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Placement of Warm Mix Asphalt on the East Entrance Road of Yellowstone National Park

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FHWA-WFL/TD-09-002
January 2009

Front Materials

• Cover
• Table of Contents
  • Figures
  • Tables

 

Technical Report Documentation Page

1. Report No. FHWA-WFL/TD-09-002	2. Government Accession No.			3. Recipient's Catalog No.
4. Title and Subtitle Placement of Warm Mix Asphalt on the East Entrance Road of Yellowstone National Park				5. Report Date January 2009
				6. Performing Organization Code
7. Author(s) Brad Neitzke and Bruce Wasill				8. Performing Organization Report No.
9. Performing Organization Name and Address HK Contractors, Inc. P.O. Box 51450 Idaho Falls, ID 83405				10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS)
				11. Contract or Grant No.
12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address Federal Highway Administration Western Federal Lands Highway Division 610 East 5th St. Vancouver, WA 98661 National Park Service Yellowstone National Park P.O. Box 168 Yellowstone National Park, WY 82190-0168				13. Type of Report and Period Covered Final Report 2009
				14. Sponsoring Agency Code HFL-17
15. Supplementary Notes This technology deployment was funded under the FHWA Federal Lands Highway Coordinated Technology Implementation Program (CTIP).
16. Abstract In an eff ort to deploy the warm mix asphalt (WMA) technology to Federal Lands Highway (FLH) and cooperating agencies, a Coordinated Technology Implementation Program (CTIP) proposal was approved by agency representatives. This CTIP project allowed FLH to take the lead in working with our client agency and contractors to evaluate the viability of warm mix technology as a standard construction practice. The demonstration evaluated two different WMA technologies (Advera and Sasobit) on a construction project on the East Entrance Road of Yellowstone National Park. The mixtures were placed in August/September 2007. This report documents the results and summarizes the findings of this technology deployment.
17. Key Words WARM MIX ASPHALT (WMA), ADVERA, SASOBIT, YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, EAST ENTRANCE ROAD			18. Distribution Statement No restriction. This document is available to the public from the sponsoring agency at the website http://www.wfl.fhwa.dot.gov/td/.
19. Security Classif. (of this report) Unclassified		20. Security Classif. (of this page) Unclassified			21. No. of Pages 16	22. Price $0.00

Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72) Reproduction of completed page authorized

SI* (MODERN METRIC) CONVERSION FACTORS
APPROXIMATE CONVERSIONS TO SI UNITS
Symbol	When You Know	Multiply By	To Find	Symbol
LENGTH
in	inches	25.4	Millimeters	mm
ft	feet	0.305	Meters	m
yd	yards	0.914	Meters	m
mi	miles	1.61	Kilometers	Km
AREA
in2	square inches	645.2	Square millimeters	mm2
ft2	square feet	0.093	Square meters	m2
yd2	square yard	0.836	Square meters	m2
ac	acres	0.405	Hectares	ha
mi2	square miles	2.59	Square kilometers	km2
VOLUME
fl oz	fluid ounces	29.57	Milliliters	mL
gal	gallons	3.785	Liters	L
ft3	cubic feet	0.028	cubic meters	m3
yd3	cubic yards	0.765	cubic meters	m3
NOTE: volumes greater than 1000 L shall be shown in m3
MASS
oz	ounces	28.35	Grams	g
lb	pounds	0.454	Kilograms	kg
T	short tons (2000 lb)	0.907	megagrams (or "metric ton")	Mg (or "t")
TEMPERATURE (exact degrees)
°F	Fahrenheit	5 (F-32)/9 or (F-32)/1.8	Celsius	°C
ILLUMINATION
fc	foot-candles	10.76	Lux	lx
fl	foot-Lamberts	3.426	candela/m2	cd/m2
FORCE and PRESSURE or STRESS
lbf	poundforce	4.45	Newtons	N
lbf/in2	poundforce per square inch	6.89	Kilopascals	kPa
APPROXIMATE CONVERSIONS FROM SI UNITS
Symbol	When You Know	Multiply By	To Find	Symbol
LENGTH
mm	millimeters	0.039	Inches	in
m	meters	3.28	Feet	ft
m	meters	1.09	Yards	yd
km	kilometers	0.621	Miles	mi
AREA
mm2	square millimeters	0.0016	square inches	in2
m2	square meters	10.764	square feet	ft2
m2	square meters	1.195	square yards	yd2
ha	Hectares	2.47	Acres	ac
km2	square kilometers	0.386	square miles	mi2
VOLUME
mL	Milliliters	0.034	fluid ounces	fl oz
L	liters	0.264	Gallons	gal
m3	cubic meters	35.314	cubic feet	ft3
m3	cubic meters	1.307	cubic yards	yd3
MASS
g	grams	0.035	Ounces	oz
kg	kilograms	2.202	Pounds	lb
Mg (or "t")	megagrams (or "metric ton")	1.103	short tons (2000 lb)	T
TEMPERATURE (exact degrees)
°C	Celsius	1.8C+32	Fahrenheit	°F
ILLUMINATION
lx	lux	0.0929	foot-candles	fc
cd/m2	candela/m2	0.2919	foot-Lamberts	fl
FORCE and PRESSURE or STRESS
N	newtons	0.225	Poundforce	lbf
kPa	kilopascals	0.145	poundforce per square inch	lbf/in2

Table of Contents

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Environmental Details
• 3. Pavement Structure
• 4. Construction Process and Equipment
• 5. Paving Operations
  • 5.1 Control Mixture
  • 5.2 Advera Mixture
  • 5.3 Sasobit Mixture
• 6. Infrared Imaging
• 7. Mix Design and Material Properties
  • 7.1 Mixture Properties
  • 7.2 Binder Properties
• 8. Production Mixture Testing
• 9. Recovered Asphalt Binder Testing
• 10. Additional Testing
• 11. Fuel Reductions
• 12. Summary of Findings
• 13. Conclusions and Recommendations
• Acknowledgements

Figures

• Figure 1: Map of project
• Figure 2: Control mix placement
• Figure 3: Depositing control mix in window
• Figure 4: Control mix paving operation
• Figure 5: Control mix laydown
• Figure 6: Injection ports at the end of the drum: top port - asphalt binder, bottom port - warm mix additive.
• Figure 7: Advera WMA deposited in windrow
• Figure 8: Advera laydown operation
• Figure 9: Sasobit deposited in windrow
• Figure 10: Sasobit laydown operation
• Figure 11: Sasobit laydown operation
• Figure 12: Thermal images of mixes in the windrow
• Figure 13: Thermal images of mixture immediately behind the paver

Tables

• Table 1: Control mix gradation
• Table 2: Hveem control mix design
• Table 3: 75-gyration Superpave mix design comparison
• Table 4: Comparison of binder characteristics
• Table 5: Conventional mix properties
• Table 6: Superpave mix properties
• Table 7: Tensile strength ratio data for the control mix
• Table 8: Tensile strength ratio data for the Advera Mix
• Table 9: Tensile strength ratio data for the control mix
• Table 10: Tensile strength ratio data for the Sasobit mix
• Table 11: Asphalt Pavement Analyzer rut test at 58 °C
• Table 12: Recovered binder properties

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