Development of Human Factors Guidelines for Advanced Traveler Information Systems and Commercial Vehicle Operations: Comparable Systems Analysis
FOREWORD
This report is one of a series of nine reports produced as part of a contract designed to develop precise, detailed human factors design guidelines for Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) and Commercial Vehicle Operations (CVO). Among the other topics discussed in the series are functional description of ATIS/CVO, comparable systems analysis, task analysis of ATIS/CVO functions, alternate systems analysis, identification and exploration of driver acceptance, and definition and prioritization of research studies.
This report documents ATIS and CVO system objectives and performance requirements. It provides basic information regarding the range of ATIS and CVO operational capabilities, a survey of ATIS and CVO systems, a preliminary set of ATIS and CVO scenarios, and a summary of system performance requirements.
Copies of this report can be obtained through the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161.
George Ostensen, Director
Office of Safety and Traffic
Operations Research and Development
NOTICE
This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The United States Government assumes no liability for its content or use thereof. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation.
The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade and manufacturers' names appear in this report only because they are considered essential to the object of the document.
TECHNICAL REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE
| 1. Report No. FHWA-RD-95-197 |
2. Government Accession No. |
3. Recipient's Catalog No. |
| 4. Title and Subtitle
DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN FACTORS GUIDELINES FOR ADVANCED TRAVELER INFORMATION SYSTEMS (ATIS) AND COMMERCIAL VEHICLE OPERATIONS (CVO): TASK D.
COMPARABLE SYSTEMS ANALYSIS |
5. Report Date December 1996 |
| 6. Performing Organization Code |
| 7. Author(s) D.L. Clarke, M.E. McCauley, T.J. Sharkey, T.A. Dingus, J.D. Lee |
8. Performing Organization Report No. |
| 9. Performing Organization Name and Address
Battelle Human Factors Transportation Center
4000 NE 41st Street
Seattle, WA 98105
|
10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) 3B4C |
| 11. Contract or Grant No. DTFH61-92-C-00102 |
| 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address
Office of Safety and Traffic Operations R&D
Federal Highway Administration
6300 Georgetown Pike
McLean, VA 22101-2296
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13. Type of Report and Period Covered
Non-Technical Report
7/1/93 through 10/29/93
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| 14. Sponsoring Agency Code |
| 15. Supplementary Notes
Contracting Officer's Technical Representative (COTR) - Joseph Moyer, HSR-30
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| 16. Abstract
A comparable systems analysis was performed on seven systems selected for their relevance to the features and functions of the Advanced Traveler
Information Systems (ATIS) and Commercial Vehicle Operations (CVO) components of the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) program. The seven
systems were selected for their relevance to ATIS/CVO concepts, user time-sharing characteristics, technology level, dynamics of information flow,
level of implementation, and accessibility. Five of the systems were highway transportation or CVO in-vehicle information systems, two were comparable
systems featuring advanced navigation and decision aiding in Army aviation. Analyses of the seven systems resulted in human factors lessons learned.
The lessons learned were compiled into preliminary human factors design guidelines for ATIS/CVO.
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| 17. Key Words Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS), Commercial Vehicle Operations
(CVO), Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), Intelligent Vehicle-Highway Systems (IVHS) |
18. Distribution Statement
No restrictions. This document is available to the public through the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161.
