Pavement Effects Implementation Study

Appendix A. Tables

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A.1 Tables of Values for Plots in Section 2

Tables 3-5 in this section correspond to Figures 1-3 in Section 2.

Table 3. Tabular form: TNM-predicted sound pressure levels (LAeq1h) as a function of distance ? flat site, no noise barrier. Variables: louder and quieter pavement, acoustically hard and soft ground.
Distance from center of near travel lane (ft)	Louder pavement sound level (dBA)		Quieter pavement sound level (dBA)
Distance from center of near travel lane (ft)	Hard ground	Soft ground	Hard ground	Soft ground
50	77.3	76.8	73.9	73.1
100	74.1	70.1	71.2	66.8
200	70.8	63.7	68.4	60.7
300	68.8	59.9	66.6	57.2
400	67.3	57.2	65.2	54.7
500	66.0	55.1	64.0	52.9
600	64.9	53.3	63.0	51.3
700	64.0	51.6	62.2	49.9
800	63.2	50.2	61.4	48.8
900	62.4	49.0	60.7	47.9
1000	61.7	47.9	60.1	47.0
1100	61.1	47.0	59.5	46.3
1200	60.5	46.1	59.0	45.6
1300	59.9	45.4	58.5	45.1
1400	59.4	44.8	58.0	44.6
1500	58.9	44.2	57.5	44.1
1600	58.4	43.7	57.1	43.7

Table 4. Tabular form: TNM-predicted noise reductions (LAeq1h for louder pavement minus quieter pavement) as a function of distance. Variables: flat site (with acoustically hard and soft ground), barrier site, elevated road, depressed road.
Distance from center of near travel lane (ft)	Flat open site sound level reduction (dBA)		Barrier site sound level reduction (dBA)	10-ft elevated road sound level reduction (dBA)	10-ft depressed road sound level reduction (dBA)
Distance from center of near travel lane (ft)	Soft ground	Hard ground	Soft ground	Soft ground	Soft ground
50	3.7	3.4	1.0	2.8	2.0
100	3.3	2.9	1.3	3.3	2.2
200	3.0	2.4	1.6	3.2	2.4
300	2.8	2.2	1.6	3.1	2.4
400	2.5	2.1	1.4	3.0	2.2
500	2.3	2.0	1.2	2.8	1.9
600	2.0	1.9	1.0	2.6	1.6
700	1.7	1.8	0.8	2.4	1.3
800	1.4	1.7	0.6	2.1	1.1
900	1.1	1.7	0.4	1.8	0.8
1000	0.9	1.6	0.3	1.5	0.6
1100	0.7	1.5	0.2	1.3	0.4
1200	0.5	1.5	0.1	1.1	0.3
1300	0.4	1.4	0.0	0.8	0.2
1400	0.2	1.4	-0.1	0.7	0.1
1500	0.1	1.3	-0.2	0.5	0.0
1600	0.0	1.3	-0.2	0.4	-0.1

