Previous Chapter « Table of Contents » Next Chapter
Publication No. FHWA-CFL/TD-13-001
January 2013
Central Federal Lands Highway Division
12300 W. Dakota Ave.
Lakewood, CO 80228
The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) encourages programs that protect both the environment and the life of the roadway. Fugitive dust from unpaved roads threatens air, soil and water quality and roadside flora and fauna. This loss of material cause road surface deterioration, increases maintenance cost, and adds to the complexity of managing a network of unpaved roads.
This FHWA report called Unpaved Road Dust Management, A Successful Practitioner's Handbook offers broad programmatic-level guidance for managing a cost-effective unpaved road program. This handbook is for all managers of unpaved roads who seek to stretch their budgets to provide an acceptable level of service while minimizing risks to air, soil and water quality, vegetation and wildlife.
<Signature>
Michael Davies, P.E., Directory of Project Delivery
Federal Highway Administration
Central Federal Lands Highway Division
This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The U.S. Government assumes no liability for the use of the information contained in this document. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation.
The U.S. Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trademarks or manufacturers' names appear in this report only because they are considered essential to the objective of the document.
The FHWA provides high-quality information to serve Government, industry, and the public in a manner that promotes public understanding. Standards and policies are used to ensure and maximize the quality, objectivity, utility, and integrity of its information. The FHWA periodically reviews quality issues and adjusts its programs and processes to ensure continuous quality improvement.
1. Report No. FHWA-CFL/TD-13-001 |
2. Government Accession No. | 3. Recipient's Catalog No. | ||||
4. Title and Subtitle Unpaved Road Dust Management, A Successful Practitioner's Handbook |
5. Report Date January 2013 |
|||||
6. Performing Organization Code | ||||||
7. Author(s) David Jones, Angela Kociolek, Roger Surdahl, Peter Bolander, Bruce Drewes, Matthew Duran, Laura Fay, George Huntington, David James, Clark Milne, Mark Nahra, Andrew Scott, Bob Vitale, and Bethany Williams. |
8. Performing Organization Report No. | |||||
9. Performing Organization Name and Address Western Transportation Institute P.O. Box 174250 Bozeman, MT 59717-4250 |
10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) | |||||
11. Contract or Grant No. DTFH68-09-E-00099 |
||||||
12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address Federal Highway Administration Central Federal Lands Highway Division 12300 W. Dakota Ave. Lakewood, CO 80228 |
13. Type of Report and Period Covered Final Report, August 2009 - August 2010 |
|||||
14. Sponsoring Agency Code HFTS-16.4 |
||||||
15. Supplementary Notes COTR: Roger Surdahl, FHWA-CFLHD. For a list of the Dust Scan Steering Committee members please see Appendix A. This project was funded under the FHWA Federal Lands Highway Coordinated Technology Implementation Program (CTIP). |
||||||
16. Abstract This handbook provides broad programmatic aspects of unpaved road management. It is based on observations made during a national scan tour and provides useful and insightful excerpts of real- world examples and includes practical how-to instructions for determining what type of treatment may be needed for different situations. It ultimately strives to encourage road managers to think broadly about the process of unpaved road management rather than just focusing on a specific type of chemical treatment. |
||||||
17. Key Words FUGITIVE ROAD DUST, DUST CONTROL, CHEMICAL TREATMENT(S), UNPAVED, GRAVEL, UNSEALED ROADS, PALLIATIVES, STABILIZATION, UNPAVED ROAD MANAGEMENT |
18. Distribution Statement No restriction. This document is available to the public from the sponsoring agency at the website http://www.cflhd.gov. |
|||||
19. Security Classif. (of this report) Unclassified |
20. Security Classif. (of this page) Unclassified |
21. No. of Pages 94 |
22. Price |
Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72) Reproduction of completed page authorized
