes |
Thin |
Virgin |
No |
Thin |
Virgin Virgin |
No |
Thick |
RAP |
Yes |
Thin |
Yes |
Thin |
Virgin |
|||||
Yes |
Thick |
Virgin |
|||||||
No-freeze |
- |
- |
- |
Yes |
Thin |
Virgin |
No |
Thick |
Virgin |
No |
Thin |
Virgin |
|||||||
Yes |
Thin |
RAP |
|||||||
Existing fair pavement |
Yes |
Thick |
RAP |
Yes |
Thick |
RAP |
- |
- |
- |
No |
Thin |
Virgin |
|||||||
No |
Thick |
RAP |
|||||||
High traffic |
Yes |
Thick |
RAP |
No |
Thin |
Virgin |
No |
Thick |
Virgin |
Yes |
Thick |
Virgin |
|||||||
Yes |
Thick |
RAP |
|||||||
Final selection |
Yes |
Thick |
RAP |
No |
Thin |
Virgin |
Yes |
Thick |
Virgin |
- Indicates that no preferred treatment was statistically found.
Table 119. Summary of performance for all SPS-5 sections.
Distress |
|||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Roughness |
Rutting |
Fatigue Cracking |
Longitudinal Cracking |
Transverse Cracking |
Deflection |
||||||||
Ranking |
Strategy |
Ranking |
Strategy |
Ranking |
Strategy |
Ranking |
Strategy |
Ranking |
Strategy |
Ranking |
Strategy |
||
1 |
Mill, thick, RAP |
1 |
No mill, thin, virgin |
1 |
No mill, thick, virgin |
1 |
Mill, thick, virgin |
1 |
Mill, thick, virgin |
1 |
Mill, thick, virgin |
||
2 |
No mill, thick, RAP |
1 |
Mill, thick, RAP |
1 |
Mill, thick, RAP |
2 |
Mill, thin, virgin |
2 |
No mill, thick, virgin |
2 |
Mill, thick, RAP |
||
2 |
Mill, thin, virgin |
1 |
No mill, thin, RAP |
1 |
Mill, thick, virgin |
2 |
No mill, thick, virgin |
3 |
Mill, thick, RAP |
2 |
No mill, thick, RAP |
||
2 |
Mill, thick, virgin |
1 |
Mill, thin, virgin |
4 |
Mill, thin, virgin |
2 |
Mill, thin, RAP |
3 |
Mill, thin, RAP |
2 |
No mill, thick, virgin |
Table 120. Summary of performance for SPS-5 sections in wet zones.
Distress |
|||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Roughness |
Rutting |
Fatigue Cracking |
Longitudinal Cracking |
Transverse Cracking |
Deflection |
||||||
Ranking |
Strategy |
Ranking |
Strategy |
Ranking |
Strategy |
Ranking |
Strategy |
Ranking |
Strategy |
Ranking |
Strategy |
1 |
Mill, thin, virgin |
1 |
No mill, thin, virgin |
1 |
No mill, thick, RAP |
1 |
Mill, thin, virgin |
1 |
No mill, thick, virgin |
1 |
Mill, thick, RAP |
2 |
Mill, thick, RAP |
1 |
Mill, thin, virgin |
1 |
Mill, thin, virgin |
1 |
Mill, thick, virgin |
1 |
Mill, thick, virgin |
1 |
Mill, thick, virgin |
2 |
Mill, thick, virgin |
3 |
No mill, thin, RAP |
1 |
Mill, thick, virgin |
3 |
No mill, thick, virgin |
3 |
Mill, thin, RAP |
1 |
No mill, thick, RAP |
2 |
No mill, thick, RAP |
3 |
No mill, thick, RAP |
4 |
No mill, thick, virgin |
3 |
Mill, thin, RAP |
3 |
Mill, thick, RAP |
1 |
No mill, thick, virgin |
2 |
No mill, thick, virgin |
3 |
Mill, thin, RAP |
4 |
Mill, thick, RAP |
3 |
No mill, thin, virgin |
3 |
Mill, thin, virgin |
5 |
Mill, thin, virgin |
2 |
No mill, thin, RAP |
3 |
Mill, thick, RAP |
4 |
No mill, thin, virgin |
3 |
Mill, thick, RAP |
3 |
No mill, thick, RAP |
5 |
Mill, thin, RAP |
2 |
No mill, thin, virgin |
3 |
Mill, thick, virgin |
4 |
Mill, thin, RAP |
3 |
No mill, thin, RAP |
3 |
No mill, thin, virgin |
5 |
No mill, thin, virgin |
2 |
Mill, thin, RAP |
3 |
No mill, thick, virgin |
4 |
No mill, thin, RAP |
3 |
No mill, thick, RAP |
3 |
No mill, thin, RAP |
8 |
None |
Table 121. Summary of performance for SPS-5 sections in dry zones.
