Exhibits
Highlights
2014 Extent of the Highway System
2004–2014 Highway System Trends
2014–2034 Future Highway Capital Investment Scenarios
2014 Extent of the Transit System
2014–2034 Future Transit Capital Investment Scenarios
Executive Summary
Highway (2014) and Bridge (2015) Ownership by Level of Government
Highway Extent and Travel By Functional System, 2014
Highway Expenditure by Type, 2014
Highway Expenditure by Type, 2014
Revenue Sources for Highways, 2014
Urban Capital Expenditure by Asset Category, 2014
Funding for Urban Transit by Government Jurisdiction, 2004–2014
Salaries and Wages and Fringe Benefits, Average Cost per Mile—Top 10 Transit Agencies, 2004–2014
Person Trips By Transportation Modes, 2009
Household Vehicle Access by Poverty Status, 2009
Distribution of Households, VMT, and Person Miles Traveled by Income, 2009
Average Transportation Expenditure by Income Quintile, 2014
Travel Time Index for Interstate Highways in the 52 Largest Metropolitan Areas, 2012–2015
Mean Distance Between Urban Vehicle Failures, 2004–2014
Pedestrian, Bicyclist, and Other Nonmotorist Traffic Fatalities, 2004–2014
Annual Transit Fatalities, Including Suicides, 2004–20141
Transit Fatality Event Types, 20141
Annual Fatalities, Including Suicides and Commuter Rail, 2004–2014
Federal-aid Highway Pavement Conditions, 2014
NHS Pavement Ride Quality, Weighted by VMT, 2004–2014
Systemwide Bridge Conditions, 2004–2015
Definition of Transit Asset Conditions
Asset Categories in Poor Condition (Rated 2.0 or Below), 2014
Distribution of 2014 Capital Expenditures by Investment Type
Annual Transit Capital Expenditures, 2004–2014
Highway Capital Investment Scenarios
Composition of 20-Year Improve Conditions and Performance Scenario, Backlog vs. Emerging Needs
Impact of Technological Change on Backlog
Growth Scenario Investment in Stations
Sensitivity of Highway Scenarios to Alternative Assumptions
Sensitivity to Replacement Threshold
Projected Impact of Alternative Investment Levels on 2034 Bridge Condition Ratings
Projected Impact of Alternative Funding Levels on 2034 Federal-aid Highway Pavement Ride Quality
Growth Scenarios: Expansion Expenditures vs. Increase in Annual Boardings
Mode Share by Tonnage and Value, 2015
Pavement Ride Quality (IRI) Based on Mileage on NHFN
Age of Structurally Deficient Bridges on NHFN, 2014
Main Report
Chapter 1
Exhibit 1-1: Highway Extent and Travel, 2004–2014; Bridge Extent and Crossings, 2004–2015
Exhibit 1-2: Highway (2014) and Bridge (2015) Ownership by Level of Government
Exhibit 1-3: Interstate, NHS, and Federal-aid Highway Extent, Bridge Count, and Travel, 2014
Exhibit 1-4: Federal-Aid Highways Extent and Travel, 2004–2014; Bridge Count 2004–2015
Exhibit 1-5: NHS Comparison: 2004 versus 2014
Exhibit 1-7: Interstate Highway Extent and Travel, 2004–2014; Bridge Count, 2004–2015
Exhibit 1-8: Highway Functional Classification System Hierarchy
Exhibit 1-10: Highway Route Miles by Functional System, 2004–2014
Exhibit 1-11: Highway Lane Miles by Functional System, 2004–2014
Exhibit 1-12: Vehicle Miles Traveled by Functional System and Area, 2004–2014
Exhibit 1-13: Highway Travel by Functional System and Vehicle Type, 2008–2014
Exhibit 1-14: Number of Bridges by Functional System and Area, 2004–2015
