Amann C.A. and Siegla D.C. (1982) Diesel particulates--what they are and why. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 1, 73-101.
American Cancer Society (2002) Cancer facts & figures 2001. Available on the Internet at http://www.cancer.org/downloads/STT/CancerFacts&Figures2002TM.pdf
Ashbaugh L.L., Flocchini R.G., Chang D., Garza V., Carvacho O.F., James T.A., Matsumura R.T. (1996) Final Report: Traffic generated PM10 hot spots. Prepared for the California Department of Transportation under Caltrans Contract No. 53V606 A2. Prepared by Air Quality Group, Crocker Nuclear Laboratory, University of California, Davis. August.
Ashbaugh L., Flocchini R., Matsumura R., James T., Carvacho O., Tsubamoto C., and Brown M. (1998) Final Report: Wintertime traffic generated PM10 hot spots. Prepared for the California Department of Transportation. Contract No. 43X878. Prepared by Air Quality Group, Crocker Nuclear Laboratory, University of California, Davis. September 3.
Barry B.E., and McCarthy J.F., (2002) Letter to Pat Gallagher, Sierra Club, regarding "Health Risk Assessment for the Sierra Club Related to Expansion of US 95 in Las Vegas, Nevada (Environmental Health and Engineering, Inc. 12069)," January 3.
California Air Resources Board and California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA). (1998) Executive summary for the "Proposed identification of diesel exhaust as a toxic air contaminant," as approved by the Scientific Review Panel, April 22. Prepared by the California Air Resources Board and the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment.
California Air Resources Board (2000) Risk reduction plan to reduce particulate matter emissions from diesel-fueled engines and vehicles. Stationary Source Control Division. Mobile Source Control Division. California Air Resources Board. Sacramento. October. Available on the Internet at http://www.arb.ca.gov/diesel/documents/rrpFinal.pdf. Last accessed November 2, 2001.
California Air Resources Board (2001) California Air Resources Board. The 2001 California almanac of emissions and air quality. Planning and Technical Support Division: Sacramento, CA, 2001.
California Air Resources Board (2002) California Air Resources Board. The 2002 California almanac of emissions and air quality. Planning and Technical Support Division: Sacramento, CA, 2002.
Chow J.C., Watson J.G., Richards L.W., Haase D.L., McDade C., Dietrich D.L., Moon D., and Sloane C. (1991) The 1989-90 Phoenix PM10 study. Volume II: source apportionment - executive summary. Final report prepared for Arizona Department of Environmental Quality, Phoenix, AZ by Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, DRI Document No. 8931.6F3, April.
Chow J.C., Watson J.G., Pritchett L.C., Pierson W.R., Frazier C.A., and Purcell R.G. (1993) The DRI thermal/optical reflectance carbon analysis system: description, evaluation and applications in U.S. air quality studies. Atmos. Environ. 27A, pp. 1185-1201.
Christoforou C.S., Salmon L.G., Hannigan M.P., Solomon P.A., and Cass G.R. (2000) Trends in fine particle concentration and chemical concentration in southern California. J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 50, pp. 43-53.
Clark N.N., Kern J.M., Atkinson C.M, and Nine R.D. (2002) Factors affecting heavy-duty diesel vehicle emissions. J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 52, pp. 84-89.
Durbin T.D., Norbeck J.M., Smith M.R., and Truex T.J. (1999) Particulate emission rates from light-duty vehicles in the South Coast Air Quality Management District. Environ. Sci. Technol. 33, (24), pp. 4401-4406.
Eisinger D.S., Dougherty K., Chang D.P.Y., Kear T., and Morgan P.F. (2002) A Reevaluation of carbon monoxide: past trends, future concentrations, and implications for conformity "hot spot" policies. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association. 52, pp. 1012-1025. September.
ENVIRON (1986) Elements of toxicology and chemical risk assessment, a handbook for nonscientists, attorneys, and decision makers. ENVIRON Corporation. Washington D.C.
Environmental Health & Engineering, Inc. (2001) Preliminary toxicological review of roadway traffic pollution. Report prepared for Joanne Spalding, Staff Attorney, Sierra Club, San Francisco, CA by Environmental Health & Engineering, Inc., Newton, MA, EH&E Report #11988, May 11.
Environmental Health & Engineering, Inc. (2002) Letter from Brenda Barry and John McCarthy (EH&E) to Pat Gallagher (Sierra Club) Re: Health Risk Assessments for the Sierra Club Related to Expansion of US 95 in Las Vegas, Nevada (EH&E 12069), January 3.
Feychting M., Svensson D., and Ahlbohm A. (1998) Exposure to motor vehicle exhaust and childhood cancer. Scand. J. Work Environ. Health 24, pp. 8-11.