Distress |
|||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Roughness |
Rutting |
Fatigue Cracking |
Longitudinal Cracking |
Transverse Cracking |
Deflection |
||||||
Ranking |
Strategy |
Ranking |
Strategy |
Ranking |
Strategy |
Ranking |
Strategy |
Ranking |
Strategy |
Ranking |
Strategy |
1 |
Mill, thick, RAP |
1 |
No mill, thick, virgin |
1 |
Mill, thick, virgin |
1 |
Mill, thick, virgin |
||||
2 |
No mill, thick, RAP |
1 |
No mill, thin, virgin |
2 |
No mill, thick, virgin |
1 |
No mill, thick, virgin |
||||
3 |
Mill, thick, virgin |
1 |
Mill, thick, RAP |
2 |
Mill, thick, RAP |
1 |
Mill, thick, RAP |
||||
3 |
No mill, thick, virgin |
4 |
Mill, thin, RAP |
2 |
Mill, thin, RAP |
1 |
No mill, thick, RAP |
||||
3 |
Mill, thin, virgin |
4 |
No mill, thick, RAP |
2 |
No mill, thick, RAP |
5 |
No mill, thin, virgin |
Note: Blank cells indicate that no preferred treatment was found.
Table 122. Summary of performance for SPS-5 sections in freeze zones.
Distress |
|||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Roughness |
Rutting |
Fatigue Cracking |
Longitudinal Cracking |
Transverse Cracking |
Deflection |
||||||
Ranking |
Strategy |
Ranking |
Strategy |
Ranking |
Strategy |
Ranking |
Strategy |
Ranking |
Strategy |
Ranking |
Strategy |
1 |
Mill, thick, RAP |
1 |
No mill, thin, virgin |
1 |
No mill, thick, RAP |
||||||
1 |
No mill, thick, RAP |
1 |
Mill, thick, RAP |
1 |
Mill, thick, RAP |
||||||
1 |
Mill, thick, virgin |
1 |
No mill, thick, virgin |
3 |
No mill, thick, virgin |
||||||
1 |
Mill, thin, virgin |
1 |
No mill, thin, RAP |
3 |
Mill, thick, virgin |
Note: Blank cells indicate that no preferred treatment was found.
Table 123. Summary of performance for SPS-5 sections in no-freeze zones.
Distress |
|||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Roughness |
Rutting |
Fatigue Cracking |
Longitudinal Cracking |
Transverse Cracking |
Deflection |
||||||
Ranking |
Strategy |
Ranking |
Strategy |
Ranking |
Strategy |
Ranking |
Strategy |
Ranking |
Strategy |
Ranking |
Strategy |
1 |
Mill, thin, virgin |
1 |
No mill, thick, virgin |
1 |
Mill, thick, virgin |
1 |
Mill, thick, virgin |
1 |
Mill, thick, virgin |
||
1 |
No mill, thin, virgin |
2 |
Mill, thin, virgin |
2 |
Mill, thin, virgin |
2 |
No mill, thick, virgin |
2 |
No mill, thick, virgin |
||
1 |
Mill, thin, RAP |
2 |
Mill, thick, virgin |
2 |
No mill, thick, virgin |
3 |
Mill, thin, virgin |
3 |
Mill, thick, RAP |
Note: Blank cells indicate that no preferred treatment was found.
Table 124. Summary of performance for SPS-5 sections in fair surface condition prior to rehabilitation.
Distress |
|||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Roughness |
Rutting |
Fatigue Cracking |
Longitudinal Cracking |
Transverse Cracking |
Deflection |
||||||
Ranking |
Strategy |
Ranking |
Strategy |
Ranking |
Strategy |
Ranking |
Strategy |
Ranking |
Strategy |
Ranking |
Strategy |
1 |
Mill, thick, RAP |
1 |
Mill, thick, RAP |
1 |
Mill, thick, virgin |
1 |
Mill, thick, virgin |
1 |
Mill, thick, RAP |
||
2 |
No mill, thick, RAP |
1 |
No mill, thin, virgin |
1 |
Mill, thin, virgin |
2 |
Mill, thick, RAP |
2 |
No mill, thick, RAP |
||
2 |
Mill, thin, virgin |
1 |
No mill, thick, RAP |
3 |
Mill, thick, RAP |
3 |
Mill, thin, RAP |
2 |
Mill, thick, virgin |
||
2 |
Mill, thin, RAP |
4 |
No mill, thick, virgin |
3 |
No mill, thick, virgin |
3 |
No mill, thick, virgin |
2 |
No mill, thick, virgin |
Note: Blank cells indicate that no preferred treatment was found.
