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REPORT
This report is an archived publication and may contain dated technical, contact, and link information
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Publication Number:  FHWA-HRT-12-048    Date:  November 2013
Publication Number: FHWA-HRT-12-048
Date: November 2013

 

Pavement Marking Demonstration Projects: State of Alaska and State of Tennessee

APPENDIX A. DURABILITY TEST DECK INFORMATION

Since one of the primary goals of this task was to compare the durability performance of different pavement marking materials measured over time, the markings needed to be subjected to similar traffic conditions. Furthermore, a reasonably high traffic volume was desired to illustrate the differences between materials in the short time available for the study. It was important to consider roadway design features, traffic characteristics, and local environmental conditions when selecting the test deck locations. Together with each State transportation department office, the study sites were carefully selected so that they were representative, similar, and on newly installed pavements that would not need major maintenance during the life of this study. All the test decks were installed on asphalt pavements in good condition. All materials were installed along the edge line and right-most lane line of multilane highways. All test sections were applied along tangent sections.

PAVEMENT MARKING PREPARATION FOR INLAID MARKINGS

The intended goal of the placement of the pavement markings was to place half the length of the marking section on the surface of the road and half in a groove (inlaid). This required that within each test section, half of the section needed the current markings to be eradicated, leaving a clean surface for installation. The second half of the test section needed to be grooved to an adequate depth so that the marking would be inlaid (recessed) below the road surface. The specific parameters of the grooving for the inlaid products were based on providing a consistent difference between the height of the final pavement marking system and the height of the roadway. The goal was to have the pavement marking system, including the optics of the pavement marking system, slightly depressed in the roadway to provide protection from the wintertime plowing and studded tires.

The eradication process was not always consistent and ended up leaving a shallow groove in the road surface. A similar problem occurred when trying to create the groove for the inlaid marking section. The grooving machines would typically go somewhat deeper than specified. To account for these discrepancies in eradication and groove depths, areas where the markings were eradicated were considered to be placed in a shallow groove, and areas where the road was fully grooved (marking system below the road surface) were considered a deep groove. In some cases, markings were also applied over the preexisting markings and were considered a surface application. The various placements of the markings all occurred within the 0.5-mi test section. Markings that only had two placement types were each installed for approximately 0.25 mi.

ANCHORAGE PAVEMENT MARKING TEST DECK AREA

This photo shows Glenn Highway in Anchorage, AK, which has three lanes in each direction of the divided highway.
Figure 52. Photo. Glenn Highway (SR 1 in Anchorage, AK)

This figure shows a screenshot of a Google® Earth image of Anchorage, AK, with proposed marking installation sites 1 through 9 labeled along a yellow path on Glenn Highway.
Figure 53. Screenshot. Proposed pavement marking installation sites (Anchorage, AK)

This photo shows a satellite image of a 0.5 mi testing area labeled section 3 on part of Glenn Highway in Anchorage, AK.
Figure 54. Photo. Test section 3 (Anchorage, AK)

This photo shows a satellite image of a 0.5 mi testing area labeled section 5 on part of Glenn Highway in Anchorage, AK.
Figure 55. Photo. Test section 5 (Anchorage, AK)

This photo shows a satellite image of a 0.5 mi testing area labeled section 6 on part of Glenn Highway in Anchorage, AK.
Figure 56. Photo. Test section 6 (Anchorage, AK)

This photo shows a satellite image of a 0.5 mi testing area labeled section 7 on part of Glenn Highway in Anchorage, AK.
Figure 57. Photo. Test section 7 (Anchorage, AK)

This photo shows a satellite image of a 0.5 mi testing area labeled section 8 on part of Glenn Highway in Anchorage, AK.
Figure 58. Photo. Test section 8 (Anchorage, AK)

This photo shows a satellite image of a 0.5 mi testing area labeled section 9 on part of Glenn Highway in Anchorage, AK.
Figure 59. Photo. Test section 9 (Anchorage, AK)

ANCHORAGE PAVEMENT MARKINGS

Table 69. Initially installed pavement marking in Anchorage, AK.