Table 5. Tabular form: TNM-predicted sound pressure spectral levels (LAeq1h) ? flat site, no noise barrier, acoustically soft ground. Variables: distance, louder and quieter pavement.
Frequency (Hz)	Louder pavement sound level (dBA)			Quieter pavement sound level (dBA)
Frequency (Hz)	Distance = 50 ft	Distance = 500 ft	Distance = 1000 ft	Distance = 50 ft	Distance = 500 ft	Distance = 1000 ft
broadband	76.8	55.1	47.9	73.1	52.9	47.0
50	33.2	23.2	20.1	34.1	24.1	21.0
63	42.2	32.1	29.0	44.0	33.9	30.8
80	46.8	36.6	33.5	48.3	38.2	35.0
100	49.3	39.0	35.8	50.2	39.9	36.7
125	51.3	40.8	37.5	51.7	41.2	38.0
160	53.6	42.6	39.2	53.8	42.8	39.5
200	55.4	43.5	39.8	55.7	43.9	40.2
250	56.5	41.3	33.2	56.9	41.9	33.8
315	58.4	38.3	28.9	59.0	38.9	29.5
400	60.8	34.5	29.2	61.3	35.1	29.9
500	64.0	37.3	29.3	64.1	37.4	29.5
630	65.6	40.4	31.6	65.0	39.6	30.9
800	67.8	43.2	33.5	65.7	41.0	31.2
1000	69.4	45.1	35.4	65.4	41.5	31.8
1250	68.8	45.5	36.0	62.7	40.7	31.3
1600	67.9	45.9	36.3	59.5	39.9	30.4
2000	67.0	45.1	35.5	57.4	39.0	29.7
2500	64.4	44.6	35.4	55.0	39.1	30.1
3150	61.5	43.2	34.6	53.2	38.5	30.1
4000	57.6	37.4	30.0	51.2	33.6	26.6
5000	53.1	29.3	23.6	49.1	26.1	21.4
6300	51.0	32.5	25.4	48.3	31.2	24.3
8000	47.9	28.7	21.5	45.8	27.7	20.6
10000	45.0	22.8	15.1	40.9	20.0	12.6

A.2 Tables of Values for Plots in Section 3

Tables 6 and 7 in this section correspond to Figures 6 and 7 in Section 3.

Table 6. Tabular form: TNM-predictions compared to measured highway noise data, applying TNM Average pavement and TNM OBSI-adjusted pavement; broadband sound levels.
Broadband RAC			Broadband LPCC			Broadband TPCC
Avg Road - Meas (RAC)	Avg RAC Adj-Meas	Spec RAC Adj - Meas	Avg Road - Meas (LPCC)	Avg LPCC Adj-Meas	Spec LPCC Adj - Meas	Avg Road - Meas (TPCC)	Avg TPCC Adj-Meas	Spec TPCC Adj - Meas
6.0	2.9	2.1	-0.6	0.4	-0.1	-3.7	-0.4	-0.7
5.7	2.5	1.8	-0.7	0.4	-0.3	-3.4	-0.2	-0.3
5.9	3.3	2.6	-0.5	0.7	-0.1	-3.0	0.1	0.8
4.6	1.7	1.5	-0.9	0.0	0.2	-3.8	-0.1	0.2
4.9	1.8	1.7	-1.1	-0.4	-0.8	-3.3	0.3	0.5
5.8	2.7	2.5	-0.5	0.6	-0.2	-3.2	0.6	0.5

Table 7. Tabular form: TNM-predictions compared to measured highway noise data, applying TNM Average pavement and TNM OBSI-adjusted pavement; spectral sound levels.
Frequency (Hz)	Rubberized asphalt sound levels (dBA)			Longitudinally tined PCC sound levels (dBA)			Transversely tined PCC sound levels (dBA)
Frequency (Hz)	Measured	TNM Ave. Pave.	TNM Adj. Pave.	Measured	TNM Ave. Pave.	TNM Adj. Pave.	Measured	TNM Ave. Pave.	TNM Adj. Pave.
broadband	75.2	80.2	77.0	84.9	83.8	84.6	82.9	79.4	82.6
50	39.0	39.8	40.3	39.9	39.0	38.9	35.6	37.3	36.4
63	47.3	49.1	49.5	48.7	48.9	48.9	40.8	46.7	45.8
80	53.0	53.8	54.2	53.6	54.3	54.3	48.6	51.9	51.0
100	52.5	56.2	56.5	57.5	57.1	57.0	51.3	54.8	53.9
125	55.5	57.6	57.9	59.4	59.0	58.9	54.6	57.1	56.3
160	58.4	59.2	59.5	60.6	60.9	60.7	57.3	59.4	58.7
200	60.3	61.0	61.2	62.4	62.8	62.5	58.3	61.3	60.5
250	61.0	63.1	63.3	63.2	65.3	65.1	60.4	63.1	62.1
315	63.6	65.2	65.2	65.9	67.6	67.2	61.9	64.6	63.4
400	65.5	66.9	66.7	67.6	69.9	69.3	63.2	66.0	64.4
500	68.3	69.6	68.1	71.5	72.8	72.8	65.9	68.2	67.6
630	66.8	71.0	69.0	73.4	75.1	73.3	68.3	70.1	68.4
800	64.5	71.8	67.5	76.1	75.4	75.2	72.0	70.7	71.0
1000	63.3	72.4	67.8	77.5	76.2	79.2	76.0	71.5	77.2
1250	62.4	71.3	65.6	77.4	75.0	75.7	78.2	70.7	75.4
1600	62.5	69.7	64.4	76.6	73.6	75.4	74.6	69.5	74.9
2000	62.0	68.1	62.9	74.9	71.8	72.8	71.7	68.1	72.9
2500	59.8	65.6	60.6	72.0	69.8	69.0	67.9	65.3	68.5
3150	56.9	62.8	58.2	68.9	67.6	66.1	63.8	62.1	63.8
4000	54.3	58.6	55.0	65.8	63.5	62.4	60.2	57.5	59.1
5000	52.4	54.6	51.5	62.2	60.9	59.7	56.9	52.6	54.5
6300	49.7	53.8	53.0	58.2	56.5	54.7	53.0	51.8	49.6
8000	45.3	50.5	49.9	53.8	53.4	51.6	47.9	48.8	46.8
10000	40.6	46.2	45.4	47.5	50.8	48.5	42.4	46.3	44.2

