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Publication Number:  FHWA-HRT-17-013     Date:  February 2017
Publication Number: FHWA-HRT-17-013
Date: February 2017

 

Hydraulic Performance of Shallow Foundations for The Support of Vertical-Wall Bridge Abutments

REFERENCES

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  2. Arneson, L.A., Zevenbergen, L.W., Lagasse, P.F., and Clopper, P.E. (2012) Evaluating Scour at Bridges, Hydraulic Engineering Circular No. 18. Fifth Edition. Report No. FHWA-HIF-12-003. Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC.

  3. Lagasse, P.F., Clopper, P.E., Pagán-Ortiz, J.E., Zevenbergen, L.W., Arneson, L.A., Schall, J.D., and Girard, L.G. (2009) Bridge Scour and Stream Instability Countermeasures, Hydraulic Engineering Circular No. 23. Report No. FHWA-NHI-09-111. Federal Highway Administration, Washington DC.

  4. Laursen, E.M. (1963) “An Analysis of Relief Bridge Scour,” Journal of the Hydraulic Division, 89(3), p. 93–118.

  5. Petersen, T.U., Sumer, M.B., Boegelund, J., Yazici, A., Fredsoee, J., and Meyer, K.E. (2015) “Flow and Edge Scour in Current Adjacent to Stone Covers,” Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, 141(4).

  6. Macky, G.H. (1986) Model Testing of Bridge Abutment Protection. Report 3-86/12, Central Laboratories, Ministry of Works and Development, Lower Hutt, New Zealand.

  7. Croad, R.N. (1989) Investigation of the Pre-Excavation of the Abutment Scour Hole at Bridge Abutments. Report 89-A9303, Central Laboratories, Works and Development Services Corporation (NZ) Ltd, Lower Hutt, New Zealand.

  8. Pagán-Ortiz, J.E. (1991) Stability of Rock Riprap for Protection at the Toe of Abutments Located at the Flood Plain. Report No. FHWA-RD-91-057. Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC.

  9. Atayee, A.T. (1993) “Study of Riprap as a Scour Protection for Spill-Through Abutments.” Transportation Research Record 1420: Hydrology, Hydraulics, and Water Quality, p. 40–48.

  10. Atayee, A., Pagán-Ortiz, J., Jones, J.S., and Kilgore, R. (1993) “Study of Riprap as Scour Protection for Bridge Abutments.” Proceedings of Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, Part 1, p. 973–978.

  11. Eve, N.J. (1999) Riprap Protection of Bridge Abutments. Master of Engineering Thesis, Department of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.

  12. Hoe, D.A. (2001) Cable-Tied Block Protection of Bridge Abutments. Project Report No. PCRE 01:08. Department of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.

  13. Cheung, M. (2002) Cable-Tied Blocks as a Countermeasure. Master of Engineering Thesis, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.

  14. Martinez, E. (2003) An Assessment of Two Countermeasures to Reduce Abutment Scour. Master of Science Thesis, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA.

  15. Korkut, R. (2004) Geobags as Abutment Scour Countermeasure. Master of Science Thesis, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Iowa, Iowa City,IA.

  16. Barkdoll, B., Ettema, R., and Melville, B. (2007) Countermeasures to Protect Bridge Abutments from Scour. Report No. NCHRP-587. National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC.

  17. Melville, B.W., van Ballegooy, S., Coleman, S.E., and Barkdoll, B. (2006) “Scour Countermeasures for Wing-Wall Abutments,” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 132(6), p.563–574.

  18. Melville, B.W., van Ballegooy, S., Coleman, S.E., and Barkdoll, B. (2006) “Countermeasure Toe Protection at Spill-Through Abutments,” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 132(3), p.235–245.

  19. Melville, B.W., van Ballegooy, S., Coleman, S.E., and Barkdoll, B. (2007) “Riprap Size Selection at Wing-Wall Abutments,” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 133(11), p. 1,265–1,269.

  20. Jesson, M., Sterling, M., and Bridgeman, J. (2013) “Modeling Flow in an Open Channel with Heterogeneous Bed Roughness,” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 139(2), p. 195–204.

  21. Horton, R.E. (1933) “Separate Roughness Coefficients for Channel Bottoms and Sides,” Engineering News-Record 111(22), p. 652–653.

  22. Einstein, H.A. (1934) “Der Hydraulische Oder ProfilRadius,” Schweizerische Bauzeitung Zurich, 103(8), p. 89–91.

  23. Strickler, A. (1923) Mitteilungen des Eidgenossischen Amtes fur Wasserwirtschaft. Swiss Department of the Interior Report of the Bureau of Water Affairs, Bern, Switzerland. Translated as Contributions to the Question of a Velocity Formula and Roughness Data for Streams, Channels and Closed Pipelines by T. Roesgan and W.R. Brownie, Translation T‑10, W. M. Keck Laboratory of Hydraulics and Water Resources (1981), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA.

  24. California Department of Transportation. (2013) “Seismic Design Criteria,” chapter 3 of Capacities of Structure Components. Version 1.7. California Department of Transportation, Sacramento, CA.

  25. American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials (2010) Load Resistance Factor Design Bridge Design Specifications. Fifth Edition. American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials, Washington, DC.

  26. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 23, Part 650, Subpart A. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. Available online at http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?rgn=div5&node=23:1.0.1.7.28#sp23.1.650.a. Last accessed December 12, 2016.

  27. Lagasse, P.F., Schall, J.D., and Richardson, E.V. (2001) Stream Stability at Highway Structures, Hydraulic Engineering Circular No. 20. Third Edition. Report No. FHWA-NHI-01-002. Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC.

  28. Zevenbergen, L.W., Arneson, L.A., Hunt, J.H., and Miller, A.C. (2012) Hydraulic Design of Safe Bridges. Report No. FHWA-HIF-12-018. Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC.

  29. Federal Highway Administration. (2014) Standard Specifications for the Construction of Roads and Bridges on Federal Highway Projects (FP-14). U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, DC.

 

 

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