Test Section

Marking Type

Application Type

Placement

Groove Depth (mil)

Material Thickness (mil)

Bead Type

1 AK a

AKDOT low-VOC paint

Spray

Surface

0

12

AASHTO M247(33)

Shallow (inlaid)

65

12

Deep (inlaid)

160

12

2 AK a

3M all-weather paint

Spray

Shallow (inlaid)

65

30

Swarco type 2 and 3M elements

Deep (inlaid)

160

30

3 AK a

MMA 98:2 (Stirling Lloyd)

Extruded

Shallow (inlaid)

70

100

Type 2

Deep (inlaid)

175

100

4 AK a

MMA 98:2 (Stirling Lloyd)

Agglomerate

Shallow (inlaid)

90,

200

Type 2

Deep (inlaid)

275

200

5 AK a

3M pavement marking tape 380IES

Rolled

Deep (inlaid)

175

100

N/A

5 AK b

3M pavement marking tape 380WR

Rolled

Deep (inlaid)

175

100

N/A

6 AK a

MMA 4:1 (Ennis)

Extruded

Shallow (inlaid)

60

100

30/50 Mesh Swarco Megalux T13 coated

Deep (inlaid)

120

100

6 AK b

Modified urethane (IPS)

Spray

Surface

0

20

Potters type 1 AC110 coating and type 4 Visibead plus 2

Shallow (inlaid)

70

20

Deep (inlaid)

120

20

7 AK a

Low-temperature acrylic waterborne paint (Ennis)

Spray

Surface

0

12

Swarco AASHTO M247(33)

Shallow (inlaid)

140

12

Deep (inlaid)

175

12

8 AK a

MMA 4:1 (Degussa-Pathfinder™)

Agglomerate

Shallow (inlaid)

120

200

Swarco AASHTO M247(33)

Deep (inlaid)

320

200

9 AK a

High-build acrylic waterborne paint (Ennis)

Spray

Shallow (inlaid)

60

30

Swarco Megalux type 3

Deep (inlaid)

145

30

10 AK a

Polyurea (IPS)

Spray

Shallow (inlaid)

65

20

Potters type 1 AC110 coating and type 4 Visibead plus 2

Deep (inlaid)

155

20

N/A = Not applicable.
Note: The installation of edge lines and outside lane lines occurred on August 7, 2006. Section 1 AK a was applied with long-line striping equipment; all other sections were hand cart applied.

Table 70. Pavement markings installed after the first winter in Anchorage, AK.


Date

Test Section

Marking Type

Application Type

Placement

Groove Depth (mil)

Material Thickness (mil)

Bead Type

6/21/2007

All

AKDOT low-VOC paint

Spray

Over existing

Existing

12

AASHTO M247(33)

9/24/2007

1 AK b

Flint Trading Premark preformed thermoplastic

Heat in place

Deep (inlaid)

160

125

N/A

10/2/2007

2 AK b

Standard AKDOT MMA

Spray

Shallow (inlaid)

85

60

AASHTO M247(33)

Deep (inlaid)

180

60

N/A = Not applicable.
Note: Paint and MMA were applied with long-line striping equipment; preformed thermoplastic was hand cart applied.

Table 71. Pavement markings installed after the second winter in Anchorage, AK.


Date

Test Section

Marking Type

Application Type

Placement (Inlaid)

Groove Depth (mil)

Material Thickness (mil)

Bead Type

8/5/2008

9 AK b

MMA (Ennis), paint (Pervo)

Extruded with raised edges, double spray

Shallow (inlaid)

60

10,

30/50 Mesh,
30-30-40 Swarco mega blend

Shallow and deep (inlaid)

60 and 145

40

8/5/2008

7 AK b

MMA (Ennis), paint (Pervo)

Extruded with raised edges, spray

(Deep)

175

100

30/50 Mesh,
30-30-40 Swarco mega blend

175

20

Note: Paint was applied with long-line striping equipment; MMA was hand cart applied.