Exhibit 1-15: Number of Urban and Rural Agencies by Organizational Structure
Exhibit 1-16: Urbanized Areas (UZA) with Population over 1 Million in Census 2010
Exhibit 1-17: Number of Systems by Mode
Exhibit 1-18: Vehicle Revenue Miles for Rail Modes Serving Urbanized Areas, 2014
Exhibit 1-19: Transit Active Fleet by Vehicle Type, 2014
Exhibit 1-20: Composition of Transit Road Vehicle Fleet, 2014
Exhibit 1-21: Stations and Fleet by Mode, 2014
Exhibit 1-22: Maintenance Facilities, 2014
Exhibit 1-23: Transit Rail Mileage and Stations, 2014
Chapter 2
Exhibit 2-1: Government Revenue Sources for Highways, 2014
Exhibit 2-2: Disposition of Highway-User Revenue by Level of Government, 2014
Exhibit 2-3: Highway Trust Fund Highway Account Receipts and Outlays, Fiscal Years 2000–2016
Exhibit 2-4: Government Revenue Sources for Highways, 2004–2014
Exhibit 2-6: Direct Expenditures for Highways by Expending Agency and Type, 2014
Exhibit 2-7: Expenditures for Highways by Type, All Units of Government, 2004–2014
Exhibit 2-8: Funding for Highways by Level of Government, 2004–2014
Exhibit 2-9: Comparison of Inflation Indices (Converted to a 2004 Base Year), 2004–2014
Exhibit 2-12: Highway Capital Outlay by Improvement Type, 2014
Exhibit 2-13: Distribution of Capital Outlay by Improvement Type and Functional System, 2014
Exhibit 2-14: Capital Outlay on All Roads by Improvement Type, 2004–2014
Exhibit 2-15: Capital Outlay on Federal-aid Highways by Improvement Type, 2004–2014
Exhibit 2-16: Capital Outlay on the National Highway System by Improvement Type, 2004–2014
Exhibit 2-17: Capital Outlay on the Interstate System, by Improvement Type, 2004–2014
Exhibit 2-18: Revenue Sources for Transit Funding, 2014
Exhibit 2-20: Mass Transit Account Receipts and Outlays, Fiscal Years 2004–2014
Exhibit 2-21: Recovery Act Funding Awards Compared to Other FTA Fund Awards
Exhibit 2-22: State and Local Sources of Urban Transit Funding
Exhibit 2-23: Funding for Urban Transit by Government Jurisdiction, 2004–2014
Exhibit 2-24: Current and Constant Dollar Public Funding for Public Transportation (All Sources)
Exhibit 2-26: Sources of Funds for Transit Capital Expenditures, 2004–2014
Exhibit 2-27: Urban Transit Capital Expenditures by Mode and Type, 2014
Exhibit 2-28: Urban Capital Expenditures Applied by Rehabilitation or Expansion by Mode, 2004–2014
Exhibit 2-29: Sources of Funds for Transit Operating Expenditures, 2004–2014
Exhibit 2-30: Rail Operating Expenditures by Type of Cost
Exhibit 2-31: Nonrail Operating Expenditures by Type of Cost, 2014
Exhibit 2-32: Urban Operating Expenditures per Vehicle Revenue Mile, 2004–2014
Exhibit 2-33: Top 10 vs All Other Urban Agencies in the United States
Exhibit 2-34: Urban Growth in Labor Costs—Largest 10 Agencies, 2004–2014
Exhibit 2-36: Urban Operating Expenditures per Passenger Mile, 2004–2014
Exhibit 2-37: Urban Farebox Recovery Ratio of Operating Costs by Mode, 2004–2014
Chapter 3
Exhibit 3-1: Light Duty and Heavy Duty VMT Trends, 1966–2014
Exhibit 3-2: Growth of Real GDP, Population, VMT, and Road Length, 1929–2014
Exhibit 3-3: Growth of Real GDP, Population, VMT, Road Length, and Lane-Miles, 1980–2014
Exhibit 3-4: VMT Annual Growth by State, 2004–2014
Exhibit 3-5: Ratios of Drivers, Vehicles and Population, Selected Years
Exhibit 3-6: PMT and UPT in Billions, 1991–2014