A.3 Tables of Values for Plots in Section 4

Tables 8 and 9 in this section correspond to Figures 9 and 10 in Section 4. Also, Tables 10-13 in this section correspond to Figures 12-15 in Section 4.

Table 8. Tabular form: Sound level differences from that for 20K EFR as a function of EFR; 2- and 8-lane road, hard and soft ground. Top plot: distance = 50 ft, bottom plot: distance = 200 ft.
Parameters	Distance (ft)	EFR value (cgs rayls)
Parameters	Distance (ft)	2000	4000	6000	8000	10000	12000	15000	20000
2-lane, hard ground	50	-1.4	-0.8	-0.5	-0.4	-0.3	-0.2	-0.1	0.0
2-lane, hard ground	200	-0.9	-0.5	-0.4	-0.2	-0.2	-0.1	-0.1	0.0
2-lane, soft ground	50	-1.6	-0.9	-0.6	-0.4	-0.3	-0.2	-0.1	0.0
2-lane, soft ground	200	-1.0	-0.6	-0.4	-0.3	-0.2	-0.2	-0.1	0.0
8-lane, hard ground	50	-1.5	-0.8	-0.5	-0.4	-0.3	-0.2	-0.1	0.0
8-lane, hard ground	200	-1.0	-0.6	-0.4	-0.3	-0.2	-0.1	-0.1	0.0
8-lane, soft ground	50	-1.9	-1.1	-0.7	-0.5	-0.4	-0.2	-0.1	0.0
8-lane, soft ground	200	-1.5	-1.0	-0.7	-0.5	-0.3	-0.2	-0.1	0.0