NASHVILLE PAVEMENT MARKING TEST DECK AREA

This photo shows SR 840, which is a divided highway in Nashville, TN. It has two lanes in each direction.
Figure 60. Photo. SR 840 (Nashville, TN)(120)

This figure shows a map of Nashville, TN, with 10 proposed marking installation sites along SR 840 labeled as sections 1 WB through 5 WB and 1 EB through 5 EB.
Figure 61. Illustration. Proposed pavement marking installation sites (Nashville, TN)(120)

This figure shows a map of Nashville, TN, with test sections labeled as 1 WB, 2 WB, 1 EB, and 2 EB on SR 840. Inlaid images show exit signs for US 65, located within section 1 WB, and Peytonsville Road, located within section 2 EB.
Figure 62. Illustration. Test sections 1 and 2 (Nashville, TN)(120)

This figure shows a map of Nashville, TN, with a label for test section 3 WB on SR 840. An inlaid image shows an exit sign for Peytonsville Road, located within section 3 WB.
Figure 63. Illustration. Test section 3 (Nashville, TN)(120)

This figure shows a map of Nashville, TN, with labels for test sections 4 WB, 5 WB, 4 EB, and 5 EB on SR 840. An inlaid image shows an exit sign for Henry Horton State Park, located within section 4 EB.
Figure 64. Illustration. Test sections 4 and 5 (Nashville, TN)(120)

NASHVILLE PAVEMENT MARKINGS

Table 72. Pavement markings in Nashville, TN.


Test Section

Marking Type

Application Type

Placement
(Inlaid)

Groove Depth (mil)

Material Thickness (mil)

Bead Type

Bead Rate

1 TN-N

Thermoplastic (Ennis)

Spray

Over rumble strip edge line only

N/A

40

Potters type 1 AC110 coating

8 lb/100 ft2

2 TN-N

Thermoplastic (Ennis)

Spray

Shallow (inlaid)

75

40

Potters type 1 AC110 coating

8 lb/100 ft2

Deep (inlaid)

185

40

3 TN-N

Thermoplastic (Ennis)

Spray

Shallow (inlaid)

85

90

Potters type 1 AC110 coating

8 lb/100 ft2

Deep (inlaid)

270

90

4 TN-N

Thermoplastic (Ennis)

Extruded

Shallow (inlaid)

95

120

Potters type 1 AC110 coating and type 4 Visibead plus 2

6 lb type 1 and 10 lb type 4 per 100 ft2

Deep (inlaid)

180

120

5 TN-N

Thermoplastic (Gulfline)

Inverted profile

Shallow (inlaid)

75

50/225

Potters type 1 AC110 coating and type 4 Visibead plus 2

6 lb type 1 and 10 lb type 4 per 100 ft2

6 TN-N

Low-temperature acrylic waterborne paint (Ennis)

Spray

Shallow (inlaid)

55

12

Potters type 1 AC110 coating

8 lb/100 ft2

Deep (inlaid)

145

12

7 TN-N

Polyurea (Epoplex)

Spray

Shallow (inlaid)

110

20

Prismo high index cluster and Potters type 4 Visibead plus 2

8 lb cluster and 10 lb type 4 per gallon

Deep (inlaid)

165

20

8 TN-N

3M all-weather paint

Spray

Shallow (inlaid)

135

26

Swarco type 2 and 3M elements

18 g type 2 and 7.5 g elements per linear ft

Deep (inlaid)

175

26

9 TN-N

High-build acrylic waterborne paint (Ennis)

Spray

Shallow (inlaid)

100

25

Swarco type 3 virgin glass

10-12 lb/100 ft2

Deep (inlaid)

175

25

N/A = Not applicable.
Note: Edge and lane lines were initially installed on October 16, 2006, with long-line striping equipment.

Table 73. Lead-free thermoplastic pavement markings in Nashville, TN.