Exhibit 3-7: Person Trips By Transportation Modes in 2009
Exhibit 3-8: Travel by Mode in 2009
Exhibit 3-9: Workers By Commuting Modes in 2009
Exhibit 3-10: Share of Worker Commuting Modes, 2005–2014
Exhibit 3-11: Share of Worker Non-Vehicle Commuting Modes, 2005–2014
Exhibit 3-12: Percent of Workers Commuting by Public Transportation in Metro Areas, 2010–2014
Exhibit 3-13: Person Trips by Modes and Poverty Status, 2009
Exhibit 3-14: Workers by Commuting Modes and Household Income, 2009
Exhibit 3-15: Commuting Market Share of Public Transportation for the Top 10 Urbanized Areas
Exhibit 3-16: Change in Share of Commuting Mode by Household Income, 2005–2014
Exhibit 3-17: Household Vehicle Access, 1984–2014
Exhibit 3-18: Number of Vehicles Available to the Households, 2000–2014
Exhibit 3-19: Average Number of Vehicles per Household by Income Quintile, Selected Years
Exhibit 3-20: Percent of Carless Households by Income Level, 1995–2009
Exhibit 3-21: Carless Households by Income Group, 2009
Exhibit 3-22: Household Vehicle Access by Poverty Status, 2009
Exhibit 3-23: Average Annual VMT per Vehicle, 2009
Exhibit 3-24: Distribution of Households, VMT, and Person Miles Traveled by Income, 2009
Exhibit 3-25: Trip Characteristics, 2001–2009
Exhibit 3-26: Share of Travel Day Person Trips Made by Vehicle, by Income, 1995–2009
Exhibit 3-27: Vehicle Travel Distances and Income, 2009
Exhibit 3-28: Vehicle Travel Time and Income, 2009
Exhibit 3-29: Average Travel Time to Work, 2005–2014
Exhibit 3-30: Transportation Component of Household Expenditure, 1972–2014
Exhibit 3-31: Composition of Household Transportation Expenditure, 2014
Exhibit 3-32: Composition of Household Transportation Expenditure, 1972–2014
Exhibit 3-33: Average Transportation Expenditure and its Components, by Income Quintile, 2014
Exhibit 3-34: Average Household Expenditure on Transportation by Income Quintile, 1972–2014
Chapter 4
Exhibit 4-1: Travel Time Index for 52 Metropolitan Areas, 2012–2015
Exhibit 4-2: Congested Hours per Weekday for 52 Metropolitan Areas, 2012–2015
Exhibit 4-3: Planning Time Index for 52 Metropolitan Areas, 2012–2015
Exhibit 4-4: Congestion for Metropolitan Areas with Population Greater Than 5 Million, 2015
Exhibit 4-5: Congestion for Metropolitan Areas with Population 2–5 Million, 2015
Exhibit 4-6: Congestion for Metropolitan Areas with Population 1–2 Million, 2015
Exhibit 4-7: Correlation between TTI and PTI in 52 Metropolitan Areas, 2012–2015
Exhibit 4-8: Monthly Travel Time Index in 52 Metropolitan Areas, 2012–2015
Exhibit 4-9: Monthly Planning Time Index in 52 Metropolitan Areas, 2012–2015
Exhibit 4-10: Monthly Congested Hours in 52 Metropolitan Areas, 2012–2015
Exhibit 4-11: Travel Time Index for Urbanized Areas, 2004–2014
Exhibit 4-12: National Congestion Measures, 2004–2014
Exhibit 4-13: Functionally Obsolete Bridges—All Bridges, 2004–2015
Exhibit 4-14: Functionally Obsolete Bridges on the National Highway System, 2004–2015
Exhibit 4-15: Functionally Obsolete Bridges by Functional Class, 2004–2015
Exhibit 4-16: Percentage of Rural Highway Alignment by Functional Class, 2014
Exhibit 4-17: Lane Width by Functional Class, 2014
Exhibit 4-18: Average Speeds for Passenger-Carrying Transit Modes, 2014
Exhibit 4-19: Rail and Nonrail Vehicle Revenue Miles, 2004–2014