Table 125. Summary of performance for SPS-5 sections in poor surface condition prior to rehabilitation.
Distress |
|||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Roughness |
Rutting |
Fatigue Cracking |
Longitudinal Cracking |
Transverse Cracking |
Deflection |
||||||
Ranking |
Strategy |
Ranking |
Strategy |
Ranking |
Strategy |
Ranking |
Strategy |
Ranking |
Strategy |
Ranking |
Strategy |
1 |
mill, thick, RAP |
1 |
No mill, thin, virgin |
1 |
No mill, thick, virgin |
||||||
2 |
Mill, thin, virgin |
1 |
Mill, thin, virgin |
1 |
Mill, thick, virgin |
||||||
2 |
Mill, thick, virgin |
3 |
Mill, thin, RAP |
3 |
No mill, thick, RAP |
||||||
2 |
No mill, thick, RAP |
3 |
No mill, thin, RAP |
4 |
Mill, thick, RAP |
||||||
2 |
No mill, thick, virgin |
3 |
No mill, thick, virgin |
5 |
Mill, thin, virgin |
||||||
2 |
No mill, thin, Virgin |
3 |
No mill, thick, RAP |
6 |
No mill, thin, Virgin |
||||||
2 |
No mill, thin, RAP |
3 |
Mill, thick, RAP |
6 |
Mill, thin, RAP |
||||||
2 |
Mill, thin, RAP |
3 |
Mill, thick, virgin |
8 |
No mill, thin, RAP |
Note: Blank cells indicate that no preferred treatment was found.
Table 126. Summary of performance for SPS-5 sections with low traffic levels.
Distress |
|||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Roughness |
Rutting |
Fatigue Cracking |
Longitudinal Cracking |
Transverse Cracking |
Deflection |
||||||
Ranking |
Strategy |
Ranking |
Strategy |
Ranking |
Strategy |
Ranking |
Strategy |
Ranking |
Strategy |
Ranking |
Strategy |
1 |
Mill, thick, RAP |
1 |
No mill, thin, virgin |
1 |
No mill, thick, virgin |
1 |
No mill, thick, RAP |
||||
1 |
Mill, thin, virgin |
1 |
Mill, thin, virgin |
1 |
Mill, thick, virgin |
1 |
Mill, thick, virgin |
||||
1 |
Mill, thick, virgin |
3 |
No mill, thin, RAP |
1 |
Mill, thick, RAP |
1 |
No mill, thick, virgin |
||||
1 |
No mill, thick, RAP |
3 |
No mill, thick, virgin |
1 |
No mill, thick, RAP |
4 |
Mill, thick, RAP |
Note: Blank cells indicate that no preferred treatment was found.
Table 127. Summary of performance for SPS-5 sections with high traffic levels.
Distress |
|||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Roughness |
Rutting |
Fatigue Cracking |
Longitudinal Cracking |
Transverse Cracking |
Deflection |
||||||
Ranking |
Strategy |
Ranking |
Strategy |
Ranking |
Strategy |
Ranking |
Strategy |
Ranking |
Strategy |
Ranking |
Strategy |
1 |
Mill, thick, RAP |
1 |
No mill, thin, virgin |
1 |
No mill, thick, virgin |
1 |
No mill, thick, virgin |
||||
2 |
No mill, thick, RAP |
2 |
No mill, thick RAP |
1 |
Mill, thick, virgin |
1 |
Mill, thick, RAP |
||||
2 |
No mill, thick, virgin |
2 |
No mill, thin, RAP |
1 |
Mill, thick, RAP |
1 |
No mill, thick, RAP |
||||
2 |
Mill, thick, virgin |
2 |
No mill, thick, virgin |
4 |
No mill, thick RAP |
4 |
Mill, thick, virgin |
||||
2 |
Mill, thin, virgin |
2 |
Mill, thick RAP |
4 |
No mill, thin, virgin |
5 |
Mill, thin, RAP |
||||
2 |
No mill, thin, virgin |
2 |
Mill, thin, RAP |
4 |
Mill, thin virgin |
5 |
Mill, thin, virgin |
Note: Blank cells indicate that no preferred treatment was found.