Gray H.A. (1986) Control of atmospheric fine primary carbon particle concentrations. Report prepared for the Environmental Quality Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, EQL Report No. 23.
Gray H.A., Cass G.R., Huntzicker J.J., Heyerdahl E.K., and Rau J.A. (1986) Characteristics of atmospheric organic and elemental carbon particle concentrations in Los Angeles. Environ. Sci. Technol. 20, pp. 580-589.
Guinnup D. (2003) Air toxic emissions: what are they? Paper presented in Session 466 of the Transportation Research Board 82nd Annual Meeting, Washington D.C., January 12-16.
Guldberg P.H. and Tamura T.M. (1994) The use of hourly meteorological data in CAL3QHC2 to improve 8-hour CO predictions. Paper no. 94-RA107A.03 presented at the A&WMA 87th Annual Meeting & Exhibition, Cincinnati, OH, June 19-24.
Hammond D. (1996) Ambient trends of benzene in California from 1990 through 1995. Paper presented at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Air & Waste Management Association International Symposium on Measurement of Toxic and Related Air Pollutants, Research Triangle Park, NC, May 7-9.
Hayes T., Zielinska B., and Lowenthal D. (1998) Comparison of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in diesel and gasoline vehicle emissions. In proceedings from the A&WMA PM2.5 Conference in Long Beach, CA, January 28-30, 1998.
Health Effects Institute (1999) Diesel emissions and lung cancer: epidemiology and quantitative risk assessment. A Special Report of the Institute's Diesel Epidemiology Expert Panel by Health Effects Institute, Cambridge, MA, June.
Heywood J.B. (1988). Internal combustion engine fundamentals. McGraw-Hill, New York, p. 629.
High C.J. (2001) Review of exposure to toxic air pollutants from mobile sources and the impact of the expansion of US 95 in Las Vegas, Nevada. Resource Systems Group, Incorporated, White River Junction, VT, December 21.
Kirchstetter T.W., Singer B.C., Harley R.A., Kendall G.R., and Hesson J.M. (1999a) Impact of California reformulated gasoline on motor vehicle emissions. 2. Volatile organic compound speciation and reactivity. Environ. Sci. Technol. 33, pp. 329-336.
Kirchstetter T.W., Harley R.A., Kreisberg N.M., Stolzenburg M.R., and Hering S.V. (1999b) On-road measurement of fine particle and nitrogen oxide emissions from light- and heavy-duty motor vehicles. Atmospheric Environment. 33, pp. 2955-2968.
Kittelson D.B., Watts F.W., and Johnson J.P. (2001) Fine particle (nanoparticle) emissions on Minnesota highways. Final Report. MN/RC-2001-12. Prepared for the Minnesota Department of Transportation. Prepared by the University of Minnesota, Department of Mechanical Engineering. May.
Lighty J.B., Veranth J.M., and Sarofim A.F. (2000). Combustion aerosols: factors governing their size and composition and implications to human health. J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 50 pp. 1565-1618.
Main H.H., and Stiefer P.S. (2001) Analysis of air toxics data collected in Barrio Logan, California from October 1999 through March 2000. Sonoma Technology, Inc. Final Report. STI-900800-2004-FR. Prepared for the San Diego Air Pollution Control District. March 22.
Main H.H., Hurwitt S.B., and Roberts P.T. (1999) Spatial and temporal characteristics of California PAMS and long-term trend site VOC data (1990-1997). Report prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency by Sonoma Technology, Inc., Petaluma, CA, STI-998241-1883-FR, May.
NDOT (Nevada Department of Transportation) and FHWA (Federal Highway Administration). (1999) US 95 environmental impact statement, Section 4(f) Evaluation, March.
O'Connor C.M., Gertler A.W., and Sagebiel J.C. (1998) A comparison of ozone-forming potential of on-road emissions measured at the Sepulveda tunnel between 1995 and 1996. Presented at the Air & Waste Management Association's 91st Annual Meeting & Exhibition, San Diego, California, June 14-18.
Pearson R.L., Wachtel H., and Ebi K.L. (2000) Distance-weighted traffic density in proximity to a home is a risk factor for leukemia and other childhood cancers. J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 50, pp. 175-180.
Polakovic G., and Gorman T. (2001) Sin city smog. San Francisco Chronicle. March 19, pp. A3-A4.
Rao K.S., Gunter R.L., White J.R., and Hosker R.P (2002) Turbulence and dispersion modeling near highways. Atmos. Environ. 36, pp. 4337-4346.