Exhibit 4-20: Average Vehicle Capacity by Mode
Exhibit 4-21: Capacity-Equivalent Factors (Seating plus Standing) by Mode
Exhibit 4-22: Capacity-Equivalent Vehicle Revenue Miles, 2004–2014
Exhibit 4-23: Average Vehicle Occupancy: Passenger Miles per Vehicle Revenue Mile, 2004–2014
Exhibit 4-24: Average Seat Occupancy Rates for Passenger-Carrying Transit Modes, 2014
Exhibit 4-26: Unlinked Passenger Trips by Mode, 2014
Exhibit 4-27: Passenger Miles Traveled by Mode, 2014
Exhibit 4-28: Transit Passenger Miles Traveled, 2004–2014
Exhibit 4-30: Mean Distance Between Urban Vehicle Failures, 2004–2014
Exhibit 4-31: ADA Accessibility by Vehicle Type, 2004–2014
Exhibit 4-32: Total Active Fleet and ADA Fleet for Commuter Rail, 2004–2014
Exhibit 4-33: ADA Accessibility of Stations, 2004 and 2014
Exhibit 4-34: Transit Directional Route Miles, 2004–2014
Exhibit 4-35: Distribution of Passengers by Wait Time
Exhibit 4-36: 2010 Share of Working-Age Residents with Access to Transit, 100 Metropolitan Areas
Chapter 5
Exhibit 5-1: Crashes by Severity, 2004–2014
Exhibit 5-2: Summary of Fatality and Injury Rates, 1980–2014
Exhibit 5-3: Fatalities, 1980–2014
Exhibit 5-4: Fatality Rates, 1980–2014
Exhibit 5-5: Fatalities by Functional System, 2004–2014
Exhibit 5-6: Fatality Rates by Functional System, 2004–2014
Exhibit 5-7: Fatalities by Crash Type, 2004–2014
Exhibit 5-8: Intersection-Related Fatalities by Functional System, 2014
Exhibit 5-9: Pedestrian, Bicyclist, and Other Nonmotorist Traffic Fatalities, 2004–2014
Exhibit 5-10: Annual Transit Fatalities, Including Suicides, 2004–2014
Exhibit 5-11: 2014 Transit Fatality Event Types
Exhibit 5-12: Location Type of Rail and Bus Fatalities, 2014
Exhibit 5-13: Transit Fatalities and Injuries by Mode, 2014
Exhibit 5-14: Annual Transit Fatality Rates by Highway Mode, 2004–2014
Exhibit 5-15: Annual Transit Fatality Rates by Rail Mode, 2004–2014
Exhibit 5-16: Transit Incidents and Injuries by Mode, 2004–2014
Exhibit 5-17: Commuter Rail Fatalities, 2004–2014
Exhibit 5-18: Commuter Rail Incidents, 2004–2014
Exhibit 5-19: Commuter Rail Injuries, 2004–2014
Chapter 6
Exhibit 6-1: Condition Rating Classifications Used in the 23rd C&P Report
Exhibit 6-2: Percentage of Pavement Data Reported
Exhibit 6-3: Interstate Pavement Condition, Weighted by Lane Miles, 2014
Exhibit 6-4: NHS Pavement Condition, Weighted by Lane Miles, 2014
Exhibit 6-5: Federal-aid Highway Pavement Condition, Weighted by Lane Miles, 2014
Exhibit 6-6: NHS Bridge Conditions, Weighted by Deck Area, 2015
Exhibit 6-7: Systemwide Bridge Conditions, Weighted by Deck Area, 2015
Exhibit 6-8: NHS Pavement Ride Quality, Weighted by VMT, 2004–2014
Exhibit 6-9: NHS Bridge Condition Ratings by Deck Area, 2004–2015
Exhibit 6-10: NHS Bridges Rated Structurally Deficient or Poor, 2004–2015
Exhibit 6-11: Pavement Ride Quality on Federal-aid Highways, 2004–2014
Exhibit 6-12: Systemwide Bridge Conditions, 2004–2015
Exhibit 6-13: Pavement Ride Quality Rated Good, by Functional Class, Weighted by VMT, 2004–2014
Exhibit 6-14: Pavement Ride Quality Rated Poor, By Functional Class, Weighted by VMT, 2004–2014
Exhibit 6-15: Bridges Rated Good, by Functional Class, 2004–2015
Exhibit 6-16: Bridges Rated Poor, by Functional Class, 2004–2015
Exhibit 6-17: Federal-aid Highway Pavement Ride Quality By Owner, Weighted by Lane Miles, 2014