Table 9. Tabular form: Spectral sound levels with varying EFR values; 8-lane road, soft ground. Top plot: distance = 50 ft, bottom plot: distance = 200 ft.
Frequency (Hz)	EFR value (cgs rayls)
	2000		4000		6000		8000		10000		12000		15000		20000
	Distance from center of near travel lane (ft)
	50	200	50	200	50	200	50	200	50	200	50	200	50	200	50	200
50	38.3	33.4	38.3	33.4	38.3	33.3	38.3	33.3	38.3	33.3	38.3	33.3	38.3	33.3	38.3	33.3
63	47.5	42.4	47.5	42.4	47.5	42.4	47.5	42.4	47.5	42.4	47.5	42.4	47.5	42.4	47.5	42.4
80	52.3	47.3	52.3	47.2	52.3	47.2	52.3	47.2	52.3	47.2	52.3	47.2	52.3	47.2	52.3	47.2
100	54.7	49.7	54.7	49.6	54.7	49.6	54.7	49.6	54.7	49.6	54.7	49.6	54.7	49.6	54.7	49.6
125	56.2	51.2	56.2	51.2	56.2	51.2	56.2	51.2	56.2	51.2	56.2	51.2	56.2	51.2	56.2	51.2
160	57.9	52.8	57.9	52.8	57.9	52.8	57.9	52.8	57.9	52.8	57.9	52.8	57.9	52.8	57.9	52.8
200	59.5	54.3	59.6	54.2	59.6	54.2	59.6	54.2	59.6	54.2	59.6	54.2	59.6	54.2	59.6	54.2
250	61.2	55.3	61.2	55.2	61.3	55.2	61.3	55.2	61.3	55.2	61.3	55.2	61.3	55.2	61.3	55.2
315	62.1	54.9	62.2	54.8	62.3	54.8	62.3	54.8	62.3	54.7	62.3	54.7	62.3	54.7	62.3	54.7
400	63.5	54.3	63.8	54.4	63.8	54.5	63.9	54.4	63.9	54.4	63.9	54.4	63.9	54.4	64.0	54.4
500	65.7	55.2	66.1	55.7	66.2	55.8	66.3	55.8	66.3	55.9	66.4	55.9	66.4	55.9	66.4	55.9
630	66.8	55.8	67.4	56.8	67.5	57.1	67.6	57.2	67.7	57.3	67.8	57.4	67.8	57.4	67.8	57.5
800	67.8	57.5	68.6	58.7	68.9	59.1	69.1	59.3	69.1	59.5	69.2	59.5	69.3	59.6	69.3	59.7
1000	68.1	58.4	69.1	59.6	69.5	60.2	69.7	60.4	69.9	60.6	70.0	60.7	70.1	60.8	70.2	60.9
1250	66.5	58.0	67.8	58.9	68.4	59.5	68.7	59.9	68.9	60.1	69.1	60.3	69.2	60.4	69.4	60.6
1600	64.6	57.5	65.9	58.0	66.6	58.4	67.0	58.8	67.3	59.0	67.5	59.2	67.7	59.4	67.9	59.6
2000	61.9	55.3	63.5	55.6	64.4	56.1	65.0	56.5	65.4	56.8	65.7	57.1	66.0	57.3	66.3	57.7
2500	59.7	53.1	61.0	53.3	61.8	53.5	62.4	53.8	62.8	54.0	63.1	54.3	63.5	54.6	63.9	55.0
3150	57.6	51.6	58.5	51.6	59.2	51.7	59.8	51.9	60.2	52.0	60.5	52.2	60.9	52.4	61.3	52.7
4000	54.8	48.0	55.2	48.0	55.8	48.1	56.3	48.1	56.7	48.2	57.0	48.3	57.4	48.5	57.9	48.8
5000	52.0	45.2	51.9	45.2	52.2	45.2	52.6	45.3	52.9	45.3	53.2	45.4	53.6	45.4	54.1	45.6
6300	50.4	44.2	50.7	44.2	51.2	44.2	51.6	44.3	52.0	44.3	52.3	44.4	52.6	44.5	53.0	44.8
8000	46.9	40.6	47.2	40.6	47.8	40.7	48.3	40.7	48.7	40.8	49.0	40.9	49.3	41.0	49.8	41.3
10000	41.7	35.0	42.2	35.0	43.0	35.1	43.7	35.3	44.2	35.4	44.6	35.6	45.1	35.8	45.6	36.3