Raaschou-Nielsen O., Hertel O., Thomsen B.L., and Olsen J.H. (2001) Air pollution from traffic at the residence of children with cancer. Am J Epidemiol 153, pp. 433-443. As cited in Reynolds P. et al. (2002) traffic patterns and childhood cancer incidence rates in California, United States. Cancer Causes and Control 13, pp. 665-673.
Reynolds P. et al. (2001) A case-control pilot study of traffic exposures and early childhood leukemia using a geographic information system. Bioelectromagnetics Supplement 5, pp. S58-S68.
Reynolds P. et al. (2002) Traffic patterns and childhood cancer incidence rates in California, United States. Cancer Causes and Control 13, pp. 665-673.
SCAQMD (2000) Multiple air toxics exposure study in the South Coast Air Basin: MATES-II. Final report (and appendices) prepared by the South Coast Air Quality Management District, Diamond Bar, CA, March.
Schauer J.J., Rogge W.F., Hildemann L.M., Mazurek M.A., Cass G.R., and Simoneit B.R.T. (1996) Source apportionment of airborne particulate matter using organic compounds as tracers. Atmos. Environ. 30, pp. 3837-3855.
SCPC (2002) Southern California Particle Center and Supersite. Available on the Internet at http://www.scpcs.ucla.edu/. Last accessed December 9, 2002.
Spalding J. (2002) Letter from Joanne Spalding, Sierra Club Staff Attorney, to John T. Price, Division Administrator, U.S. Federal Highway Administration, Re: Supplemental EIS for US-95 Expansion Project. January 7.
Supreme Court (2001) 531 U.S. Supreme Court, Nos. 99-1257 and 99-1426. Whitman v. American Trucking Assns., Inc. February 27.
Tiitta P., Raunemaa T., Tissari J., Yli-Tuomi T., Leskinen A., Kukkonen J., Harkonen J., and Karppinen A. (2002) Measurements and modeling of PM2.5 concentrations near a major road in Kuopio, Finland. Atmospheric Environment. 36, pp. 4057-4068.
Tiitta P. (2002) Personal communication between Petri Tiitta, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland and Douglas Eisinger, Sonoma Technology, Inc., Petaluma, California. November 8.
U.S. Census Bureau (2001) Ranking tables for metropolitan areas: population in 2000 and population change from 1990 to 2000 (PHC-T-3), Table 5. Available on the Internet at http://www.census.gov/population/cen2000/phc-t3/tab05.pdf. Internet release date April 2.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1999) Residual risk report to Congress. Prepared by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, EPA-453/R-99-001, Research Triangle Park, NC, March.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2001) Control of emissions of hazardous air pollutants from mobile sources; final rule. Federal Register, Vol. 66, No. 61, pp. 17230-17273. March 29.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2002a) Health assessment document for diesel engine exhaust. Prepared by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development (National Center for Environmental Assessment), EPA/600/8-90/057F, Washington D.C., May.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2002b) National air toxics assessments. Available on the Internet at http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/nata/sitemap.cfml. Last accessed December 17, 2002.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2002c) Particulate matter, air quality criteria for particulate matter (Third External Review Draft). National Center for Environmental Assessment. Available on the Internet at http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/cfm/partmatt.cfm?ActType=default. Last accessed December 12, 2002.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2002d) Initial summary of preliminary 1999 fine particulate matter (PM2.5) monitoring data. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. Available on the Internet at http://www.epa.gov/oar/oaqps/pm25/pm25prelim.pdf. Last accessed December 12, 2002.
Watson J.G. and Chow J.C. (2000) Reconciling urban fugitive dust emissions inventory and ambient source contribution estimates: summary of current knowledge and needed research. DRI Document No. 6110.4F. Desert Research Institute. May.
Watson J.G., Chow J.C., and Fujita E.M. (2000) Review of volatile organic compound source apportionment by chemical mass balance. Atmospheric Environment. 35, pp. 1567- 1584.
Yanowitz J., Graboski M.S., Ryan L.B.A., Alleman T.L., and McCormick R.L. (1999) Chassis dynamometer study of emissions from 21 in-use heavy-duty diesel vehicles. Environmental Science and Technology. 33 (2) pp. 209-216.
Zielinska B., Shire J., Harshfield G., Sagebiel J., and Pasek R. (1997) VOC concentrations in the South Coast Air Basin (CA) following introduction of reformulated gasoline. Paper presented at the Air & Waste Management Association Measurement of Toxic and Related Air Pollutants Symposium Conference, Raleigh Durham, NC, April 29-May 1.
Zhu Y. et al. (2002a) Study of ultrafine particles near a major highway with heavy-duty diesel traffic. Atmos. Environ. 36, pp. 4323-4335.
Zhu Y. et al. (2002b) Concentration and size distribution of ultrafine particles near a major highway. J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 52, pp. 1032-1042.