SI* (MODERN METRIC) CONVERSION FACTORS | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
APPROXIMATE CONVERSIONS TO SI UNITS | ||||
Symbol | When You Know | Multiply By | To Find | Symbol |
LENGTH | ||||
in | inches | 25.4 | Millimeters | mm |
ft | feet | 0.305 | Meters | m |
yd | yards | 0.914 | Meters | m |
mi | miles | 1.61 | Kilometers | Km |
AREA | ||||
in2 | square inches | 645.2 | Square millimeters | mm2 |
ft2 | square feet | 0.093 | Square meters | m2 |
yd2 | square yard | 0.836 | Square meters | m2 |
ac | acres | 0.405 | Hectares | ha |
mi2 | square miles | 2.59 | Square kilometers | km2 |
VOLUME | ||||
fl oz | fluid ounces | 29.57 | Milliliters | mL |
gal | gallons | 3.785 | Liters | L |
ft3 | cubic feet | 0.028 | cubic meters | m3 |
yd3 | cubic yards | 0.765 | cubic meters | m3 |
NOTE: volumes greater than 1000 L shall be shown in m3 | ||||
MASS | ||||
oz | ounces | 28.35 | Grams | g |
lb | pounds | 0.454 | Kilograms | kg |
T | short tons (2000 lb) | 0.907 | megagrams (or "metric ton") | Mg (or "t") |
TEMPERATURE (exact degrees) |
||||
°F | Fahrenheit | 5 (F-32)/9 or (F-32)/1.8 |
Celsius | °C |
ILLUMINATION | ||||
fc | foot-candles | 10.76 | Lux |
lx |
fl | foot-Lamberts | 3.426 | candela/m2 | cd/m2 |
FORCE and PRESSURE or STRESS | ||||
lbf | poundforce | 4.45 | Newtons |
N |
lbf/in2 | poundforce per square inch | 6.89 | Kilopascals | kPa |
APPROXIMATE CONVERSIONS FROM SI UNITS | ||||
Symbol | When You Know | Multiply By | To Find | Symbol |
LENGTH | ||||
mm | millimeters | 0.039 | Inches | in |
m | meters | 3.28 | Feet | ft |
m | meters | 1.09 | Yards | yd |
km | kilometers | 0.621 | Miles | mi |
AREA | ||||
mm2 | square millimeters | 0.0016 | square inches | in2 |
m2 | square meters | 10.764 | square feet | ft2 |
m2 | square meters | 1.195 | square yards | yd2 |
ha | Hectares | 2.47 | Acres | ac |
km2 | square kilometers | 0.386 | square miles | mi2 |
VOLUME | ||||
mL | Milliliters | 0.034 | fluid ounces | fl oz |
L | liters | 0.264 | Gallons | gal |
m3 | cubic meters | 35.314 | cubic feet | ft3 |
m3 | cubic meters | 1.307 | cubic yards | yd3 |
MASS | ||||
g | grams | 0.035 | Ounces | oz |
kg | kilograms | 2.202 | Pounds | lb |
Mg (or "t") | megagrams (or "metric ton") | 1.103 | short tons (2000 lb) | T |
TEMPERATURE (exact degrees) | ||||
°C | Celsius | 1.8C+32 | Fahrenheit | °F |
ILLUMINATION | ||||
lx | lux | 0.0929 | foot-candles | fc |
cd/m2 | candela/m2 | 0.2919 | foot-Lamberts | fl |
FORCE and PRESSURE or STRESS | ||||
N | newtons | 0.225 | Poundforce | lbf |
kPa |
kilopascals | 0.145 | poundforce per square inch | lbf/in2 |
*SI is the symbol for the International System of Units. Appropriate rounding should be made to comply with Section 4 of ASTM E380 (Revised March 2003)
The authors acknowledge all who put forth their efforts towards this Unpaved Road Dust Management, A Successful Practitioner's Handbook. The Dust Scan Steering Committee was composed of more than 20 experts (Appendix A) who volunteered many hours advising, planning, writing and/or traveling on the Scan. We are grateful for the energy and wisdom they shared.
We extend a heartfelt thank you to the following individuals and their agencies and staff who hosted the Scan travel team: (Idaho) Joe Wuest and Verlin Van Zee of the Lakes Highway District, Ryan Luttman of Bonner County Road and Bridge; (Montana) Joe Hughes and Steve Monlux (Retired) of the U.S. Forest Service, Erik Dickson of Missoula County; (Arkansas) Gary "Mac" McElroy of Ozark-St. Francis National Forest; (Colorado) Randy Teague of Douglas County Department of Public Works, Dale Miller of Larimer County Road and Bridge, Josh Holbrook and Mel Everhart of Weld County Public Works, and Ted Plank of Boulder County.
We also acknowledge the logistical prowess of Traci Ulberg of Meetings Northwest, LLC, and Matt Duran and Carrie Plasters of EnviroTech Services.
Finally, we thank the staff at the Western Transportation Institute for their administrative support.
The authors acknowledge the following individuals for allowing the use of their photographs in this handbook.
Photographer Figure numbers
David Jones: 1, 2, 6-9, 11-17, 20-34, 20-34, 36-46, 48-50, 52-55, 57-60, 62-74,
77, 78, 80-86, 88-91, 93-95, 97, 98
Jason Paas: 76
Ken Skorseth: 10, 18, 19, 47, 61, 87
John Snyder: 75
Roger Surdahl: Cover, 3-5, 79
Robert Vitale: 51
Bethany Williams: 92, 96