Test Section

Marking Type

Application Type

Placement (Inlaid)

Groove Depth (mil)

Material Thickness (mil)

Bead Type

Bead Rate

10 TN-N

Ennis lead-free thermoplastic

Extruded

Surface

0

80

AASHTO M247 with AC110 coating(33)

8-10 lb/100 ft2

11 TN-N

Swarco lead-free thermoplastic

Extruded

Surface

0

80

AASHOT M247 with AC110 coating(33)

8-10 lb/100 ft2

12 TN-N

Dobco lead-free thermoplastic

Extruded

Surface

0

85

AASHOT M247 with AC110 coating(33)

8-10 lb/100 ft2

Note: All pavement markings were installed on June 5, 2008, with long-line striping equipment.

TUSCULUM PAVEMENT MARKING TEST DECK AREA

This photo shows SR 34 in Tusculum, TN, which is a divided highway with two lanes in each direction.
Figure 65. Photo. SR 34 (Tusculum, TN)(121)

This figure shows a map of Tusculum, TN, with six proposed marking installation sites on SR 34 labeled as sections 1 WB through 3 WB and 1 EB through 4 EB.
Figure 66. Illustration. Proposed pavement marking installation sites (Tusculum, TN)(121)

This figure shows a map of Tusculum, TN, with labels on SR 34 for test sections 1 WB and 1 EB.
Figure 67. Illustration. Test section 1 (Tusculum, TN)(121)

This figure shows a map of Tusculum, TN, with labels on SR 34 for test sections 2 WB and 2 EB.
Figure 68. Illustration. Test section 2 (Tusculum, TN)(121)

This figure shows a map of Tusculum, TN, with labels on SR 34 for test sections 3 WB, 3 EB, 4 EB a, and 4 EB b.
Figure 69. Illustration. Test sections 3 and 4 (Tusculum, TN)(121)

TUSCULUM PAVEMENT MARKINGS

Table 74. Pavement markings in Tusculum, TN.


Test Section

Marking Type

Application Type

Placement

Groove Depth (mil)

Material Thickness (mil)

Bead Type

Bead Rate

1 TN-T

Modified epoxy (Epoplex)

Spray

Shallow (inlaid)

100

22

Type 4 Visibead plus 2 = E16, type 1 MnDOT spec

10 lb type 4 and 6 lb type 1 per 100 ft2

Deep (inlaid)

125

2 TN-T a

MMA (Degussa)

Extruded

Shallow (inlaid)

100

90

Swarco AASHTO M247(33)

8-10 lb/100 ft2

Deep (inlaid)

170

2 TN-T b

MMA (Degussa-Pathfinder™)

Agglomerate

Shallow(inlaid)

100

200

Swarco AASHTO M247(33)

8-10 lb/100 ft2

Deep (inlaid)

170

3 TN-T

Low-temperature acrylic waterborne paint (Ennis)

Spray

Shallow(inlaid)

50

15

AASHTO M247(33)

8 lb/100 ft2

Deep (inlaid)

110

4 TN-T

High-build acrylic waterborne paint (Ennis)

Spray

Shallow(inlaid)

105

24

Potters type 4 Visibead
plus 2

12 lb/100 ft2

Deep (inlaid)

150

5 TN-T a

ATM pavement marking tape 300

Rolled

Shallow (inlaid)

60

100

N/A

N/A

Deep (inlaid)

130

5 TN-T b

ATM pavement marking tape 400

Rolled

Shallow(inlaid)

25

100

N/A

N/A

Deep (inlaid)

195

6 TN-T

TN standard thermoplastic (superior)

Extruded

Shallow(inlaid)

70

90

Swarco AASHTO M247(33)

8-10 lb/100 ft2

Deep (inlaid)

320

7 TN-T

Modified urethane (IPS)

Spray

Shallow(inlaid)

110

15

Type 4 Visibead plus 2 = E16, type 1 MnDOT spec

10 lb type 4 and 8 lb type 1 per 100 ft2

Deep (inlaid)

170

N/A = Not applicable.
Note: Sections 1 TN-T and 6 TN-T were applied with long-line striping equipment; all other sections were hand cart applied. Edge line and lane lines were initially installed May 14, 2007.

 

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