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| 19. Security Classif. (of this report) Unclassified
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20. Security Classif. (of this page) Unclassified
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21. No. of Pages 216 |
22. Price |
| Form DOT F 1700.7 |
(8-72) Reproduction of completed page authorized |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
- DISCUSSION
- Strengths and Constraints of the Comparable Systems Analysis
- User–Centered Design With or Without Human Factors
- RESEARCH ISSUES
- Driver Attention Management
- Use of ATIS / CVO Systems by Older Drivers
- The Measurement Problem
LIST OF FIGURES
- TravTek main menu
- TravTek CRT screen
- TravTek steering wheel with buttons
- Enter Destination menu
- Saved Destinations screen
- Services / Attractions menu
- Hotel Information screen
- Automatic Teller Machine menu
- Map of local area display
- Emergency Help screen
- Police / Fire/Medical screen
- Information map when in motion
- Information map at zero speed
- Guidance map display
- Route map display
- Traffic information overlaid on a map
- Global TravTek usability questionnaire responses
- Mean trip planning time as a function of display configuration
- Mean travel time as a function of display configuration
- Mean number of wrong turns as a function of display configuration
- Questionnaire ratings of the usability of the TravTek visual displays
- Questionnaire ratings of the usability of the TravTek route map
- Questionnaire ratings of the usability of the TravTek guidance display
- Relative use of TravTek visual route guidance displays
- Questionnaire rating of the "swap map" feature
- Use of the voice feature by rental drivers
- Use of the voice feature by local drivers
- Questionnaire rating of the TravTek voice presentation
- Questionnaire comparison of the TravTek route guidance modes
- Questionnaire rating of the TravTek information map
- Questionnaire rating of the TravTek services/attractions directory
- Questionnaire rating of the TravTek emergency services feature
- Questionnaire rating of the TravTek on–screen instructions
- Questionnaire rating of the route map traffic condition/incidence information
- Questionnaire rating of the guidance screen traffic condition/incidence information
- Questionnaire rating of the TravTek main menu
- Questionnaire rating of the TravTek on–screen keyboard
- Questionnaire rating of the TravTek steering wheel buttons
- Questionnaire rating of the TravTek help features
- Questionnaire rating of the TravTek help desk
- TravTek design process
- Schematic of UMTRI display
- Message displayed when vehicle ignition is turned on
- NAVMATE map display screen
- NAVMATE route guidance display
- NAVMATE controls
- Dimensions of the MCT display unit
- Features of the MCT display unit
- Display unit STATUS VIEW screen activated at start–up
- Sample text message received by driver
- Sample text message created and sent by driver
- MCT display unit controls
- Warning notice engraved on front of MCT display unit
- Sample map display screen that appears when vehicle is started or when requested by driver
- Text–based status screen that is activated by pressing the S button on the map screen
- CSRDF tactical situation display in MAP/NAV mode
LIST OF TABLES
- ATIS/CVO functional characteristics
- Comparison of TravTek functions with those from ATIS/CVO systems
- Comparison of UMTRI functions with those from ATIS/CVO systems
- Comparison of Navmate functions with those from ATIS/CVO systems
- Comparison of OmniTRACS functions with those from ATIS/CVO systems
- Comparison of TravelPilot functions with those from ATIS/CVO systems
- Comparison of CSRDF functions with those from ATIS/CVO systems
- Comparison of Sikorsky functions with those from ATIS/CVO systems
LIST OF ACRONYMS
AAA – American Automobile Association
AATD – Aviation Advanced Technology Directorate
AI – Artificial Intelligence
ATIS – Advanced Traveler Information Systems
ATMS – Advanced Travel Management Systems
AVCS – Automated Vehicle Control Systems
AVL – Automatic Vehicle Location
CASE – Computer–Aided Software Engineering
CB – Citizens Band
CD – Compact Disc
CDAS – Cognitive Decision–Aiding Systems
CRT – Cathode Ray Tube
CSRDF – Crew Station Research and Development Facility
CVO – Commercial Vehicle Operations
D/NAPS – Day/Night Adverse Weather Pilotage Systems
DOD – Department of Defense
DOT – Department of Transportation
ES – Expert Systems
ETA – Estimated Time of Arrival
FHWA – Federal Highway Administration
GPS – Global Positioning Systems
HCI – Human–Computer Interaction
HFE – Human Factors Engineering
HMD – Helmet–Mounted Display
HUD – Head–Up Display
IMSIS – In–Vehicle Motorist Services Information Systems
IRANS – In–Vehicle Route and Navigation Systems
ISIS – In–Vehicle Signing Information Systems
ITS – Intelligent Transportation Systems
IVSAWS – In–Vehicle Safety and Warning Systems
LCD – Liquid Crystal Display
MCT – Mobile Communications Terminal
MP – Mission Planner
NMC – Network Management Center
NOE – Nap of Earth
O/D – Origin/Destination
PVI – Pilot–Vehicle Interface
REALM – Reactor Emergency Action Level Monitor
RF – Radio Frequency
RMPD – Right Multi–Purpose Display
RPA – Rotorcraft Pilot's Associate
SAE – Society of Automotive Engineers
SMD – Systems Management Display
SME – Subject Matter Expert
TISC – TravTek Information Services Center
TMC – Traffic Management Center
TMS – Traffic Management System
TSD – Tactical Situation Display
LIST OF CODES USED IN LESSONS LEARNED
CS – Crew Station Research and Development Facility (CSRDF)
NM – Navmate System
OM – OmniTRACS Mobile Communications Terminal
SK – Sikorsky Cognitive Decision–Aiding System
TP – TravelPilot System
TT – TravTek System
UM – University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute (UMTRI)
FHWA-RD-95-197
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