Table 10. Tabular form: Example theoretical EFR curves. For each EFR value (cgs rayls), the data are presented as the delta sound level between the two microphones (upper minus lower) as a function of frequency.
Frequency (Hz)	EFR value (cgs rayls)
Frequency (Hz)	100	300	500	1000	3000	5000	10000	20000	30000
250	-1.0	-0.8	-0.8	-0.7	-0.7	-0.7	-0.7	-0.7	-0.7
315	-1.4	-1.2	-1.1	-1.0	-1.0	-1.0	-1.0	-0.9	-0.9
400	-2.0	-1.8	-1.7	-1.6	-1.5	-1.5	-1.5	-1.4	-1.4
500	-2.9	-2.8	-2.6	-2.5	-2.3	-2.3	-2.3	-2.2	-2.2
630	-3.9	-4.7	-4.5	-4.2	-3.9	-3.9	-3.8	-3.8	-3.8
800	-1.2	-8.3	-8.8	-8.4	-7.7	-7.5	-7.4	-7.3	-7.2
1000	3.5	-3.1	-7.5	-13.0	-18.4	-19.1	-19.2	-19.0	-18.9
1250	4.6	6.1	4.1	0.7	-2.7	-3.7	-4.5	-5.1	-5.3
1600	2.8	7.9	10.8	12.9	10.2	9.1	8.1	7.5	7.3
2000	-0.7	3.7	6.2	10.0	16.7	19.9	24.0	27.0	28.0
2500	-5.0	-3.5	-1.8	0.6	3.7	4.7	5.7	6.3	6.6
3150	-0.7	-3.6	-5.4	-8.2	-13.2	-15.4	-18.2	-20.5	-21.5
4000	2.4	1.8	1.4	0.8	0.1	-0.1	-0.3	-0.4	-0.5

Table 11. Tabular form: TNM-predictions compared to measured highway noise data, applying TNM Average pavement and TNM OBSI-adjusted and EFR-adjusted pavement; spectral sound levels.
Frequency (Hz)	Rubberized asphalt sound levels (dBA)
Frequency (Hz)	Measured	TNM Avg. Pave.	TNM Adj. Pave.(OBSI)	TNM Adj. Pave.(OBSI and EFR)
broadband	75.2	80.2	77.0	76.7
50	39.0	39.8	40.3	40.4
63	47.3	49.1	49.5	49.5
80	53.0	53.8	54.2	54.3
100	52.5	56.2	56.5	56.6
125	55.5	57.6	57.9	58.0
160	58.4	59.2	59.5	59.5
200	60.3	61.0	61.2	61.2
250	61.0	63.1	63.3	63.2
315	63.6	65.2	65.2	65.1
400	65.5	66.9	66.7	66.6
500	68.3	69.6	68.1	67.9
630	66.8	71.0	69.0	68.7
800	64.5	71.8	67.5	67.1
1000	63.3	72.4	67.8	67.3
1250	62.4	71.3	65.6	64.9
1600	62.5	69.7	64.4	63.5
2000	62.0	68.1	62.9	61.8
2500	59.8	65.6	60.6	59.4
3150	56.9	62.8	58.2	56.9
4000	54.3	58.6	55.0	53.5
5000	52.4	54.6	51.5	50.6
6300	49.7	53.8	53.0	51.7
8000	45.3	50.5	49.9	48.5
10000	40.6	46.2	45.4	43.7

Table 12. Tabular form: Example measured EFR curves, typical and atypical.
Frequency (Hz)	NCAT S1 SMA Typical shape	NCAT S8 PFC Atypical shape
250	-0.7	-0.9
315	-0.9	-1.3
400	-1.4	-1.9
500	-2.3	-3.1
630	-3.6	-5.4
800	-6.8	-15.3
1000	-15.1	-1.0
1250	-7.3	9.1
1600	6.2	-3.5
2000	16.3	4.3
2500	8.7	10.2
3150	-11.3	-10.0
4000	-2.0	0.8

Table 13. Tabular form: EFR curves for rubber mat experiment, both atypical.
Frequency (Hz)	Mat over sidewalk Atypical shape	Mat over lawn Atypical shape
250	-1.1	-1.5
315	-1.5	-2.5
400	-2.4	-1.8
500	-3.5	0.3
630	-5.1	1.1
800	-10	-2.1
1000	3.6	-3.9
1250	5.3	-2.4
1600	-0.3	-3.1
2000	4.8	9.7
2500	3.4	3.8
3150	-3.6	-6.5
4000	-0.5	-3.1