Exhibit 6-18: Bridge Conditions, by Owner, 2015
Exhibit 6-19: Bridges by Age, 2015
Exhibit 6-20: Bridges Rated Poor, by Age, 2015
Exhibit 6-21: Definitions of Transit Asset Conditions
Exhibit 6-22: Distribution of Asset Physical Conditions by Asset Type for All Modes
Exhibit 6-23: Estimated Value of the Nation's Transit Assets, 2014
Exhibit 6-24: Transit Bus Fleet Count, Age, and Condition, 2004–2014
Exhibit 6-25: Age Distribution of Fixed-Route Buses, 2014
Exhibit 6-26: Age Distribution of Vans, Minivans, Autos, and Cutaways, 2014
Exhibit 6-27: Distribution of Estimated Asset Conditions by Asset Type for Fixed-Route Bus
Exhibit 6-28: Rail Fleet Count, Age, and Condition, 2004–2014
Exhibit 6-29: Age Distribution of Heavy, Commuter, and Light Rail Transit Vehicles, 2014
Exhibit 6-30: Age Distribution of Hybrid Rail, Streetcar, and Other Rail Transit Vehicles, 2014
Exhibit 6-31: Distribution of Asset Physical Conditions by Asset Type for All Rail
Exhibit 6-32: Distribution of Asset Physical Conditions by Asset Type for Heavy Rail
Exhibit 6-33: Non-Vehicle Transit Assets: Age and Condition, 2014
Exhibit 6-34: Value of U.S. Transit Assets in SGR vs Backlog by Asset Type
Exhibit 6-35: Value of U.S. Transit Assets in SGR vs Backlog by Asset Type for Fixed-Route Bus
Exhibit 6-36: Value of U.S. Transit Assets in SGR vs Backlog by Asset Type for Rail
Chapter 7
Exhibit 7-1: Capital Investment Scenarios for Highways and Bridges and Derivation of Components
Exhibit 7-2: Highway Capital Investment Levels, by Scenario
Exhibit 7-3: Source of Estimates for Highway Capital Investment Scenarios, by Model
Exhibit 7-10: SGR Benchmark and Transit Investment Scenarios
Exhibit 7-11: Annual Average Cost by Investment Scenario, 2014–2034
Exhibit 7-12: Sustain 2014 Spending Scenario: Average Annual Investment by Asset Type, 2014–2034
Exhibit 7-13: Sustain 2014 Spending Scenario: Percentage of Assets Exceeding Useful Life, 2014–2034
Exhibit 7-14: Projected Backlog under the Sustain 2014 Spending Scenario, 2014–2034
Exhibit 7-15: Sustain 2014 Spending Scenario: Capacity Utilization by Mode Forecast, 2014–2034
Exhibit 7-16: Projected Versus Currently Supported Ridership Growth
Exhibit 7-17: SGR Benchmark: Average Annual Investment by Asset Type, 2014–2034
Exhibit 7-18: Investment Backlog: State of Good Repair Benchmark ($17.5 Billion Annually)
Exhibit 7-19: Proportion of Transit Assets Not in State of Good Repair (Excluding Tunnel Structures)
Exhibit 7-20: Low- and High-Growth Scenarios: Average Annual Investment by Asset Type, 2014–2034
Exhibit 7-21: Scenario Investment Benefits Scorecard
Chapter 8
Exhibit 8-6: Percentage of Functionally Obsolete Bridges, 1994 and 2014
Exhibit 8-7: Percentage of Structurally Deficient Bridges, 1994 and 2014
Exhibit 8-9: Fatality Rates by Functional System, 1993 and 2014
Exhibit 8-13: Asset Condition Forecast for All Existing and Expansion Transit Assets
Exhibit 8-16: Low Growth Scenario: Cumulative Distribution of Transit Asset Ages
Exhibit 8-19: Hybrid and Alternative Fuel Vehicles: Share of Total Bus Fleet, 2000–2035
Exhibit 8-23: Projection of Fleet Size by Scenario
Exhibit 8-24: Projection of Guideway Route Miles by Scenario
Exhibit 8-25: Projection of Rail Stations by Scenario
Exhibit 8-26: Stock of Fixed Guideway Miles by Year Under Low-Growth Scenario, 2014–2034
Exhibit 8-27: Change in Backlog Estimate Since the 2010 Report
Chapter 9
Exhibit 9-5: Annual Projected Highway VMT Based on HPMS-Derived Forecasts or FHWA VMT Forecast Model
Exhibit 9-8: Impact of an Increase in Capital Costs on Transit Investment Estimates by Scenario
Exhibit 9-9: Impact of Alternative Value of Time Rates on Transit Investment Estimates by Scenario
Exhibit 9-10: Impact of Alternative Discount Rates on Transit Investment Estimates by Scenario
Chapter 10
Exhibit 10-2: HERS Annual Investment Levels Analyzed for Federal-aid Highways
Chapter 11
Exhibit 11-1: Mode Share by Tonnage and Value, 2015
Exhibit 11-2: Historical and Forecasted Mode Share of Ton-miles, 1990–2040
Exhibit 11-3: Tonnage on Highways, Railroads, and Waterways, 2014
Exhibit 11-4: Annual Freight Transportation Services Index, 2000–2016
Exhibit 11-5: National Network for Conventional Combination Trucks, 2014
Exhibit 11-6: National Highway System (NHS)
Exhibit 11-7: Number of Freight Intermodal Connectors by Mode, 2000–2014
Exhibit 11-8: National Highway Freight Network (NHFN)
Exhibit 11-9: Average Daily Long Haul Freight Truck Traffic on the NHS, 2012
Exhibit 11-10: Forecasted Average Daily Long Haul Freight Truck Traffic on the NHS, 2045
Exhibit 11-11: Truck Vehicle Miles Traveled and Registrations, 20141
Exhibit 11-12: Major Truck Routes on the NHS1
Exhibit 11-13: Top 25 Corridors by Freight Tonnage, 2015
Exhibit 11-14: Locations of Truck Parking Problems Reported by States, 2014
Chapter 12
Exhibit 12-1: Conditions and Performance by Goal Area
Exhibit 12-2: Pavement Ride Quality (IRI) on the NHFN (Based on Mileage)
Exhibit 12-3: Age of Bridges on the NHFN
Exhibit 12-4: Age of Structurally Deficient Bridges on the NHFN
Exhibit 12-5: Bridge Element Conditions on the NHFN, 2014
Exhibit 12-7: Tonnage on the NHFN, 2015
Exhibit 12-8: Average Daily Long Haul Truck Traffic on the NHFN, 2015
Exhibit 12-9: Forecasted Average Daily Long Haul Truck Traffic on the NHFN, 2045
Exhibit 12-10: Peak-period Congestion on the NHFN, 2012
Exhibit 12-11: Peak-period Congestion on the High-volume Truck Portions of the NHFN, 2012
Exhibit 12-12: Top 25 Congested Freight-significant Locations on the NHFN, 2014
Part II
Exhibit II-1: Distribution of 2014 Capital Expenditures by Investment Type
Exhibit II-2: Annual Transit Capital Expenditures, 2004–2014
Appendix A
Exhibit A-1: Typical Costs per Lane Mile Assumed in HERS by Type of Improvement
Exhibit A-2: Estimated 2014 Values of Travel Time by Vehicle Type
Exhibit A-3: Impacts of Operations Strategies in HERS
Exhibit A-4: Example of Vehicle Operating Costs per VMT
Exhibit A-5: Example of Emission Damage Costs ($ per Vehicle-Mile)
Exhibit A-6: Safety Equation for Rural Multi-Lane Roads
Appendix B
Appendix C
Exhibit C-1: Definitions of Transit Asset Conditions
Exhibit C-2: Scale for Determining Asset Condition Over Time, From Acquisition to Replacement
Exhibit C-3: Distribution of Asset Physical Condition by Asset Type for All Modes, 2014
Exhibit C-4: Weighted Average by Asset Category, 2014–2033
Exhibit C-5: Assets in Marginal or Poor Condition, 2014–2033
Exhibit C-6: TERM Asset Decay Curve for 40-Foot Buses
Exhibit C-7: Backlog Estimate vs Replacement Threshold